competitiveness trends - overall ireland · basic facts capital land area (square km '000) 70...
TRANSCRIPT
BASIC FACTS
Capital
Land area (square km '000) 702015
Exchange Rate (per $) 0.9022015
Population - market size (millions) 4.642015
51
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 238.02015
39
GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 55,5382015
9
Real GDP growth (%) 7.82015
1
Consumer price inflation (%) -0.032015
18
Unemployment rate (%) 9.442015
49
Labor force (millions) 2.172015
51
Current account balance percentage (%) 4.372015
18
Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 369.22014
17
Direct investment flows inward (%) 45.142015
2
PEER GROUPS RANKINGSEUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AFRICA POPULATIONS < 20 MILLION
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL
IRELANDOVERALL PERFORMANCE Rank
Dublin
CHALLENGES IN 2016Global Economic Growth.
Brexit.
IDA Ireland, Investment and Development Agency
COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
20 17 15 167
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
310
3
48
25
33
12
21
5
15
1
19 18
62
40
19 21
1318
Dom
estic
Eco
nom
y
Inte
rnat
iona
l Tra
de
Inte
rnat
iona
l Inv
estm
ent
Empl
oym
ent
Pric
es
Publ
ic F
inan
ce
Fisc
al P
olic
y
Inst
itutio
nal F
ram
ewor
k
Busi
ness
Leg
isla
tion
Soci
etal
Fra
mew
ork
Prod
uctiv
ity &
Effi
cien
cy
Labo
r M
arke
t
Fina
nce
Man
agem
ent
Prac
tices
Att
itude
s an
d V
alue
s
Basi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Tec
hnol
ogic
al In
fras
truc
ture
Scie
ntifi
c In
fras
truc
ture
Hea
lth a
nd E
nvir
onm
ent
Educ
atio
n
Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure
1310 9 10
4
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
13 11 10 116
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
• Global Economic Growth.• Brexit.• Potential Increase in Oil Prices.• Exchange Rate Volatility.• Monetary tightening by ECB.
Provided by:IDA Ireland, Investment and Development Agency
IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2015
WCY 2016 DECLINES
WCY 2015
1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita 4.40 7.23 1.5.02 Adjusted consumer price inflation 0.01
1.1.14 Real GDP growth 4.8 7.8 2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.024
2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) -4.11 -2.30 1.2.02 Current account balance percentage 6.20
4.3.18 Number of patents in force 198.4 276.1 3.3.01 Banking sector assets 252.15
1.5.07 Gasoline prices 2.11 1.52 4.4.08 Medical assistance
3.3.05 Banking and financial services 4.50 5.77 2.2.07 Effective personal income tax rate 13.10
3.3.18 Venture capital 4.68 5.95 4.5.03 Public expenditure on education per pupil 28.9
3.3.09 Stock markets 4.54 5.76 1.2.26 Exchange rates 6.73
3.2.04 Remuneration of management 4.3.02 Total expenditure on R&D (%) 1.64
4.1.25 Electricity costs for industrial clients 0.173 0.133 4.3.25 Innovative capacity 7.20
2.3.02 Cost of capital 5.33 6.47 4.2.17 Technological regulation 7.37
2.4.18 Unemployment legislation 4.10 4.95 4.1.17 Water transportation 7.41
3.3.06 Finance and banking regulation 5.41 6.47 4.5.01 Total public expenditure on education 4.7
3.3.07 Financial risk factor 4.88 5.77 4.1.06 Management of cities 7.22
3.3.17 Credit 4.50 5.26 4.5.08 Women with degrees 57.5
The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are
determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.
0.33
14.39
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
IRELAND
COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION
WCY 2016
54.5
KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS
From a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key
attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses
to the lowest.
