complete rizal

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Learning Objectives: Genealogy of Rizal Rizal’s early childhood Political awakening of the family Rizal’s education in the Philippines Elementary education Education in Ateneo Education in UST Departure to Spain

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Page 1: Complete Rizal

Learning Objectives:

• Genealogy of Rizal• Rizal’s early childhood• Political awakening of the family• Rizal’s education in the Philippines– Elementary education– Education in Ateneo– Education in UST

• Departure to Spain

Page 2: Complete Rizal
Page 3: Complete Rizal

Francisco Rizal Mercado y Alejandro • Biñan Laguna• May 11 , 1818• Latin and Philosophy in

College of San Jose• January 5, 1898 age of 80• “a model of fathers”• Married Teodora on June

28, 1848

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Teodora Alonza y Quintos

• Manila• November 8, 1826• College of Santa

Rosa• August 16, 1911

age of 85

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The Rizal ChildrenSaturnina (1850 – 1913)• Neneng• Manuel T. Hidalgo (husband)

Paciano (1851-1930)• Joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat

General • After Revolution he retired and became a farmer• Died on April 13, 1930 aged 79• Had 2 children by his mistress Severina Decena

Narcisa (1852-1939)• Pet name : SISA• Married Antonio Lopez

Page 6: Complete Rizal

Olimpia (1855 – 1887)• Ypia (pet name)• Married Silvestre Ubaldo – telegraph operator from Manila

Lucia (1857 – 1919)• Married Mariano Herbosa• Died in cholera and was denied Christian because he

was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal

Maria (1859-1945)• Biang was her nickname• Married Daniel Faustino Cruz

Page 7: Complete Rizal

Conception (1862 – 1865)• Her pet name was Concha• Died in sickness at the age of 3• Her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life

Josefa (1865 – 1945)• Her pet name was Panggoy• Died an old maid at the age of 80

Trinidad (1868 – 1951)• Trining was her pet name• Died an old maid at the age of 83

Soledad (1870 – 1929)• Youngest of the Rizal Children• her pet name was Chleng• Married Panteleon Quintero of Calamba

Page 8: Complete Rizal

• Domingo Lameo (great-grandfather)– Chinese immigrant from Fukien City of

Changchow–Married Ines de la Rosa • Francisco Mercado (Biñan Laguna)–Gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor)–Married Cirila Bercacha»Juan Mercado (Rizals grandfather)• Gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor)• Married Cirila Alejandro• 13 children ; Francisco Mercado

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•MERCADO•RIZAL–Alcalde mayor

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• June 19, 1861• June 22, 1861 •Father Rufino Collantes•Father Pedro Casanas

• “Jose”• Negrito, Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, japanese and Spanish

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Childhood years in Calamba

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Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonzo Realonda

• Date of Birth:– June 19, 1861

• Place of Birth: – Calamba Laguna

• Father:– Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y

Alejandro• Mother:– Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y

Quintos (Rizal’s first teacher)

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• June 22, 1861– Jose Rizal was baptized.

• At Catholic of Calamba• Rev. Ruffino Collantes

– The parish priest.• Rev. Pedro Casañas

– His godfather

• September 28, 1862– The parochial church of Calamba and the canonical books,

including the book in which Rizal’s baptismal records were entered, were burned.

• 1864– Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother

• 1865– When he was four years old, his sister Conception, the

eight child in the Rizal family, died at the age of three.

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• 1865-1867– He learned to read and write• Taught by his mother.

– He learned the basic Latin.• Taught by Leon Monroy.

– He developed a great admiration for the beauty of nature• Taught by Uncle Manuel Alberto.

– Love for education was inculcated in his mind.• Inculcated by Uncle Gregorio

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• June 6, 1868– Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill the

vow made by his mother to take the child to the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo.

• 1869– At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem

entitled "Sa Aking Mga Kabata.“• written in tagalog• theme: "Love of One’s Language."

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Political Awakening of the Family

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Reasons that Awakened Rizal• The education he received in universities• His family’s experience– The false accusations against his mother.

• The sacrifice of the three priests, GomBurZa.– Fr. Mariano Gomez– Fr. Jose Burgos– Fr. Jacinto Zamora

• priests who believed the reform of the priesthood and the Catholic Church in the Philippines, were executed. The execution stirred Rizal’s political awakening and awareness of being part of one nation.

