• BCA Green Mark Scheme launched in Jan 2005 as an initiative to drive Singapore’s construction industry towards more environment-friendly buildings

• Assessment criteria:Energy EfficiencyWater EfficiencyEnvironmental Protection Indoor Environmental QualityOther Green Features and Innovation

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

• Located at Telok Blangah• Despite being situated on Singapore’s prime

waterfront land, the area was only bustling on days when major fairs & exhibitions were held.

• Even then, the waterfront promenade was mostly deserted and exhibition facilities were generating low investment returns

“The area with World Trade Centre and exhibition halls”

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

• Singapore’s largest retail & lifestyle destination.• Over 12 hectares of shops and spaces for waterfront relaxation.

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

• World-renowned Japanese architect, Toyo Ito, was recommended to design Vivocity

• Interesting to get a Japanese to do a retail project from an Asian perspective

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Toyo Ito’s Sketch

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Design Intention

• Height constraints• Depth

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

1. Height Constraints• Preserve the views of the water and Sentosa

Island from Mount Faber: retail spaces to fit within 3 storeys

Terracing the roof & curving the building form facing the water maximises the vantage points of an otherwise flat site; creates the coherence between the building & environment

• Majority of the retail outlets were kept to Levels One and Two

• Construct 2 underground levels for car park space & additional commercial space at basement 2

1. Height Constraints

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

• Create vertical space: Skypark is created on the rooftop to maximize site area

1. Height Constraints

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

2. Depth

• Most shopping malls have shallow sites • Main concern: difficulty of channeling

pedestrian traffic effectively from mrt station at Telok Blangah road to the waterfront 280m to the south of the site without being disoriented.

A layout that would lead them intuitively to the waterfront

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

• Distinctive shopfronts & features e.g spiral wall structures and skylights reduce load on the roof slab while letting in ample natural light into the vast interior

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

2. Depth

• Play Court as an interactive play area for kids is surrounded by family related outlets reduces ineffective circulation space & minimises the no. of secondary corridors

• Large flagships positioned in strategic locations to tie the large expanse of space into one integrated shopping area.

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Structural System• Terraced roof • Curved building form• Structural wave-like forms and

natural elements and large event spaces, including:

• outdoor amphitheatre• 20,000ft2

• open plaza• 300m waterfront Promenade

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Key Elements of Structural System

The Surf Roof The Feature Wall

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

• Structure covers an area of 25,000m2

• Not a continuous element

• Made up of 6 pieces of independent roof structures spread out across the roof deck.

The Surf Roof

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

The Feature Wall• Structure covers an area of

18,000m 2

• Main structure formed by curvelinear steels and shotcrete

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Construction System

VersiJack • support of pavers, beams and

decking

• efficient lightweight alternative to brick, metal and timber

• manufactured from 100% recycled plastics.

• reduces sound transmission, improves heat insulation

• permitting waterproofing membrane to be easily accessed for inspection or maintenance

Roof gardens, water fountain features, platforms

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Construction System

VersiWeb® • Retain infill

• Enhances drainage

• Eliminates hydrostatic pressure

• Controls erosion as the cells protect movement of the infill

• Resist lateral pressure and movement

Free standing walls

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Construction System• Adjacent to the sea and subjected to chloride attack - In need of a high-performance waterproofing product for

the basement structure.

• 45’000 m3 of concrete have been successfully waterproofed with Penetron Admix.

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Construction System Surf Roof

The challenge:• Erratic rains cause surface to be wet• Bringing the big Reaku spray machine onto the free-form surf roof• Drip marks at vertical sides of roof• Keeping building cool• Shrinkage cracks appearing on topping screed• Interfacing between surf roof and feature walls

The solution: CONIROOF M800

• Crack-bridging roof waterproofing system• Application is by special spray machine• Speed and ease of installation as well as seamless

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Building Services

• A destination for retail, entertainment and lifestyle

• Sentosa Monorail Station

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Building Services• Vertical transportation core links

the various transportation nodes at each level compactly

• This core consists of lifts and escalators located strategically

• Customer service counters strategically located at Levels 1 and 2 of this key vertical node for easy access

• Sheltered taxi drop-offs points

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Fire Protection System

• Automatic sprinklers on the ceilings

• Automatic fire alarm system• Fire hose reel• Fire extinguisher

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Smoke And Day To Day Ventilation System

• Comprising Smokemaster Smoke Curtains and Kameleon Corridor glazed ventilators in the mall to contain and evacuate heat and smoke.