26.3
6.23
1.52
6.74
6.84
184.57
0.140
4.37
6.98
6.93
4.5
2.4%4.8%7.1%7.1%9.5%14.3%19.0%21.4%31.0%33.3%47.6%64.3%71.4%78.6%88.1%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Access to financingCompetency of governmentEffective legal environment
Quality of corporate governanceReliable infrastructure
Effective labor relationsCost competitiveness
Strong R&D culturePolicy stability & predictability
Open and positive attitudesDynamism of the economy
Business-friendly environmentSkilled workforce
High educational levelCompetitive tax regime
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2015
Domestic Economy 14 International Trade 10 International Investment 4 Employment 51 Prices 22
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2015
Public Finance 39 Fiscal Policy 12 Institutional Framework 24 Business Legislation 4 Societal Framework 16
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2015
Productivity & Efficiency 1 Labor Market 33 Finance 30 Management Practices 16 Attitudes and Values 2
Sub-Factor Rankings : 2015
Basic Infrastructure 41 Technological Infrastructure 21 Scientific Infrastructure 22 Health and Environment 16 Education 19
COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - FACTOR BREAKDOWN
25
2016
33
GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
2016
3 10 3
IRELAND
48
1
12 21 5
15
2016
19 21 13 18
18 6 2
INFRASTRUCTURE
2016
40
BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
19
3726 19 12 6
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
20 17 14 15 13
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
10 134
13
2
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
22 22 2024 23
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Rank1
1
1
2
2
2
4
5
5
6
Rank1
1
1
2
3
3
4
4
5
5
Rank1
1
1
1
2
3
3
3
4
4
Rank3
4
5
5
7
9
10
10
10
10
1.3.08 Direct investment stocks inward (%) 1.5.05 Office rent 42
2.4.07 Investment incentives 2.3.07 Foreign currency reserves per capita 56
1.4.08 Youth unemployment 45
1.2.13 Exports of commercial services (%) 1.4.02 Employment (%) 43
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Infrastructure Infrastructure Rank
4.2.16 Funding for technological development 4.1.25 Electricity costs for industrial clients 40
1.3.02 Direct investment flows abroad (%) 1.2.17 Export concentration by partner 52
1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita 1.2.18 Export concentration by product 47
1.3.06 Direct investment flows inward (%)
3.1.01 Overall productivity (PPP) 3.3.07 Financial risk factor 35
Business Efficiency Business Efficiency Rank
BALANCE SHEET - FACTOR BREAKDOWN
IRELAND
1.3.01 Direct investment flows abroad ($bn) 1.2.25 Tourism receipts 35
Government Efficiency Government Efficiency Rank
2.3.10 Adaptability of government policy
4.2.20 ICT service exports 4.2.04 Communications technology 51
4.2.19 High-tech exports (%) 4.5.18 Language skills 43
4.4.24 Pollution problems 4.4.18 Renewable energies (%) 41
4.5.13 Educational system 4.5.08 Women with degrees 45
4.5.07 Higher education achievement 4.1.04 Access to water 45
4.4.12 Energy intensity 4.1.10 Dependency ratio 49
4.4.10 Human development index 4.2.03 Mobile Telephone costs 48
4.3.19 Value added of KTI industries 4.2.05 Connectivity 51
4.5.06 Secondary school enrollment 4.4.04 Health infrastructure 50
3.1.04 Labor productivity (PPP) 3.3.05 Banking and financial services 38
3.1.11 Productivity of companies 3.2.04 Remuneration of management 40
3.5.02 Image abroad or branding 3.3.08 Regulatory compliance (banking laws) 40
3.5.01 Attitudes toward globalization 3.2.13 Labor force (%) 41
3.1.08 Workforce productivity 3.3.17 Credit 41
3.1.09 Large corporations 3.2.03 Remuneration in services professions 45
3.2.19 Finance skills 3.2.06 Working hours 41
3.5.03 National culture 3.2.01 Compensation levels 53
3.5.04 Flexibility and adaptability 3.2.10 Apprenticeships 48
