completing & producing a well
DESCRIPTION
Completing & Producing A Well. The Well is Drilled - Now What?. Logs A systematic recording of data Driller’s log, mud log, electrical log, radioactivity log Cased hole vs open hole Exact zone depths are determined using logs Wellhead Installation and Integrity Testing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Well is Drilled - Now What?
Logs A systematic recording of data
Driller’s log, mud log, electrical log, radioactivity log Cased hole vs open hole Exact zone depths are determined using logs
Wellhead Installation and Integrity Testing
Completion Design and Scheduling
Why Complete a Well? Tight reservoir rock with low permeability must be stimulated to
provide economic recovery
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Completion Techniques
Perforating (Perfs) A perforating gun fires shaped charges through the casing and
cement into the formation allowing fluids to be pumped into/out of the reservoir
Hydraulic Fracturing (Frac Job) Water, polymers, and “proppants” are mixed to make frac gel The gel is then pumped into the formation under high enough
pressure to break or fracture the rock
Acidizing (Acid Job) Acid is pumped into the formation and chemically reacts to
dissolve the rock The dissolved rock and “spent acid” are washed back to surface
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Artificial Lift
Natural Flow vs Artificial Lift Reservoir pressure is key to determining how a well will flow In cases where wells cannot flow naturally, artificial lift may be used
Pumping Units (West Texas!) Rods are run the length of the tubing with a pump on the end As the surface unit moves up and down, valves down hole open and
close providing a lift mechanism for the formation fluid Others
Electronic Submersible Pumps (ESPs), Plunger Lift, Gas Lift
Enhanced Recovery (common in Permian Basin but not Concho) CO2 Flood Waterflood
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Workovers
Common Well Problems Holes in tubing/casing Rod parts Worn pumps Paraffin Weather
Abandonment (PA’d / TA’d)
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From the Wellhead
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Wellhead
Tank Battery Meter
Refinery
Water GasOil
Disposal Station
Separating Systems
Gas Plant
Tank Battery
Truck/Pipeline Pipeline
Role of Field Personnel
Lease Operators (Pumpers) Handle daily field maintenance and ensure wells are producing Manually record production (used in regulatory and revenue)
Artificial Lift Techs Optimize pumping unit performance/shoot down hole fluid levels
Foremen Serve as field managers and as a liaison with office personnel
Field Engineers Design and implement technical procedures/equipment Monitor field performance and minimize costs
Consultants Supervise work crews and provide experience driven expertise
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