completed geo101 assignment

8/8/2019 Completed GEO101 Assignment

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Prepared for

Moushumi Zahur

Course instructor

BRAC University

Prepared by:

Name Student ID

Rafi Uddin Sharik 09104040 Priyanka Das Katha 09104033

Tanvir Ahasan 09104092 Md. Saleh-Ibne-Rashid 09104117

FALL 2009

Section: 001

BRAC University

Date of Submission: 10th December, 2009

Course Name:

Introduction to Economic Geography

(Comparison of Economic Development of Developed, Developing andUnderdeveloped Countries 2008)



Table of Contents

Chapter Section Topics Page

1 Introduction

.1 Economic Geography

.2 Contribution of Different Sectors to GDP

.3 Trading Features

.4 Developed, Developing and Underdeveloped Countries

2 Information (2008)

.1

.2

.3

.4

.5



10th December, 2009

Moushumi Zahur

Course Instructor

BRAC University

66, Mohakhali

Subject: Submission of assignment for completion of course.

Dear Madam,

This is to inform you that we have completed the Assignment. This assignment focuses

on the comparison of economic development of different regions of the world. The

report, titled ³Comparison of Economic Development of Developed, Developing and

Underdeveloped Countries´ has been prepared for the completion of the course,

Introduction to Economic Geography (GEO101)

In the making of this assignment, we have followed all your specific instructions

involving report writing so as to present our views and in the easiest manner. However,

we will be glad to clarify any discrepancy that may arise.

Thank you.

Sincerely yours,

Name STD ID. Signature

Md. Saleh-Ibne-Rashid 09104117 ««««..

Tanvir Ahasan 09104092 «««««

Priyanka Das Katha 09104033 «««««

Rafi Uddin Sharik 09104040 ..................



Chapter 1

Introduction



1.1 :Economic Geography

Economic geography is concerned with the location and distribution of economic

activity. It focuses on the location of industries and retail and wholesale businesses, on

transportation and trade, and on the changing value of real estate. Courses in economicgeography may cover such topics as transportation, agriculture, industrial location,

world trade, and the spatial organization and function of business activity. Economic

geographers study the principles governing the spatial allocation of resources and the

resulting consequences In Broader terms, economic geography can be defined as

"In Economic Geography, we study the (locational, organizational and

behavioral) principles and processes associated with the spatial allocation

of scarce (human, man-made and natural) resources (which are also

distributed spatially) and the spatial patterns and (direct and indirect,

social, environmental and economic) consequences resulting from such

allocations."

Considering all of the above information and definition we can state that "the study of

the way in which society organizes itself in space".

1.2 :Contribution of Different Sectors to GDP

GDP contribution on a given country¶s economy can be divided into 3 sectors:

i. Primary sector

ii. Secondary sector

iii. Tertiary sector

i. Primary Sector

The primary sector of the economy extracts or harvests products from the earth. The

primary sector includes the production of raw material and basic foods. Activitiesassociated with the primary sector include agriculture (both subsistence and

commercial), mining, forestry, farming, grazing, hunting and gathering, fishing, and

quarrying. The packaging and processing of the raw material associated with this sector

is also considered to be part of this sector. In developed and developing countries, a

decreasing proportion of workers are involved in the primary sector.



1.4 :Developed, Developing and Underdeveloped Countries

Developed Countries

Country in which there is widespread industry and in which the average standard of

living is high compared with world standards, progressive countries and moderncountries. Countries which have per capita income of 2500 dollars and more are

considered as developed countries.

Developing Countries

A broad range of countries that generally lack a high degree of industrialization,

infrastructure, and other capital investment, sophisticated technology, widespread

literacy, and advanced living standards among their populations as a whole. Countries

which have per capita income between $1500 and 2500$ are considered as developing

countries.

Underdeveloped Countries

Country in which there is low per capita incomes, low literacy levels and medical

standards, subsistence agriculture, and a lack of exploitable minerals and competitive

industries. Countries which have per capita income of less than $1500 are considered

as underdeveloped countries.