2.4.02 Customs' authorities 2.3.04 Country credit rating 33
2.4.09 Subsidies
2.2.13 Real corporate taxes 2.4.20 Redundancy costs 39
2.5.09 Equal opportunity 2.2.01 Collected total tax revenues 33
2.4.03 Protectionism 2.1.11 Pension funding 41
2.2.08 Corporate tax rate on profit 2.2.12 Real personal taxes 39
2.4.04 Public sector contracts 2.2.09 Consumption tax rate 52
2.4.05 Foreign investors 2.1.04 Total general government debt (%) 52
1.2.23 Trade to GDP ratio 1.1.19 Resilience of the economy 38
1.4.07 Long-term unemployment 43
1.3.05 Direct investment flows inward ($bn) 1.5.03 Cost-of-living index 40
1.1.14 Real GDP growth 1.4.06 Unemployment rate 49
1.3.04 Direct investment stocks abroad (%)
Economic Performance Economic Performance Rank
Value Average Rank Year
0.902 60.723 2015
238.0 1,117.9 39 2015
257.4 1,622.7 48 2015
0.32 1.48 39 2015
102.5 631.7 45 2015
43.0 56.0 56 2015
30.9 180.7 41 2015
13.0 16.9 48 2015
52.4 274.5 40 2015
22.0 22.0 28 2015
104.7 289.8 31 2015
44.0 27.1 5 2015
2015
3 4 2015
28 29 2015
70 67 2015
6.37 5.13 13 2016
7.8 2.1 1 2015
7.23 1.27 1 2015
3.47 2.23 19 2015
-0.77 2.06 55 2015
28.21 1.27 1 2015
4.70 5.01 38 2016
51,355 27,438 8 2015
55,538 35,211 9 2015
4.5 2.2 5 2016
Percentage of GDP
1.1.04 · Household consumption expenditure ($bn)US$ billions
1.1.06 · Government consumption expenditure ($bn)US$ billions
1.1.09 · Gross fixed capital formation (%)
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
IRELAND
1 · Economic Performance
1.1.01 · Gross Domestic Product (GDP)US$ billions
1.1.03 · World GDP contributionPercentage share of world GDP in market prices
1.1.05 · Household consumption expenditure (%)Percentage of GDP
1.1.08 · Gross fixed capital formation ($bn)US$ billions
1.1 · Domestic Economy1.1.00 · Exchange Rate
National currency per US$ (average)
1.1.02 · GDP (PPP)Estimates ; US$ billions at purchasing power parity
1.1.07 · Government consumption expenditure (%)Percentage of GDP
1.1.22 · Forecast: Real GDP growth
1.1.21 · GDP (PPP) per capitaEstimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity
1.1.19 · Resilience of the economyResilience of the economy to economic cycles is strong
1.1.20 · GDP per capitaUS$ per capita
1.1.17 · Government consumption expenditure - real growthPercentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.18 · Gross fixed capital formation - real growthPercentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.16 · Household consumption expenditure - real growthPercentage change, based on constant prices.
1.1.15 · Real GDP growth per capitaPercentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
1.1.14 · Real GDP growthPercentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
Economic sectors / ServicesBreakdown as a percentage of GDP
1.1.13 · Diversification of the economyDiversification of the economy (industries, export markets, etc.) is extensive
Economic sectors / IndustryBreakdown as a percentage of GDP
Economic sectors / AgricultureBreakdown as a percentage of GDP
1.1.12 · Economic sectorsBreakdown of the economic sectors, percentage of GDP
1.1.10 · Gross domestic savings ($bn)US$ billions
1.1.11 · Gross domestic savings (%)Percentage of GDP
0.6 10.4 16 2016
8.5 7.7 41 2016
3.7 1.2 17 2016
Value Average Rank Year
10.4 13.5 19 2015
4.37 2.10 18 2015
49.1 2.0 8 2015
20.63 0.18 2 2015
-8.41 4.12 49 2014
-3.35 2.11 58 2014
1.05 1.50 26 2014
120.44 249.99 31 2015
50.60 39.31 16 2015
25,985 11,451 9 2015
1.29 -15.16 1 2015
133.40 75.06 11 2014
53.19 14.18 2 2014
9.20 3.62 13 2014
252.31 358.19 26 2014
2014
6 11 2014
41 66 2014
53 23 2014
64 54 52 2014
64 52 47 2014
214.9 355.3 33 2014
85.7 53.1 53 2014
14.25 0.24 61 2014
2014
1.1.24 · Forecast: UnemploymentPercentage of total labor force
1.1.25 · Forecast: Current account balancePercentage of GDP/GNP
1.2 · International Trade
1.1.23 · Forecast: InflationPercentage change
Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
Percentage change, based on US$ values
Percentage of total imports
Percentage of GDP
1.2.22 · Imports breakdown by economic sector
US$ billions
1.2.21 · Imports of goods & commercial services - growth
Top 5 products, percentage of total exports
1.2.20 · Imports of goods & commercial services (%)
1.2.19 · Imports of goods & commercial services ($bn)
1.2.18 · Export concentration by product
Percentage of total exports
Exports to top 5 countries, percentage of total exports
1.2.17 · Export concentration by partner
Percentage of total exports
Percentage of total exports
Exports breakdown by economic sector / Services
Exports breakdown by economic sector / AgriculturePercentage of total exports
Exports breakdown by economic sector / Industry
1.2.16 · Exports breakdown by economic sector
Percentage change, based on US$ values
US$ billions
Percentage of GDP
1.2.14 · Exports of commercial services - growth
1.2.15 · Exports of goods & commercial services
1.2.13 · Exports of commercial services (%)US$ billions
1.2.12 · Exports of commercial services ($bn)Percentage change, based on US$ values
Percentage of GDP
US$ per capita
1.2.11 · Exports of goods - growth
1.2.10 · Exports of goods per capita
US$ billions
1.2.07 · World exports contribution
1.2.05 · Balance of commercial services ($bn)US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.06 · Balance of commercial services (%)Percentage of GDP
Percentage of GDP
1.2.03 · Balance of trade ($bn)US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.04 · Balance of trade (%)Percentage of GDP
1.2.01 · Current account balance ($bn)US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
1.2.02 · Current account balance percentage
1.2.08 · Exports of goods ($bn)
1.2.09 · Exports of goods (%)
Percentage share of world exports (goods and commercial services)
5 8 2014
29 70 2014
66 22 2014
93.14 54.32 5 2014
92.3 100.4 47 2014
1.94 3.38 35 2014
6.23 5.25 16 2016
Value Average Rank Year
108.52 24.81 6 2015
45.59 2.88 1 2015
628.0 397.7 12 2014
250.40 45.02 2 2014
107.45 27.61 5 2015
45.14 4.49 2 2015
369.2 373.7 17 2014
147.19 59.19 4 2014
1.07 -2.91 20 2015
0.45 -1.61 20 2015
258.9 24.1 7 2014
103.21 -14.17 1 2014
5.05 4.65 22 2016
5.44 4.76 16 2016
4.98 5.05 35 2016
137.90 35.02 5 2015
237.34 30.25 4 2015
US$ billions
1.3.14 · Relocation threats of R&D facilitiesRelocation of R&D facilities is not a threat to the future of your economy
International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP
Exchange rates support the competitiveness of enterprises
1.3 · International Investment
1.3.15 · Relocation threats of servicesRelocation of services is not a threat to the future of your economy
Unit value of exports over unit value of imports
1.2.26 · Exchange rates
1.3.17 · Portfolio investment liabilitiesUS$ billions
(Exports + Imports) / (2 * GDP)
1.2.25 · Tourism receipts
1.3.16 · Portfolio investment assetsUS$ billions
Relocation of production is not a threat to the future of your economy
1.2.23 · Trade to GDP ratioPercentage of total imports
1.2.24 · Terms of trade index
Percentage of total imports
Imports breakdown by economic sector / Services
1.3.13 · Relocation threats of production
1.3.12 · Net position in direct investment stocks (%)Percentage of GDP (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
Imports breakdown by economic sector / IndustryPercentage of total imports
Imports breakdown by economic sector / Agriculture
1.3.11 · Net position in direct investment stocks ($bn)US$ billions (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
1.3.05 · Direct investment flows inward ($bn)US$ billions
1.3.07 · Direct investment stocks inward ($bn)
1.3.10 · Balance of direct investment flows (%)Percentage of GDP (flows abroad minus flows inward)
1.3.09 · Balance of direct investment flows ($bn)US$ billions (flows abroad minus flows inward)