Day to day natural ventilation

Smoke control inside the mall Natural Ventilation installed inside the roof

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Soil Erosion

CO2 Emissions

Waste

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

• Main Contractor: Penta Ocean

• Corporate Social Responsibility Policy

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

Less Noise Pollution– Usage of materials i.e.

Glass reinforced concrete (GRC) generates less noise on site

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

Concrete Steel

VivoCity 180,000m3 700 tonnes

FIFA World Cup Stadium

22,000m3 22,000 tonnes

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

• Reduce vehicle traffic– As a Major Transport Hub housing

the MRT lines - NEL, Circle Line & Sentosa Express, visitors can completely rely on public transport

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

• Reduce vehicle traffic– Seamless integration of MRT

entrance with basement of mall– Strong & coherent linkages with

rest of Harbourfront Precinct

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

Electricity savings• Skylights allow diffused natural lighting to illuminate building interior, reducing artificial light usage• Light oscillations: 20-80% instead of uniform bright light

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Skylights

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

Electricity savings• Energy savings escalator• Switch on air conditioning only 45 mins before opening hrs

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

Electricity savings of 30% savings in water & electricity consumption (BCA Green Mark Platinum Award)

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

• Efficient drainage system and water reuse– Greenery & VersiCell

drainage modules filter off, rapidly capture and transport excess rainwater for toilet flushing or landscape irrigation

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

VersiCell Drainage Modules

Sky Park: Landscape

Garden

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

• Heat/sound insulation– Rooftop greenery: reduce

ambient temperature by 2 deg celcius

– Mitigate heat island effect

– VersiCell: reduce sound transmission and increase heat insulation.

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Sky Park

Rooftop greenery

VersiCell Drainage Modules

Environmental impact of the green architecture development

• Ventilation System– Evaporative cooling:

mist system at food court help to passively cool the building

– Reduce electricity consumption for air-conditioning

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Hidden Ventilation

System

Dynamic building form“I designed water for the rooftop

garden level at VivoCity, allowing for the simultaneous experience of water and visual assimilation with the sea. The roof of the building is a formal metaphor of a wave, which strongly symbolises water.”

- Toyo Ito, Design Architect

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Waterfront

Play Pools

Dynamic building form“I designed water for the rooftop

garden level at VivoCity, allowing for the simultaneous experience of water and visual assimilation with the sea. The roof of the building is a formal metaphor of a wave, which strongly symbolises water.”

- Toyo Ito, Design Architect

Sea brought further inland

Southern façade flows along promenade

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Dynamic building formFluidity & Dynamism:The Surfing Metaphor penetrates various aspects of the building form, blending organic forms of the environment with the architecture

Surf Roof

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Dynamic building formFluidity & Dynamism:The Surfing Metaphor penetrates various aspects of the building form,

blending organic forms of the environment with the architecture

Feature Walls

Feature Walls

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Fluidity & Dynamism:The Surfing Metaphor

penetrates various aspects of the building form, blending organic forms of the environment with the architecture

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Floor tiling speckled with more of the

colour of the ocean as the waterfront

approaches

Dynamic building form

Dynamic building formFluidity & Dynamism:The Surfing Metaphor penetrates

various aspects of the building form, blending organic forms of the environment with the architecture

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Seaweed Ribbons

Dynamic building formFluidity & Dynamism:The Surfing Metaphor penetrates various aspects of the building form,

blending organic forms of the environment with the architecture

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

3 lines of jets curved into waveforms

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Roof Deck

Landscape roof garden

Surf Roof

Sustainable materials & aesthetic considerations

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Sustainable materials & aesthetic considerations

Roof Deck

Timber

Sustainable materials & aesthetic considerations

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Children Play Pool

Granite

Sustainable materials & aesthetic considerations

Steel

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC)

Steel

Feature Wall

Sustainable materials & aesthetic considerations

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC)

Coarse-grained elongated crystals and fine-grained

needle-like crystals can be seen lining a crack. These

crystals will completely fill up and waterproof the crack.