Chapter 2

Information (2008)



Section 1: Developed Countries

Among the developed countries of the world we have chosen three countries from three

different regions of the world. The countries that we have chosen are- Japan, Germany

and the United States of America (USA).

Japan

Basic Information

Official Name: Japan

Capital: Tokyo

Total area:

Total: 377,915 sq km

Land: 364,485 sq km

Water: 13,430 sq km

Geographical boundary: Located in the pacific coast of Asia. No Land boundary.

Total population: 127,078,679

Population density in per square: 337.574/km2

Natural increase rate of population: 0.191%

Per capita income of population (avg.): $38,210

Literacy rate:

Total: 99%

Male: 99%

Female: 99%



Urban-rural population:

Urban population: 66% of total population

Rural population: 34% of total population

Political Map



Economic Features

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $4.34 tri l l ion

GDP Growth Rate: -0.7%

Contribution of Different Sectors to GDP:

Sector Subsector Contribution to GDPPrimary Agriculture 1.5%Secondary Industry 26.3%Tertiary Services 72.3%

2%

26%

72%

Contribution of Different Sectors to GDP

Agriculture

Industry

Services



Germany

Basic Information

Official Name: Federal Republic of Germany

Capital: Berlin

Total area:


Land: 348,672 sq km

Water: 8,350 sq km

Geographical boundary: Situated in Central Europe. Total border of 3,621km. Border

countries include Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km, Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark

68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138 km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, and

Switzerland 334 km





Literacy rate:

Total: 99%

Males: 99%Female: 99%






Political Map



Economic Features and Trading Features

Trading Features

Export and import commodities:

Export commodities: Machinery, vehicles, chemicals, metals and manufactures,

foodstuffs, textiles

Import commodities: Machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

Relation of export and import trade:

Import Partners: Netherlands 12.5%, France 8.3%, Belgium 7.5%, China 6.2%,

Italy 5.7%, UK 5.4%, Austria 4.3%, Russia 4.2%, US 4.2%

Export Partners: France 9.7%, US 7.1%, UK 6.7%, Netherlands 6.6%, Italy 6.4%,

Austria 5.4%, Belgium 5.2%, Spain 4.4%, Poland 4%

Important places related with trade: Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, and Munich

Export: $1.498 trillion

Import: $1.232 trillion

Balance: $266 billion (Trade Surplus)

The exports of Germany are greater than its imports. For that reason, the balance of

trade is showing positive value which indicates trade surplus.



Economic Features

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $2.925 tri l l ion

GDP Growth Rate: 1 .3%

Contribution of different sectors to GDP:


1%

30%

69%


Primary

Secondary

Tertiary



United States of America (USA)

Basic Information

Official Name: United States of America

Capital: Washington, DC

Total area:

Total: 9,826,675 sq km

Land: 9,161,966 sq km

Water: 664,709 sq km

Geographical boundary: Situated in central North America. Total border of 12,034 sq

km. Border countries include Canada 8,893 km (including 2,477 km with Alaska),

Mexico 3,141 km





Literacy rate:

Total: 99%

Male: 99%

Female: 99%






Political Map




Trading Features


Export commodities: Soybeans, fruit, corn, organic chemicals, transistors, aircraft,

motor vehicle parts, computers, telecommunications equipment automobiles,

medicines

Import commodities: Crude oil, computers, telecommunications equipment, motor

vehicle parts, office machines, electric power machinery, automobiles, clothing,medicines, furniture, and toys


Import Partners: China 16.5%, Canada 15.7%, Mexico 10.1%, Japan 6.6%,

Germany 4.6%

Export Partners: Canada 20.1%, Mexico 11.7%, China 5.5%, Japan 5.1%,

Germany 4.2%, UK 4.1%

Important places related with trade: New York, Los Angeles, and Philadelphia

Export: $1.277 trillion

Import: $2.117 trillion

Balance: -$840 billion (Trade Deficiency)

The imports of the United States are greater than its export. For that reason, the

balance of trade is showing positive value which indicates trade deficiency.