1.3.08 · Direct investment stocks inward (%)Percentage of GDP
1.3.06 · Direct investment flows inward (%)Percentage of GDP
1.3.03 · Direct investment stocks abroad ($bn)US$ billions
1.3.04 · Direct investment stocks abroad (%)Percentage of GDP
1.3.02 · Direct investment flows abroad (%)Percentage of GDP
1.3.01 · Direct investment flows abroad ($bn)US$ billions
Value Average Rank Year
1.98 39.11 51 2015
42.78 46.62 43 2015
2.27 1.49 14 2015
2015
5.4 9.4 2015
19.0 23.8 2015
75.6 66.8 2015
24.70 17.78 46 2013
9.44 7.57 49 2015
6.90 3.94 43 2015
20.90 17.80 45 2015
Value Average Rank Year
-0.03 4.47 18 2015
0.33 3.52 14 2015
81.00 79.21 40 2015
2,360 1,494 49 2015
743 682 42 2015
10.05 18.60 8 2014
1.52 1.26 32 2015
1.5 · Prices
1.5.07 · Gasoline pricesPremium unleaded gasoline (95 Ron) US$ per litre
Percentage of labor force
1.4 · Employment
Percentage of youth labor force (under the age of 25)
1.5.06 · Food costsPercentage of household final consumption expenditures
Percentage of labor force
1.4.08 · Youth unemployment
1.5.05 · Office rentTotal occupation cost in the main city (US$/Sq.M. per year)
Employment by sector / Agriculture
Employment by sector / ServicesPercentage of total employment
1.4.06 · Unemployment rate
1.4.07 · Long-term unemployment
1.5.04 · Apartment rent3-room apartment monthly rent in major cities, US$
1.4.05 · Employment in the public sectorPercentage of total employment
1.5.03 · Cost-of-living indexIndex of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)
1.5.02 · Adjusted consumer price inflationInflation rate minus discount rate (absolute values)
Percentage of total employment
1.5.01 · Consumer price inflationAverage annual rate
Percentage of total employment
Estimates: percentage change
Employment by sector / Industry
Percentage of total employment
Total employment in millions
Percentage of population
1.4.02 · Employment (%)
1.4.04 · Employment by sector
1.4.03 · Employment - growth
1.4.01 · Employment
Value Average Rank Year
-5.48 -37.19 30 2015
-2.30 -2.44 31 2015
226.65 945.39 34 2015
95.22 61.51 52 2015
0.61 4.32 16 2015
95.05 38.34 52 2015
0.00 17.43 1 2011
9.57 6.91 44 2015
6.09 4.26 11 2016
6.74 4.53 8 2016
3.12 3.97 41 2016
35.1 35.5 29 2015
Value Average Rank Year
29.32 27.11 33 2014
9.41 5.96 47 2014
2.44 2.96 23 2014
9.83 9.96 22 2014
2.22 1.54 42 2014
5.08 7.31 21 2014
14.39 17.14 22 2015
12.50 23.65 3 2016
23.00 16.15 52 2015
3.47 9.56 12 2015
9.34 17.74 16 2015
4.23 4.81 39 2016
8.60 5.19 3 2016
2.2 · Fiscal Policy
2.1.01 · Government budget surplus/deficit ($bn)US$ billions
Percentage of GDP
2.1.03 · Total general government debt ($bn)US$ billions
2.1.04 · Total general government debt (%)Percentage of GDP
2.1.05 · Total general government debt-real growthPercentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
2.1.06 · Central government domestic debtPercentage of GDP
2.1.07 · Central government foreign debtPercentage of GDP
2.1 · Public Finance
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
2 · Government Efficiency
2.1.12 · General government expenditurePercentage of GDP
2.2.13 · Real corporate taxes
2.1.02 · Government budget surplus/deficit (%)
IRELAND
2.1.11 · Pension fundingPension funding is adequately addressed for the future
2.2.12 · Real personal taxesReal personal taxes do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement
2.1.10 · Tax evasionTax evasion is not a threat to your economy
2.2.11 · Employer's social security contribution rateCompulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.1.09 · Public financesPublic finances are being efficiently managed
2.2.10 · Employee's social security contribution rateCompulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.2.07 · Effective personal income tax ratePercentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
2.1.08 · Interest payment (%)Percentage of current revenue
