complete streets design examples - gsmsummit 2014,tom errico
DESCRIPTION
Why plan for growth and change, when it seems so much easier to simply react? When there is a distinct and shared vision for your community - when residents, businesses and local government anticipate a sustainable town with cohesive and thriving neighborhoods - you have the power to conserve your beautiful natural spaces, enhance your existing downtown or Main Street, enable rural areas to be productive and prosperous, and save money through efficient use of existing infrastructure. This is the dollars and sense of smart growth. Success is clearly visible in Maine, from the creation of a community-built senior housing complex and health center in Fort Fairfield to conservation easements creating Forever Farms to Rockland's revitalized downtown. Communities have options. We have the power to manage our own responses to growth and change. After all, “Planning is a process of choosing among those many options. If we do not choose to plan, then we choose to have others plan for us.” - Richard I. Winwood And in the end, this means that our children and their children will choose to make Maine home and our economy will provide the opportunities to do so. The Summit offers you a wonderful opportunity to be a part of the transformative change in Maine that we’ve seen these gatherings produce. We encourage you to consider the value of being actively involved in growing Maine’s economy and protecting the reasons we choose to live here.TRANSCRIPT
Complete Streets Design Examples
GrowSmart Maine October 21, 2014
1
Road Diets/Road Retrofits
3
There’s room; it needs to be recaptured
4
City of Belfast
5
City of Belfast
6
City of Belfast
Narrower Travel Lanes
• AASHTO Green Book allows narrower lanes:
– 9’ on local residential streets
– 10’ on low speed arterials & collectors
– 11’ for streets with trucks
7
Lane Width Adjustment
Lane Width Adjustment
Facility Selection
• Bicycle Lanes
OK to reduce travel lane
10 and 11-foot lanes are just as safe as 12-foot lanes on urban arterials with posted speeds less than 45 mph
18 – 49% crash reduction (ITE)
Convert 4-Lane Road to 3-Lane including Center Turn Lane
How to Make Room: Road Diets
State Street– Augusta, Maine
State Street– Augusta, Maine
Park Avenue– Portland, Maine
Park Avenue– Portland, Maine
Beth Condon Path- Yarmouth, Maine
Beth Condon Path- Yarmouth, Maine
Congress Street - Portland
Congress Street - Portland
Congress Street - Portland
Roadway Classification vs.
Context-Based
22
Should street width be based on classification?
Functional classification doesn’t
adequately describe the street’s role
in a community
These 3 streets are “arterials” yet
look, feel and perform very
differently:
North Windham, Maine
Bath Road Master Plan (Route 1) Wiscasset, Maine
Route 1-Wiscasset, Maine
Route 1-Wiscasset, Maine
Speed Matters
• Drivers’ field of vision & ability to see pedestrians
• Drivers’ ability to react and avoid a crash
• Crash severity
Speed affects:
27
Speed Affects Crash Severity
High speeds lead to greater chance of serious injury & death
Doubling the speed from 20 mph to 40 mph reduces the survivability from 95% to just 15%
28
Speed Affects Crash Severity
29
Route 9 – Biddeford, Maine
Route 9 – Biddeford, Maine
Intersection Design
They drive fast,
Effect of large radius on drivers
ignoring pedestrians
• Large corner radii:
Allow high-speed
turns by cars
-Less likely to yield
-Injury severity
Tighten Corner Curb Radii
• Large corner radii:
– Increase crossing
distance
– Require longer
signal time
Tighten Corner Curb Radii
Eliminate free flow turns across
crosswalks/bikeways Designing Streets for Pedestrian Safety – Interchanges & roundabouts 7-10
… they are difficult for pedestrians to cross… they are difficult for pedestrians to cross
Avoid freeAvoid free--flow movements…flow movements…
Asheville NC
Free Flow Right Turn Lanes
Franklin St. – Radius Adjustment
Franklin St. – Radius Adjustment
Park and St. John – Radius Adjustment
Park and St. John – Radius
Adjustment
Washington/Chapman – Portland, ME
Pedestrian Facilities
Rectangular Rapid Flash LED Beacon
►Beacon is yellow, rectangular, and has a rapid “stutter” flash
►Beacon located between the warning sign and the arrow plaque
►Must be pedestrian activated (pushbutton or passive)
►Studies indicate motorist yielding rates increased from 18.2% to 81.2% for 2 beacons and to 87.8% for 4 beacons
►Interim approval from FHWA in July 2008
43
Marginal Way – Portland, Maine
Curb Extensions
Curb Extensions
•Reduces Pedestrian Crossing Distance
•Increases pedestrian visibility
•Prevents vehicle enchroachment on crosswalk
•Encourages slower speeds by tightening corner
radii
•Provides improved opportunity for ADA Ramps
Anderson St. Neighborhood By-Way
Maine Street - Brunswick
Mid-Block Crossing
Mid-Block Crossing
Congress Street - Portland
Falmouth Sidewalk/Crosswalk
Falmouth Sidewalk/Crosswalk
Traffic Signals
Pedestrian count-down signal tells pedestrians
how much crossing time is left
Countdown Clocks
55
Results from San Francisco:
25% Crash Reduction Factor after countdown signals installed
Countdown Clocks
56
Route 1 - Wiscasset
Shorten Cycle Lengths
Reduces Overall
Pedestrian Wait
Times
Lead Pedestrian Interval
Lead Pedestrian Interval
Lead Pedestrian Interval
LPIs increase the visibility of crossing pedestrians and give
them priority within the intersection.
LPIs have been shown to reduce pedestrian-vehicle
collisions as much as 60% at treated intersections.
LPIs typically require adjustments to existing signal timing
that are relatively low cost compared to other
countermeasures.
Other Traffic Signal Considerations
Prioritize Walking, Bicycling, and Transit
Keep the Number of Signal Phases to a Minimum
Time Signals to the Speed you Intend Traffic to Go
Adjust Timing for Peak and Off-Peak Volumes
Use FixedTime Signals as Opposed to Actuated
Signals
Thank you!
QUESTIONS?
64
Tom Errico, PE Senior Associate
T.Y. Lin International Falmouth, ME