Economic Features

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $14.44 tril l ion

GDP Growth Rate: 0.4%



1%

19%

80%


Primary

Secondary

Tertiary



Section 2: Developing Countries

Among the developing countries of the world we have chosen three countries. The

countries that we have chosen are- Egypt, Indonesia and Philippines.

Egypt

Basic Information

Official Name: Arab Republic of Egypt

Name: Japan

Capital: Tokyo

Total area:


Land: 995,450 sq km

Water: 6,000 sq km

Geographical boundary: Located mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula

forming a land bridge in the Middle East. Total border of 2,665 km. Border countries

include Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 266 km, Libya 1,115 km, Sudan 1,273 km







Literacy rate:

Total: 71.4%

Male: 83%

Female: 59.4%




Political Map




Trading Features


Export commodities: Crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal

products, chemicals

Import commodities: Machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood

products, fuels


Import Partners: US 10.3%, China 9.9%, Italy 7.3%, Germany 6.8%, Saudi

Arabia 4.9%

Export Partners: Italy 9.4%, US 7.1%, India 6.2%, Spain 6.1%, Syria 4.7%, Saudi

Arabia 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Germany 4.5%

Important places related with trade:

Export: $29.85 billion

Import: $56.62 billion

Balance: -$26.77 billion (Trade Deficiency)

The imports of Egypt are greater than its exports. For that reason, the balance of trade

is showing negative value which indicates trade deficiency.



Economic Features

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $444.8 bil l ion

GDP Growth Rate: 7 .2%



13%

39%

48%


Primary

Secondary

Tertiary



Indonesia

Basic Information

Official Name: Republic of Indonesia

Capital: Jakarta

Total area:


Land: 1,811,569 sq km

Water: 93,000 sq km

Geographical boundary: Situated in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Total border of

2,830 km. Border countries include Timor-Leste 228 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua

New Guinea 820 km

Total population:




Literacy rate:

Total: 90.4%

Male: 94%

Female: 86.8%






Political Map




Trading Features


Export commodities: Oil and gas, electrical appliances, plywood, textiles, rubber

Import commodities: Machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs


Import Partners: Singapore 16.9%, China 11.8%, Japan 11.7%, Malaysia 6.9%,

US 6.1%, South Korea 5.4%, Thailand 4.9%

Export Partners: Japan 20.2%, US 9.5%, Singapore 9.4%, China 8.5%, South

Korea 6.7%, India 5.2%, Malaysia 4.7%

Important places related with trade: Jakarta, Java, and Bali


Import: $116 billion

Balance: $23.3 billion (Trade Surplus)

The exports of Indonesia are greater than its imports. For that reason, the balance of

trade is showing negative value which indicates trade surplus.



Economic Features

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): $916.7 bil l ion




14%

48%

38%

Contribution to Different Sectors of GDP

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary



Philippines

Basic Information

Official Name: Republic of the Philippines

Capital: Manila

Total area:


Land: 298,170 sq km

Water: 1,830 sq km

Geographical boundary: Situated in is a country in Southeast Asia in the western

Pacific Ocean.




Per capita income of population (avg.): $1890

Literacy rate:

Total: 92.6%

Male: 92.5%

Female: 92.7%






Political Map




Trading Features


Export commodities: Semiconductors and electronic products, transport

equipment, garments, copper products, petroleum products, coconut oil, fruits

Import commodities: Electronic products, mineral fuels, machinery and transport

equipment, iron and steel, textile fabrics, grains, chemicals, plastic


Import Partners: US 12.8%, Japan 11.8%, Singapore 10.3%, Saudi Arabia 8.5%,

China 7.5%, South Korea 5.2%, Thailand 5%, Malaysia 4.3%

Export Partners: US 16.7%, Japan 15.7%, China 11.1%, Hong Kong 10.1%,

Netherlands 7.5%, Singapore 5.3%, South Korea 5.1%, Germany 5%

Important places related with trade:




The imports of Philippines are greater than its exports. For that reason, the balance of

trade is showing negative value which indicates trade deficiency.