2.2.08 · Corporate tax rate on profitMaximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax
2.2.09 · Consumption tax rateStandard rate of VAT/GST
Compulsory contribution of employees and employers as a percentage of GDP
2.2.03 · Collected corporate taxesOn profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
2.2.04 · Collected indirect tax revenuesTaxes on goods and services as a percentage of GDP
2.2.01 · Collected total tax revenuesPercentage of GDP
2.2.02 · Collected personal income taxOn profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
2.2.05 · Collected capital and property taxesPercentage of GDP
2.2.06 · Collected social security contribution
Value Average Rank Year
0.33 0.02 29 2015
6.47 5.31 18 2016
- 4.28
68.7 69.2 33 2015
6.00 5.92 35 2016
2.20 177.46 58 2015
475 6,181 56 2015
0.140 0.171 25 2015
6.51 4.78 12 2016
6.37 4.08 5 2016
5.91 4.22 10 2016
6.65 4.49 12 2016
5.33 3.35 7 2016
7.58 4.53 11 2016
- 0.65
Value Average Rank Year
5.61 6.35 15 2014
8.37 5.85 4 2016
8.42 5.93 2 2016
8.33 5.93 1 2016
9.44 6.94 1 2016
8.05 6.36 11 2016
8.88 5.73 1 2016
0.86 1.39 20 2015
7.16 5.32 5 2016
7.77 5.98 7 2016
7.21 5.70 9 2016
6.84 4.90 13 2016
2.3 · Institutional Framework
2.4 · Business Legislation
Real corporate taxes do not discourage entrepreneurial activity
2.3.15 · Rule of lawRule of Law Index
2.3.14 · Bribery and corruptionBribery and corruption do not exist
2.3.13 · BureaucracyBureaucracy does not hinder business activity
2.3.12 · TransparencyTransparency of government policy is satisfactory
Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2015 / 2013
2.3.03 · Interest rate spreadLending rate minus deposit rate
2.3.06 · Foreign currency reserves
US$ per capita
2.3.08 · Exchange rate stability
2.3.10 · Adaptability of government policyAdaptability of government policy to changes in the economy is high
2.3.11 · Government decisionsGovernment decisions are effectively implemented
2.3.09 · Legal and regulatory frameworkThe legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises
US$ billions
2.3.05 · Central bank policyCentral bank policy has a positive impact on the economy
2.4.05 · Foreign investorsForeign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies
2.4.06 · Capital marketsCapital markets (foreign and domestic) are easily accessible
2.4.11 · Competition legislationCompetition legislation is efficient in preventing unfair competition
2.3.04 · Country credit ratingRating on a scale of 0-100 assessed by the Institutional Investor Magazine
2.4.12 · Parallel economy
2.3.01 · Real short-term interest rateReal discount / bank rate
2.3.02 · Cost of capitalCost of capital encourages business development
2.4.01 · Tariff barriersTariffs on imports: Most favored nation simple average rate
2.4.02 · Customs' authoritiesCustoms' authorities do facilitate the efficient transit of goods
2.4.09 · SubsidiesSubsidies do not distort fair competition and economic development
2.4.10 · State ownership of enterprisesState ownership of enterprises is not a threat to business activities
2.4.08 · Government subsidiesTo private and public companies as a percentage of GDP
Investment incentives are attractive to foreign investors
2.4.04 · Public sector contractsPublic sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders
2.4.03 · ProtectionismProtectionism does not impair the conduct of your business
2.4.07 · Investment incentives
2.3.07 · Foreign currency reserves per capita
6.71 5.04 11 2016
7.53 6.16 15 2016
6 15 24 2015
4 6 16 2015
6.47 4.99 13 2016
4.95 4.78 26 2016
7.12 5.89 8 2016
10.7 9.5 39 2014
Value Average Rank Year
8.09 5.65 12 2016
8.70 6.65 11 2016
6.14 4.56 14 2016
7.40 5.75 18 2016
7.16 5.35 11 2016
32 36 20 2013
3.10 2.67 2012
25.60 27.54 2012
7.95 6.02 4 2016
19.91 23.94 37 2014
17.60 14.30 17 2015
0.113 0.209 23 2014
72.9 70.1 29 2015
2.5 · Societal Framework