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• He became a part of the “Propaganda”.– an organization founded in Europe in the 1880s

by ilustrados or middle class elite who sought reforms in the colonial administration.

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• He introduced his famous and widely read novels due to colonial abuse in order to awaken the nation from its long and deep sleep.– Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me

Not) – El Filibusterismo (The

Subversive)• The Spanish authorities banned

his novels, branding them as subversive because it was critical of the frailocracy and the colonial administration.

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Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

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• had his early education in Calamba and Biñan• characterized by the four R’s-reading, writing,

arithmetic, and religion• was able to acquire the necessary instruction

preparatory for college work in Manila.

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The Hero’s First Teacher

• The first teacher of Rizal was his mother,• he learned at the age of three the alphabet

and the prayers. "My mother,"• parents employed private tutors to give him

lessons at home.• -Maestro Celestino• -Maestro Lucas Padua• -Leon Monroy (former classmate of Rizal’s

father, became the boy's tutor.)

Page 23: Complete Rizal

First Day in Biñan School • the school of Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz• school was in the house of the teacher, which was a

small nipa hut about 30meters from the home of Jose’s aunt

• Best Student in School• In academic studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys. He

surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects

• Some of his older classmates were jealous of his intellectual superiority.

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Early Schooling in Biñan

• the age of seven he traveled with his father for the first time to Manila and thence to Antipolo

• When he was nine years old, his father sent him to Biñan to continue studying Latin,

• Justiniano Aquino Cruz. His teacher in Biñan, a severe disciplinarian

• Jose distinguished himself in class, and succeeded in surpassing many of his older classmates

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Martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za January 20, 1872

• -200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the lamadrid , Filipino sergeant rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition of the usual privileges [suppressed after two days

• -February 17 1872 at sunrise they were executed• -Paciano was enraged by the execution of Burgos• -the martyrdom of the Gom-Bur-Za inspired Rizal to

fight against the evils of Spanish tyranny

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Scholastic triumphs at Ateneo de Manila

(1872-1877)

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• Ateneo Municipal – a college under the supervision of the

Spanish Jesuits– Formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity

school)

• Rizal Enters the Ateneo– June 10, 1872 – College of San Juan de

Letran

• Father Magin Ferrando– College registrar refused to admit Jose

for 2 reasons:• Late for registration• Was sickly and undersized for his age

• Manuel Xeres Burgos

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• Jesuit System of Education– Roman Empire

• Composed of Internos (boarders)

– Carthaginian Empire• Composed of externos (non – boarders)

• Emperor (Best student in each row)• Tribune (2nd)• Decurion (3rd)• Centurion (4th)• Standard-bearer (5th)• * could lose his position if he committed 3 mistakes• BANNER

– Red for the Romans– Blue for Catharginians

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RIZAL’S FIRST YEAR IN ATENEO (1872 – 73)

• Fr. Jose Bech• Jose Rizal took private lesson in Santa Isabel

College during the noon recess and paid 3 pesos for each lessons

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• His Favorite Books– ‘Count of Monte Cristo’ (Alexander Dumas)– ‘Travels in the Philippines’ (Dr. Feodor Jagor)– ‘Universal History’ (Cesar Cantu)

• Fr. Sanchez• Considered best professor in Ateneo

• March 23, 1877– Commencement day– Receie the degree of Bachelor of Arts

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• SCULPTURAL WORKS IN ATENEO

• Virgin Mary–Batikuling (philippine hardwood)

• Father Lleonart–Requested to carve for him an

image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus

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POEMS WRITTEN IN ATENEO

• Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration)–Dedicated to his mother oh her

birthday

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FIRST ROMANCE of RIZAL

• Segunda Katigbak–14 year old Batanguena from

Lipa–La Concordia College

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Medical studies at the University of Santo Tomas(1877-1882)

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• His mother was opposed to higher education• In April 1877-Rizal entered the university

taking the course on Philosophy and Letters• 2 reasons: -His father liked it

-He is uncertain as to what career to pursue

• First term- he studied Cosmology, Metaphysics , Theodicy and History of Philosophy.(1877-78)

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• The following term (1878-79)-he took up the medical course

• Reasons: -He wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness.-Father Pablo Ramon, Rector of Ateneo, recommended the course.