Economic Features

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): 318.2 bil l ion



Sector Subsector Contribution to GDPPrimary Agriculture 14.7%Secondary Industry 31.6%%Tertiary Services 53.7% %

14%

48%

38%


Primary

Secondary

Tertiary



Section 3: Underdeveloped Countries

Among the Underdeveloped countries of the world we have chosen three countries from

two different regions of the world. The countries that we have chosen are- Bangladesh,

Nepal and Kenya.

Bangladesh

Basic Information

Official Name: People's Republic of Bangladesh

Capital: Dhaka

Total area:


Land: 130,168 sq km

Water: 13,830 sq km

Geographical boundary: Situated in South Asia. Total border of 4,246 km. Border

countries include Burma 193 km, India 4,053 km


Population density in per square: 1,123.50 per sq km



Literacy rate:

Total: 47.9%

Males: 54%

Female: 41.4






Political Map




Trading Features


Export Commodities: Garments, Jute and Jute Goods, Leather, Frozen fish and

Seafood.

Import Commodities: Machinery and Equipments, Chemicals, iron and Steel,

Textiles, Foodstuffs, Petroleum products and Cement.


Export trade: US 21%, Germany 13.2%, UK 8.6%, France 6.3%, Netherlands

4.7%

Import trade: China 14.7%, India 14.7%, Kuwait 7.5%, Singapore 7.1%, and

Japan 4.1%

Important places related with trade: Dhaka, Chittagong.




The imports of Bangladesh are greater than its exports. For that reason, the balance of




Economic Features

GDP: $226.4 billion




19%

29%

52%


Agriculture

Industry

Services



Nepal

Basic Information

Official Name: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal

Capital: Kathmandu

Total area:


Land: 143,351 sq km

Water: 3,830 sq km

Geographical boundary: Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia. Total border of

2,926 km. Border countries include China 1,236 km, India 1,690 km


Population density in per square: 192 per sq km.



Literacy rate:

Total: 48.6%

Males: 62.7%

Female: 34.9%






Political Map




Trading Features


Export commodities: Clothing, Carpets, Leather goods, Jute goods, Pulses,

grain.

Import commodities: Petroleum products, Machinery and Equipment, Electrical

goods.


Export trade: India 59.2%, US 8.7%, Bangladesh 8.3%, Germany 4.3%

Import trade: India 55.4%, China 13.3%, and Singapore 2%

Important places related with trade: Kathmandu, Nepalganj.

Export: $868 million



The imports of Nepal are greater than its exports. For that ground, the balance of




Economic Features

GDP: $31.39 billion




32%

17%

51%


Agriculture

Industry

Services



Kenya

Basic Information

Official Name: Republic of Kenya

Capital: Nairobi

Total area:


Land: 569,140 sq km

Water: 11,227 sq km

Geographical boundary: Situated along the Indian Ocean, at the equator . Total border

of 3,477 km. Border countries include Ethiopia 861 km, Somalia 682 km, Sudan 232

km, Tanzania 769 km, Uganda 933 km


Population density in per square: 59/km2



Literacy rate

Total: 85.1%

Males: 90.6%

Female: 79.7%






Political Map




Trading Features


Export Commodities: Tea, Horticultural products, Petroleum products, Fish and

Cement

Import Commodities: Machinery, Transportation equipments, Petroleum

products, Motor Vehicles, Steel, Resins and Plastic

Quantity of export and import commodities:


Export Partners: UK 10%, Netherlands 9.2%, Uganda 9%, Tanzania 8.7%, US

6.3%, Pakistan 5.6%

Import Partners: India 14.1%, UAE 11.5%, China 10%, Saudi Arabia 8%, South

Africa 5.7%, Japan 5.1%

Important places related with trade: Nairobi, Mombasa.