2.5.13 · Disposable IncomeFemale / male ratio
2.5.12 · Gender inequalityGender Inequality Index (UNDP)
2.5.11 · Women on boardsBoardmembers of all companies analyzed by GMI
2.5.10 · Females in parliamentPercentage of total seats in Parliament
2.5.09 · Equal opportunityEqual opportunity legislation in your economy encourages economic development
2.4.13 · Ease of doing businessEase of doing business is supported by regulations
2.4.19 · Immigration lawsImmigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor
2.5.08 · Income distribution - highest 10%Percentage of household incomes going to highest 10% of households
2.4.20 · Redundancy costsNumber of weeks of salary
2.5.07 · Income distribution - lowest 10%Percentage of household incomes going to lowest 10% of households
2.5.06 · Gini coefficientEqual distribution of income scale: 0 (absolute equality) to 100 (absolute inequality)
2.4.18 · Unemployment legislationUnemployment legislation provides an incentive to look for work
2.5.05 · Social cohesionSocial cohesion is high
2.5.04 · Risk of political instabilityThe risk of political instability is very low
2.4.17 · Labor regulationsLabor regulations (hiring/firing practices, minimum wages, etc.) do not hinder business activities
2.5.03 · Ageing of societyAgeing of society is not a burden for economic development
2.5.02 · Personal security and private property rightsPersonal security and private property rights are adequately protected
2.4.15 · Start-up daysNumber of days to start a business
2.4.16 · Start-up proceduresNumber of procedures to start a business
2.5.01 · JusticeJustice is fairly administered
2.4.14 · Creation of firmsCreation of firms is supported by legislation
Parallel (black-market, unrecorded) economy does not impair economic development
Value Average Rank Year
129,812 72,323 4 2015
120,036 55,761 5 2015
5.42 0.67 2 2015
71.41 37.93 4 2014
64,838 43,418 13 2015
190,077 88,835 3 2015
119,875 71,659 5 2015
8.09 5.83 3 2016
8.56 6.54 1 2016
7.21 5.93 12 2016
7.77 5.82 3 2016
Value Average Rank Year
24.40 12.04 53 2015
-1.80 1.38 3 2014
45 2015
37,840 28,748 2015
25,610 17,305 2015
44,835 27,039 2015
82,186 45,456 2015
28,837 21,014 2015
40 2015
310,570 296,765 2015
194,706 145,413 2015
105,266 77,870 2015
164,701 139,000 2015
10.77 16.87 15 2015
3.1 · Productivity & Efficiency
3.2 · Labor Market
3.1.01 · Overall productivity (PPP)Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$
3.1.02 · Overall productivityGDP per person employed, US$
3.1.03 · Overall productivity - real growthEstimates: Percentage change of real GDP per person employed
3.1.05 · Agricultural productivity (PPP)Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$
3.1.07 · Productivity in services (PPP)Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$
IRELAND
3.1.04 · Labor productivity (PPP)Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$
3.1.06 · Productivity in industry (PPP)Estimates: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$
3 · Business Efficiency
3.1.11 · Productivity of companiesProductivity of companies is supported by global strategies (supplies, offshoring, outsourcing)
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
3.1.10 · Small and medium-size enterprisesSmall and medium-size enterprises are efficient by international standards
Large corporations are efficient by international standards
3.1.08 · Workforce productivityWorkforce productivity is competitive by international standards
3.1.09 · Large corporations
Remuneration of management / Human resources directorTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
3.2.05 · Remuneration spread
Remuneration of management / EngineerTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration in services professions / Secretary / Personal Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / CEOTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
