Completing the Experiment

Your Question should be in the proper format: The Effect of Weight on the Drone’s Ability to Fly in MetersIn this format, you can clearly see your Dependent Variable and your Independent Variable

Hypothesis

• Type a brief overview of your research here. Include why your experiment is important and what your hypothesis is. You should have a REASON for your hypothesis!

• My research has shown that Robots with four legs are most

• stable. I believe that my four legged robot will be the

• most stable.

Variables

Controlled variables (CONSTANTS)

•These are kept the same throughout your experiments

Independent variable

•The one variable you purposely change and test

Dependent variable

•The measure of change observed because of independent variable•Decide how you will measure the change

MaterialsList should include amounts. If you don’t know yet, leave a blank but remember to go back and fix it!!

Materials (detailed list) Quantity (be specific)

Item Amount

Item Amount

Item Amount

Item Amount

Item Amount

Item Amount

Item Amount

Procedure: You may need photos or plans if you are doing something unique.

Describe this step in your experiment

Step 1

Describe this step in your experiment

Step 2

Describe this step in your experiment

Step 3

Describe this step in your experiment

Step 4

Procedures

• Clean your area

• Gather your supplies

• Label your samples

• Begin.

Now you can start: Collecting Data

• You should have your spiral notebook or your black/white composition out and ready to jot down any thought, issue or lightbulb moment.

DATA: RAW DATA/PROCESSED DATA

• Raw Data is data that has not been organized in any way

• Processed Data is data that you have DONE SOMETHING TO!!!

Salinity Weight at start

Weight at end

Change in weight

Type of Solution

10 % 12 g 8 g -4 g Hypertonic

50 % 10 g 2 g -8 g Hypertonic

Types of data: Quantitative and Qualitative

• Quantitative

• Numerically counted or data expressed as numbers

• Most common data used in experiments

• Data can be shown in a graph or chart

• Qualitative:

• Data that is descriptive; data in language not in numbers

• Includes characteristics, properties, qualities

• This is data that can be observed: texture, taste, smell, beauty

• Qualitative data can be subjective and may not always be reliable

• The Best researchers will use BOTH TYPES of data!!!

Quantitative Data: Ratio and Interval

• Ratio data is data that uses a standard scale with a zero component

• Height, weight

• Crime rate, Unemployment rate

• Distance traveled

• Interval data is data that uses a scale without an absolute zero

• Temperature

• pH

Qualitative Data: Ordinal and Nominal

Nominal data

Can not be put into ranked order

Hair color, gender

Ordinal data

Can be ranked – 10 is the meanest animal

Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode

Central Tendency – the one value that is most typical of the entire set of data

•Mean: Mean is the most common measure of central tendency. It is simply the sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers in a set of data. This is also known as average.•Median: Median is the number present in the middle when the numbers in a set of data are arranged in ascending or descending order. If the number of numbers in a data set is even, then the median is the mean of the two middle numbers.•Mode: Mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a set of data.

Examples of Measures of Central Tendency •For the data 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8 the measures of central tendency are Mean = 4.56 41/9Median = 5Mode = 5

What does the central tendency tell us?

• Central tendency can help us describe the overall data set.

• It can tell us if the data is skewed to one side.

• It can tell us if there are outliers.

• It can tell us how the data points relate to the central value.

Variation• Variation – Shows the spread of the data

• Standard Deviation (online calculator) is an equation that compares every data point to the mean. A high sd means that the data is very spread out, a low one means that data is all close to the mean

• Why is this important?

• What would you want to have?

Range• Range is a measure of the difference between the smallest and largest

values

• 73,  77,  84,  87,  89,  91,  94

highest - lowest = 94 - 73 = 21

• This is nicely shown in a “BOX AND WHISKERS” graph

Box and Whiskers and Stem and Leaf

Frequency Distribution

• Frequency distributions are visual displays that organize and present frequency counts so that the information can be interpreted more easily.

This is your data being processed!!!

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 40

1

2

3

4

5

6

Series 1 Series 2 Series 3

Processing includes finding the mean, median and mode.

Processing includes finding the standard deviation.

Processing includes doing a visual representation of your data (graph)

Processing MAY include finding a trend or making a prediction

Processing includes doing a statistical analysis on your data. We will have separate notes on this!!!

Chi Square

•We will complete a second practice set on a statistical analysis a bit later.

T-test

Analysis/Conclusion

• Talk about all aspects of your data. Mention your standard deviation, outliers, any trends, mean, box and whiskers, etc……

• Explain what your results mean!

• Indicate and explain whether or not the data supports your hypothesis

• What improvements can you do to this experiment if you do it again?