The imports of Kenya are greater than its exports. For that explanation, the balance of




Economic Features

GDP: $61.65 billion



Sector Subsector Contribution to GDPPrimary Agriculture 23.8Secondary Industry 16.7 Tertiary Services 59.5

24%

17%59%


Primary

Secondary

Tertiary



Chapter 3

Comparison of Three Different Regions of the World



Comparison of GDP Contribution

Developed Countries

Country Primary(Agriculture) Secondary(Industry) Tertiary(Services)Japan 1.5% 26.3% 72.3%Germany 0.9% 30.1% 69.1%USA 1.2 19.2% 79.6%

Source: CIA fact book.

If we observe the above diagram of GDP contribution of three developed countries, we

can see that the United States is the most developed in service sector than the other

two developed counties named Japan and Germany. That proves they emphasize more

on tertiary sector comparison to other two developed countries. However another

developed country Japan has the highest GDP contribution on agriculture that indicates

they are developed in primary sector compare to other two developed countries. Yet if

we observe the GDP contribution of Germany, we can see that the Germans give more

emphasize on secondary sectors compare to other two developed countries. That

indicates they emphasize on Tertiary sector.

JapanGermany

USA

1.50.9

1.2

26.3 30.1

19.2

72.369.1

79.6


Primary Secondary Tertiary




Country Primary(Agriculture) Secondary(Industry) Tertiary(Services)Egypt 13.2% 38.7% 48.1%Indonesia 14.4% 48.1% 37.5%

Philippines 14.7% 31.6% 53.7%

Source: CIA fact book.If we observe the diagram we can see that developing country Indonesia contribute

more on industry sector compare to other two developing countries. That indicates they

are developed in secondary sector. However if we observe the condition of Philippines

we can see that they emphasize on agriculture and service sector compare to other two

which indicates they are developed in primary and tertiary sectors. In the case of GDP

contribution, Egypt is developed in secondary sector compare to Philippines and tertiary

sector compare to Indonesia.

EgyptIndonesia

Philippines

13.214.4

14.7

38.748.1

31.6

48.1

37.5

53.7


Primary Secondary Tertiary



Comparison between Different Regions

Country Primary(Agriculture) Secondary(Industry) Tertiary(Services)Japan 1.5% 26.3% 72.3%Germany 0.9% 30.1% 69.1%USA 1.2 19.2% 79.6%Egypt 13.2% 38.7% 48.1%Indonesia 14.4% 48.1% 37.5%Philippines 14.7% 31.6% 53.7%Bangladesh 19.1% 28.6% 52.3%Nepal 32.5% 16.6% 50.9%Kenya 23.8% 16.7% 59.5%


From the diagram we can see differences between developed, developing &

underdeveloped countries of the world. Most of the countries earn most of the money

from the service sectors. In developed countries Tertiary Sector contributes the most.

However, primary sector contributes the most in the case of underdeveloped countries.

Their GDP is highly dependent on the Primary activities. On the other hand the

developed countries contribute very few in primary sectors and they earn highest GDP

from the secondary sectors.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Comparison of Different Sectors to GDP

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary



Per Capita Income

Developed Countries

Country Per Capita Income

Japan $38,210

Germany $42,440

USA $47,580


If we see the previous figure we can see that per capita income of the United States is

higher than Japan and Germany. After USA, Germany and Japan come respectively.

That indicates the standard of living of the people of the United States is better than

Japan and Germany.

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

$40,000

$45,000

$50,000

Japan

Germany

USA





Egypt $1,800

Indonesia $2,010 Philippines $1,890


If we see the previous figure we can see that per capita income of the Indonesia is

higher than Philippines and Egypt. After Indonesia, Philippines and Egypt come

respectively. That indicates the standard of living of the people of the Indonesia is better

than Philippines and Egypt.