PENETRON®: Internal Waterproofing Concrete

• Permanent; remain intact even after surface damage.

• increases compressive strength of concrete• more effective and less costly than other

systems such as membranes, clay panels, pore blockers, etc -

• easy to apply and therefore highly labor-cost effective.

Calathea

Dalbergia

Erythrina Coconut Palm

Phoenix Palm

Tembusu

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Sustainable materials & aesthetic considerations

Sustainable materials & aesthetic considerations

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

VersiJackVersiCell

Decking support

Drainage Cells

Interior Layout

52

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Curved Layout- flows and blend in the manner of ocean waves

53 Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Arrangement• Dining outlets equally distributed across the

levels, but concentrated together on each level – Toast box, food junction etc.

• Kids related apparels on 2nd floor• Carpark concentrated on bottom 5 floors• Rooftop water feature sky park

54

Basement 1 - Food outlets eg Giant hypermarket, thai expressLevel 1 - High street fashion brands eg Topshop, Brooks Brothers, GapLevel 2 - Kids related stores eg Toys’r’usLevel 3 - Restaurants, arcade, skypark

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

55

10 Public Event Spaces

Suitable for events, roadshows & exhibitions

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Facilities| Layout & Planning of the Development | Site Context | Aesthetic Considerations | Interior Layout | Architectural Detailing | Learning Points

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

57

Accessibility

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Underground Network LinkagesBasement 2• Connects to Harbourfront MRT station and the Seah Im

Hawker Centre across Telok Blangah Road.

Level 2• Air-conditioned bridges connects to Harbourfront Centre.• Bridge near Cinema links to St James Power Station.

Level 3• Sentosa Express terminal station

58 Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Building material & aesthetic features

59

Materials Properties Benefits/ Uses

Concretestructure

Most durable and sustainable building material

Forms the foundation and main structure of the buildingBeautify building

All wall surfaces in vivo (carpark, shopping) , pillars

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Building material & aesthetic features

60

Materials Properties Benefits/ Uses

Glass Façade Low Emissivity Coatings Reflect radiant infrared energy Allows visible light to pass through

Double Glazed Wall Glass

Contains insulating properties Reduce solar heat gain Keeps external noise level low

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Colour Scheme

61

Colors used Ocean & natural colors

Why? Prevent heat retentionAssociate with sense of energy that’s imbued with surfing themeDisplay signs use bright colors to draw attention.

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Flooring

62

Wood Glossy floor GraniteDistinctive texture & beauty

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Pillars • Provides structural support• Repeated identical cylindrical

columns on all levels of the building.

• Pure white finish which blends with the wall & ceiling

63 Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Railings• Metal handrails• Glass panels• Increase visibility, create a sense of spaciousness• Open concept • Results in opacity and a sense of privacy

64 Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Natural lighting - Double glazed glass

In the DAY, building can be lit up by natural sunlight At NIGHT, light penetrates

from the inside, minimizing need for street lamps

65

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Interior Layout: Ceiling

White ceilings Additional green wave-like ceiling on

main walkways.

- Blends man made materials with nature

- Lighter color reflects light better- Sense of spaciousness

66

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Lighting• Recessed Spotlights

– A mix of round spotlights of various sizes– Bright and focused illumination individually, but as

a whole creates diffused lighting

67 Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Interior design

ONE WITH NATUREFountains• Reconnect with environment• Emotional and therapeutic

benefits that nature provides– Sounds of water– Children’s laughter

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Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

• Special green architectural features

- Skylights

- Waterfront

- Environmental friendly interior

- Integration of mixed development

- Aesthetic considerations

Architectural Detailing

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Skylights

• Portions of the roof where streams of light can enter

• Glass facade• Helps reduce load on the roof slab• Allows ample natural light into the interior

- Reduces the amount of lightings required in the day, increasing energy efficiency- Allows for the night sky to be viewed

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Waterfront

• Areas and extensions where people can stroll, enjoy the scenery and have alfresco dining

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Waterfront

• Extends out from the glass facade, forming a shading device for the building- Prevents direct streaming in of sunlight and heat onto the building- Increase energy efficiency of air-conditioners

