complex ions. complex ion an ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Complex Ions
![Page 2: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Complex Ion•An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions
or polar molecules
![Page 3: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Complex Ion•The central
element is almost always a positively
charged metal
![Page 4: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Describe or define a
Complex Ion
![Page 5: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Anion•Negatively charged ion
![Page 6: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cation
•Positively charged ion
![Page 7: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Metal Ion Examples Cu+2 Cu+ Au+
Ag+ Zn+2 Ni+2
Pt+2 Co+2 Al+3
![Page 8: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ligands•The negative ions or polar molecules bound by the central element
in a complex ion
![Page 9: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Ligand Examples
•Cl- F- H2O
•NH3 CN- Br-
•NO O2 OH-
![Page 10: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Polydentate Ligands
• Ligands that can bind to more than
one point
![Page 11: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bidentate Ligands
•Ligands that can bind to two points in a complex ion
![Page 12: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Bidentate Examples
H2N-CH2-CH2-NH2
-O2C-CO2-
![Page 13: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tridentate Ligands
•Ligands that can bind to three points
in a complex ion
![Page 14: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Tridentate Examples
H2-C-COO-
HO-C-COO-
H2-C-COO-
![Page 15: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Chelates•Polydentate ligands
that bind to metal ions in solution
![Page 16: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Coordination Number
•The number of points in which ligands bind to the central element
in a complex ion
![Page 17: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Coordinate Covalent Bond•Covalent bonds in which both electrons involved are donated
by one atom
![Page 18: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Complex Ions•The bonds formed in a
complex ion are coordinate covalent
bonds
![Page 19: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Coordination Complex
•A complex ion and its counter ion
![Page 20: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Complex Ions•The bonds formed in a
complex ion are coordinate covalent
bonds
![Page 21: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Complex Ion•Because of the type
bonding, they are sometimes called
coordinate complexes
![Page 22: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1) Name cations before anions
![Page 23: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Naming Complexes
2) Name ligands before metal in the
complex ion
![Page 24: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2) Naming Ligands
a) give neutral compds normal names except:
![Page 25: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
H2O aqua
NH3 amine
CO carbonyl
NO nitrosyl
![Page 26: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
2) Naming Ligands
b) change -ide endings to -o for
all anions
![Page 27: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2) Naming Ligands d) use geometric
prefixes for monodentate
ligands
![Page 28: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
2) Naming Ligands e) use bis- for 2 &
tris- for 3 polydentate ligands
![Page 29: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
3) Naming Metal a) use the normal
name if the complex ion is (+)
![Page 30: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
3) Naming Metal b) make the metal
ending -ate if the complex ion is (-)
![Page 31: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
3) Naming Metal d) use Roman numerals in () to
indicate metal ox #
![Page 32: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Name the Following:
[Pt(NH3)4]Cl2
[Co(H2O)2Cl4]-2
[Cu(H2O)2(en)2]I2
![Page 33: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Predict # of isomers of each:
[Pt(NH3)4 Cl2]
[Co(H2O)3Cl3]
![Page 34: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Complex Ion Shapes
2-linear 4-tetrahedral or sq pl
6-octahedral
![Page 35: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Geometric Isomers
Square planar vs tetrahedral
cis vs trans
![Page 36: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Geometric Isomers
Bunched octa-
T-shaped octa-
bis: cis vs trans
![Page 37: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Optical Isomers Tri-bis mirror
images
![Page 38: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Field Strength
CN- > NO2- > en >
NH3 > NCS- > H2O > F- > Cl-
![Page 39: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Field Strength CN- is strong field
Cl- is weak field
![Page 40: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Field Strength Determines d-level
splitting or o(splitting energy)
![Page 41: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Field Strength Largeo yields low spin or diamagnetic
compds
![Page 42: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Field Strength Smallo yields high spin or paramagnetic
compds
![Page 43: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
[Pt(NH3)2I4]-2
Determine:
Name, shape, & possible isomerism
![Page 44: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
[Co(NH3)6]+3 yellow[Co(NH3)5NCS]+2 orange[Co(NH3)5H2O]+2 red[Co(NH3)5Cl]+2 purplet-[Co(NH3)4Cl2]+1 green
![Page 45: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Complex Ion Equilibria
Cu+2 + 4 NH3 [Cu(NH3)4]+2
[Cu(NH3)4]+2
[Cu+2][NH3]4Kf =
![Page 46: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Calculate the ratio of [Cu+2]/ [Cu(NH3)4]+2 when Cu+2 is added to a 0.10 M
NH3 solution:Kf = 2.0 x 1012
![Page 47: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Common Ion Equilibria
•The larger the Kf, the more likely the complex will form
![Page 48: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Common Ion Equilibria
•Kf for [Ag(NH3)2]+1
= 1.7 x 107
•Kf for [Ag(CN)2]-1
= 2.0 x 1020
![Page 49: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Common Ion Equilibria
•Kf for [M(NH3)2]+2
= 1.7 x 107
•Kf for [M(CN)4]-2
= 2.0 x 1020
![Page 50: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Common Ion Equilibria
CN- will replaceNH3 in the
complex with silver
![Page 51: Complex Ions. Complex Ion An ion formed when a positive central element binds with multiple ions or polar molecules](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062417/5519cf5d55034649768b4842/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Calculate: a) coordination #
b) number of isomersc) oxidation # of metal
[Zn(NH3)2H2OF]+1
[Co(NH3)3ClFI]-1