$1,650

$1,700

$1,750

$1,800

$1,850

$1,900

$1,950

$2,000

$2,050

Egypt

Indonesia

Philippines



Underdeveloped Countries


Bangladesh $520

Nepal $400 Kenya $770


If we witness the previous figure we can see that per capita income of the Kenya is

higher than Bangladesh and Nepal. After Kenya, Bangladesh and Nepal come

respectively. That indicates the standard of living of the people of the Kenya is better

than Bangladesh and Nepal.

$0

$100

$200

$300

$400

$500

$600

$700

$800

$900

Bangladesh

Nepal

Kenya



Comparison of Per Capita Income of Different Regions

Countries Per Capita IncomeJapan $38,210

Germany $42,440

USA $47,580

Egypt $1,800

Indonesia $2,010

Philippines $1,890

Bangladesh $520

Nepal $400

Kenya $770


If compare between three regions such as developed, underdeveloped and developing

countries we can observe that the per capita income of developed countries is higher

than under developed and developing countries which indicates the standard of living of

the people of developed countries are better than the standard of living of the people of

developing and under developed countries.

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

$25,000

$30,000

$35,000

$40,000

$45,000

$50,000

Japan

Germany

USA

Egypt

IndonesiaPhillipines

Bangladesh

Nepal

Kenya



Trading Features

Country Export Import BalanceJapan $746.5 Billion $708.3 billion $38.2 billion Germany $1.498 trillion $1.232 trillion $266 billion

USA $1.277 trillion $2.117 trillion -

$840 billion Egypt $29.85 billion $56.62 billion -$26.77 billion Indonesia $139.3 billion $116 billion $23.3 billion Philippines $48.2 billion $60.78 billion -$12.58 billion Bangladesh $15.44 billion $21.51 billion -$6.079 billion Nepal $868 million $3.229 billion -$2.361 billion Kenya $5.04 billion $10.69 billion -$5.65 billion


($1,000)

($500)

$0

$500

$1,000

$1,500

$2,000

$2,500

ExportImport

Balance



If we perceive the trading feature diagram, we can observe that the trading condition of

developed countries is better than the trading condition of under developed and

developing countries. At first we can come to the point of developed countries. The

balance of trade of Japan and Germany are positive. Although the balance of trade of

the United States is negative, but their export and import is very high. If we see the

condition of developing countries named Indonesia, we can observe that their export

and import are lower than developed countries although the balance of trade of

Indonesia is positive. Other two developing countries named Philippines and Egypt is in

a very bad condition in the case of trade. The under developed countries are in a great

trouble in the case of trade. They have very poor quantities of exports and imports and

their balance of trade is negative.

Conclusion

Finally, if we analyze the whole stuff of three regions we can find that the developed

countries are in the most advantaged and tenable position in the case of economic

development. They have the capacity to face any kinds of financial crisis if they

countenance because of the strong position of their economy. On the other hand

developing and under developed countries are in a worst position comparing to

developed countries because they do not have enough economical power or strong

economy. Their trading feature, per capita income and economical features are too

much lower than the developed countries. If anyone observes this whole report

properly, I believe it will be possible to understand the factual condition of the economy

of the entire world with no trouble. Moreover we have also mentioned that how can we

identify that a country is developed, developing and underdeveloped on the basis of per

capita income. Because of per capita income people of developed countries are

enjoying high standard of living compare to other regions¶ countries. Another important

fact is that the developing and underdeveloped countries can follow developed

countries to make their economy strong enough. They can more focus on the industrial

development like the developed.



References

1. CIA: The World Fact Book, Bangladesh

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html

2. CIA: The World Fact Book, Nepal

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/np.html

3. CIA: The World Fact Book, Kenya

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ke.html

4. CIA: The World Fact Book, Indonesiahttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/id.html

5. CIA: The World Fact Book, Philippines

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rp.html

6. CIA: The World Fact Book, Egypt

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/eg.html

7. CIA: The World Fact Book, USA

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html

8. CIA: The World Fact Book, Japan

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html

9. CIA: The World Fact Book, Germany

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gm.html

completed geo101 assignment

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