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Integration of Mixed Development

• VivoCity functions not only as a shopping mall, but also a place of recreation and relaxation- Play Court- Sky Park

• This integration allows for the optimization of land use in land-constraint Singapore- Increasing land use efficiency

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Integration of Mixed Development

• Play Court- Area for children to interact and play- Optimizes space use

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Integration of Mixed Development

• Sky Park- Relaxation

- Large pool areas serve as a cooling feature for the building which can reduce energy consumption for air conditioning

- Water features are environmentally friendly through a filtration system that ensures water change is kept minimal while maintaining good water hygiene

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental Friendly Interior

• Lightings• Energy-saving escalators

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental Friendly Interior

• Lightings- Non-uniform strips of light oscillate between 20% and 80% brightness in seven-second cycles- This reduces the energy consumption in lightings, allowing for a greener architectural feature

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Environmental Friendly Interior

• Energy-saving Escalators- Escalators will slow down in operation when not in use.- This reduces the load on energy consumption of electricity, saving on both costs and the environment.

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Aesthetic Considerations

• VivoCity boasts a variety of plant species- Vegetated grass mounds on the Sky Park- Some examples of plants are Phoenix Palm, Tembusu and Coconut Palm - Improve overall aesthetical beauty as well as to incorporate lush and greenery

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

Learning Points

• Site Observation• Research Findings

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Site Observation• VivoCity has a large central common space

- Allows for activities such as promotions, exhibitions.- Allows for the maximization of space usage- Attracts crowds and cater to all groups of people

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Site Observation

• Aesthetic Sculptures- Based on the theme, “Belief”.- Flower Tree- Aphrodite’s Roses- There- Snowman- GoGo- Vivo Punch- Snowflakes

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Site Observation

• User-friendly- Spacious walkways : Allows for large crowds of people to walk : Allows accessibility of prams and wheelchairs

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Site Observation

• User-friendly- Ramps integrated into walkway design- Easy navigation : Adequate signages are located strategically at key nodes to provide clear directions to both shop amenities and public transport

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Research Findings

• VivoCity has won numerous awards- Forbes Traveler’s List of the Top 10 Amazing Asian Mega- Malls, 2007- Finalist, Shopping Centres Category, MIPIM Award, 2007- Silver MAXI Awards, 2007- Bronze, Singapore Outdoor Advertising Awards, 2007- Finalist Standing, SPH Ink Awards, 2007- Best Shopping Experience, Singapore Tourism Awards, 2008- Silver, ICSC Asia Shopping Centre Awards, 2008- Skyrise Greenery Award, Singapore Institute of Architects (SIA) and National Park Boards, 2008

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Research Findings

- Silver, MAXI Awards, 2008- Finalist: Best Shopping Experience Category, Singapore Experience Awards 2009- Silver, Universal Design, BCA, 2009- Best Asia Pacific Retail Development, Asia Pacific Commercial

Property Awards 2009- Best Retail Development, Singapore, Asia Pacific Commercial

Property Awards 2009

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Research Findings

• Failure in the use of biotechnology in conservation of water usage in urinals- Resulted in the removal of this technology since 2008

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Points Conclusion

Conclusion

Introduction Layout & Planning Site Context Interior Layout Architectural Design Learning Point Conclusion

References• http://www.mapletreebusinesscity.com/pdf/Press%20Release%20-%20Mapletree%20leads

%20the%20way%20with%202%20Green%20Mark%20Platinum%20Awards.pdf• http://www.vivocity.com.sg/Annex_2_1105.pdf• http://transmaterialasia.wordpress.com/2006/08/29/toyo-ito-master-class-architects-who-

works-with-innovation-and-design-creativity/• http://www.penetron.com/newsletter/jan06/penetron_jan06.htm• http://www.basf-cc.com.sg/en/References/Singapore/Pages/VivoCityShoppingMall.aspx• http://www.coltinfo.sg/projects/vivocity/• http://www.elmich.com.au/versiweb/about.php• http://www.elmich.com.sg/versijack/about.php• http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/green_mark_buildings.html• http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/green_mark_criteria.html