complete magna international bi-toroid transformer tests july 10th & 11th, 2009
TRANSCRIPT
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
Potential + / - Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
For
Magna International
Prepared for: Dave Pascoe – Magna International
Prepared by: Thane Heins - PDI
Date: July 15th
, 2009
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
The Bi-Toroid Transformer is designed to convert Reactive Power to Real Power.
This is accomplished by introducing an additional secondary coil and alternate
flux path route – keeping the primary coil isolated from the secondary induced
BEMF magnetic fluxes
The extra energy required to produce a transformer that operates at over 100% efficiency
comes from the fact that the two secondary coils self regulate their own flux required to
maintain the voltage across the load and the primary coil is unaffected by secondary load.
Transformer
Type
TEST # 1
Efficiency
TEST # 2
Efficiency
TEST #3
Efficiency
TEST #4
Efficiency
TEST #5
Efficiency
TEST #6
Efficiency
Conventional
E I Type
-
-
-
74%
-
-
Bi-Toroid
191%
310%
989%
-
406%
304%
Table 1 Conventional Transformer vs Bi-Toroid Transformer Efficiency Comparison
The table above shows the efficiency variations for the Bi-Toroid Transformer during the
period of July 10th
to July 18th, 2009.
TEST #1 employs a “split” primary core – where an “artificial” air gap is inserted to
increase core reluctance.
TEST #2 employs a solid core – where the core is just sitting on the secondary core – also
facilitating an air gap and higher reluctance between the primary core and secondary
core.
TEST #3 employs a solid core (slightly thicker than test #2) which is physically clamped
to the secondary core – thus removing as much air gap as possible. A new primary coil is
included in the test which has the same wire gauge and coil resistance as test #2.
TEST #4 is a Conventional Transformer.
TEST #5 employs a 10 ohm load in place of the 27 ohm load.
TEST #6 is includes additional windings on Secondary #1.
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST # 1 Split Primary Core
Fig. 1 TEST # 1 New “Split” Primary and Secondary 1 & 2 - July 10th, 2009
Fig. 2 Primary Input Voltage Fig. 3 Primary Input Current &
Output Voltage
TEST DATA #1 July 10th
, 2009
Primary Input Voltage = 57.7 volts
Primary Input Current = 0.026 amps
Power Factor = 83.3 degrees / 0.116
Primary Input Power = 174 mW
Secondary Output Voltage = 3.0 volts
Secondary Load = 27 ohms
Secondary Output Power = 333 mW
Efficiency = 191%
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
Fig. 4 & 5 Voltage & Current Sine Waves – Power Factor = 0.116 / 83.3 degrees
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST # 2 Solid Primary Core
Fig. 6 TEST # 2 New Primary “Solid” Core – JULY 11th
, 2009
Fig. 7 Primary Input Current & Output Voltage
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST DATA # 2 July 11th
, 2009
Primary Input Voltage = 58.8 volts
Primary Input Current = 0.017 amps
Power Factor = 83.3 degrees / 0.116
Primary Input Power = 115 mW
Secondary Output Voltage = 3.1 volts
Secondary Load = 27 ohms
Secondary Output Power = 356 mW
Efficiency = 310%
Fig. 8 Voltage & Current Sine Waves Power Factor = 0.116 / 83.3 degrees
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST # 3 Hard Physical Primary Connection
Fig. 9 TEST # 3 New Primary Core “Hard Physical Connection” – JULY 13th, 2009
Fig. 10 Primary Input Current & Output Voltage
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST DATA # 3 July 13th
, 2009
Primary Input Voltage = 104.7 volts
Primary Input Current = 0.001 amps
Power Factor = 70 degrees / 0.34
Primary Input Power = 36 mW
Secondary Output Voltage = 3.1 volts
Secondary Load = 27 ohms
Secondary Output Power = 356 mW
Efficiency = 989%
Fig. 11 Voltage & Current Sine Waves - Power Factor = 0.34 / 70 degrees
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST # 4 Conventional Transformer Efficiency
Fig. 12 TEST # 4 Conventional Transformer Input Voltage – JULY 15th
, 2009
Fig. 13 Primary Input Current & Output Voltage
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST DATA # 4 July 15th
, 2009
Primary Input Voltage = 2.71 volts
Primary Input Current = 0.200 amps
Power Factor = 18 degrees / 0.95
Primary Input Power = 516 mW
Secondary Output Voltage = 3.2 volts
Secondary Load = 27 ohms
Secondary Output Power = 379 mW
Efficiency = 73.5%
Fig. 14 Voltage & Current Sine Waves - Power Factor = 0.95 / 18 degrees
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST # 5 Ten Ohm Load Test
Fig. 15 TEST # 5 Bi-Toroid Transformer Input Voltage 10 Ohm Load – JULY 17th
, 2009
Fig. 16 Primary Input Current & Output Voltage
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST DATA # 5 July 16th
, 2009
Primary Input Voltage = 120.9 volts
Primary Input Current = 0.005 amps
Power Factor = 84 degrees / 0.10
Primary Input Power = 63 mW
Secondary Output Voltage = 1.6 volts
Secondary Load = 10 ohms
Secondary Output Power = 256 mW
Efficiency = 406%
Fig. 17 Voltage & Current Sine Waves - Power Factor = 0.10 / 84 degrees
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST # 6 Ten Ohm Load Test NEW SECONDARY 1 WINDINGS
Fig. 18 TEST # 6 Bi-Toroid Transformer Input Voltage 10 Ohm Load – JULY 18th
, 2009
Fig. 19 Primary Input Current & Output Voltage
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST DATA # 6 July 18th
, 2009
Primary Input Voltage = 119.9 volts
Primary Input Current = 0.006 amps
Power Factor = 80 degrees / 0.17
Primary Input Power = 125 mW
Secondary Output Voltage = 2.22 volts
Secondary Load = 10 ohms
Secondary Output Power = 493 mW
Efficiency = 394%
Fig. 20 Voltage & Current Sine Waves - Power Factor = 0.17 / 80 degrees
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
TEST # 7 Test Equipment Accuracy Confirmations
Fig 21 Load Voltage across 27 Ohm Load
Fig 22 Load Current through 27 Ohm Load
TEST DATA #7 July 16th
, 2009
Load Voltage = 3 volts
Load Resistance = 27.5 ohms
Calculated Load Current = 0.109 amps
Metered Load Current = 0.111 amps
Meter Error = 1.8%
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
Fig. 23 Voltage & Current Sine Waves - Power Factor = 0.36 / 69 degrees
Potential +/- Difference Inc.
Bi-Toroid Transformer Tests
July 18, 2009
Fig. 26 Voltage & Current Sine Waves - Power Factor = 0.05 / 87 degrees