• In 1878 Rizal finishes his Surveying course in Ateneo (perito agrimensor/ expert surveyor)

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Romances with other girls.• Segunda Katigbak-First love• Miss “L” in Calamba-• Leonor Valenzuela (Orang-pet name)-Pagsanjan • Leonor Rivera (his cousin from Camiling)-engaged to

Rizal • -----------------------------• Consuelo Ortiga-Madrid• Seiko Usui/ O Sei-san- Japan• Nelly Boustead-France• Josephine Bracken- Ireland • Gertrude Beckett- London• Suzanne Jacoby-Belgium

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Segunda Katigbak

Suzzane Jocoby

“Petite Suzzane” Josephine Bracken

Consuelo Ortiga

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Champion of the Filipino Students

• Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their frequent fights against arrogant Spanish students.

• Founded a secret society called Companerismo/ Comradeship

• Whose members are called Companions of Jehu

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Unhappy days at UST

• The Dominican professors were hostile to him.• Filipino students were racially discriminated.• Method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.• His grades in the first year of the philosophy course

were all excellent, BUT they were not impressive in the four years of his medical course.

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Philosophy & Letters

Medicine-1st yr Medicine-2ndyr Medicine-3rdyr Medicine- 4thyr

Cosmology & MetaphysicsExcellent

PhysicsFair

Anatomy IIGood

General PathologyFair

Medical PathologyVery good

TheodicyExcellent

ChemistryExcellent

Dissection IIGood

TherapeuticsExcellent

Surgical PathologyVery good

History of PhilosophyExcellent

Natural HistoryGood

PhysiologyGood

SurgeryGood

ObstetricsVery good

Anatomy IGood

Private HygieneGood

Dissection Igood

Public HygieneGood

Page 43: Complete Rizal

Decision to study abroad

• He could no longer endure the rampant prejudice, discrimination, and hostility in UST

• His brother approved of his decision

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In sunny Spain (1882-1885)

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• After finishing his medical course in UST, Jose Rizal decided to complete his studies in Spain.

• His departure was kept secret• On May 3 ,1882 , he travelled to Singapore (a

Spanish steamer “Salvador”), then to Colombo (a French steamer “Djemnah”), then through the Suez Canal, Naples and Marseilles. Until he reached Barcelona on June 16, 1882.

• Welcomed by Filipinos in Barcelona.

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• November 3, 1882-Rizal enrolled at Universidad Central de Madrid

• Took two courses: Medicine and Philosophy & Letters.

• Also studied – painting and sculpture at “Academy of Fine Arts of San

Francisco– German, French, English– Fencing and Shooting

• Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino-a society of Spaniards and Filipinos

Universidad Central de Madrid

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• Rizal completed his studies at Universidad Central de Madrid on June 21, 1884

• The next academic year (1884-85) he studied and passed all subjects to the degree of Doctor of Medicine

• But due to not passing his thesis required for graduation nor paying the corresponding fee, Rizal was not awarded his Doctor’s diploma.

Page 48: Complete Rizal

5th year (1882-1883) 6th year (1883-1884)Medical Clinic IGood

Medical Clinic IIGood

Surgical Clinic IGood

Surgical Clinic IIVery Good

Obstetrical ClinicFairLegal MedicineExcellent

Continuation of Medical course in the UST

*Licentiate in Medicine awarded on June 21, 1884 with the rating of “FAIR”

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Doctorate (1884-85)History of Medical Science----- Fair

Surgical Analysis-------Good

Normal Histology------ Excellent

*DOCTOR OF MEDICINE (NOT AWARDED)*

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• Rizal finished his studies in Philosophy & letters with higher grades.

• He was awarded of Licentiate in Philosophy & Letters by the Universidad Central de Madrid on June 19, 1885 (his 24th birthday). He became qualified to be a professor of humanities in any Spanish university.

• By receiving his degree of Licentiate in Medicine he became a full-fledge physician

Page 51: Complete Rizal

Questions!• What is the complete name of Jose Rizal?• How many siblings does he have?• Who was his first teacher?• His first poem?• What are the four R’s?• Reason why Rizal took up a medical course?• First love of Rizal?• Where did the family name, Mercado was

derived from?