Remuneration of management / Director manufacturingTotal base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
3.2.04 · Remuneration of management
Remuneration in services professions / Product ManagerGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
---
Remuneration in services professions / Call center agentGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
Remuneration in services professions / Primary school teacherGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
3.2.02 · Unit labor costs for total economyPercentage change
3.2.03 · Remuneration in services professionsGross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$
Remuneration in services professions / Bank credit clerk
3.2.01 · Compensation levelsTotal hourly compensation in manufacturing (wages + supplementary benefits), US$
1,770 1,899 41 2015
7.44 6.22 12 2016
7.58 5.93 6 2016
4.89 15.59 31 2014
4.00 4.83 48 2016
6.60 5.88 16 2016
2.17 41.08 51 2015
46.84 49.86 41 2015
0.84 1.17 31 2015
23.40 14.63 7 2014
44.93 43.09 37 2015
14.99 13.29 10 2014
7.07 5.73 5 2016
8.42 6.48 1 2016
7.95 6.62 5 2016
5.07 4.86 29 2016
7.53 5.27 8 2016
6.84 5.54 10 2016
6.79 5.59 9 2016
Value Average Rank Year
184.57 150.31 13 2015
2.03 3.20 34 2015
15,759 8,748 12 2015
64.67 63.29 30 2015
5.77 5.99 38 2016
6.47 6.15 30 2016
5.77 5.89 35 2016
6.14 6.61 40 2016
5.76 5.33 29 2016
3.3 · Finance
3.2.21 · Brain drainBrain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
3.2.22 · Foreign high-skilled peopleForeign high-skilled people are attracted to your country's business environment
3.2.24 · Competent senior managersCompetent senior managers are readily available
3.2.23 · International experienceInternational experience of senior managers is generally significant
3.2.20 · Attracting and retaining talentsAttracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies
3.2.19 · Finance skillsFinance skills are readily available
3.2.18 · Skilled laborSkilled labor is readily available
3.2.15 · Part-time employmentPercentage of total employment
3.2.16 · Female labor forcePercentage of total labor force
3.2.14 · Labor force growthPercentage change
3.2.17 · Foreign labor forcePercentage of total labor force
3.3.09 · Stock marketsStock markets provide adequate financing to companies
3.3.05 · Banking and financial servicesBanking and financial services do support business activities efficiently
3.2.07 · Labor relations
3.2.08 · Worker motivationWorker motivation in companies is high
3.2.09 · Industrial disputesWorking days lost per 1,000 inhabitants per year (average 2012-2014)
3.2.12 · Labor forceEmployed and registered unemployed (millions)
3.3.07 · Financial risk factorThe risk factor in the financial system (new financial instruments, non-performing loans, transparency) is adequately addressed
3.3.08 · Regulatory compliance (banking laws)Regulatory compliance is sufficiently developed
3.2.06 · Working hoursAverage number of working hours per year
3.2.13 · Labor force (%)Percentage of population
3.3.06 · Finance and banking regulationFinance and banking regulation is sufficiently adequate
US$ per capita
3.3.01 · Banking sector assetsPercentage of GDP
3.3.03 · Financial card transactions
3.3.04 · Investment riskEuromoney country risk overall (scale from 0-100)
3.2.10 · ApprenticeshipsApprenticeships are sufficiently implemented
3.2.11 · Employee trainingEmployee training is a high priority in companies
Labor relations are generally productive
3.3.02 · Financial cards in circulationNumber of cards per capita
Ratio of CEO to personal assistant remuneration
141.1 1,124.1 36 2015
59.28 83.16 29 2015
4,516 17,976 25 2015
43 701 53 2014
28.00 5.03 3 2015
7.35 6.52 18 2016
1,174.23 3,684.57 25 2015
5.26 5.70 41 2016
5.95 4.76 14 2016
3.22 1.04 5 2014
6.65 5.64 17 2016
Value Average Rank Year
7.43 5.92 5 2016
7.67 6.27 14 2016
7.07 6.02 16 2016
6.93 5.90 12 2016
7.77 7.13 20 2016
7.95 7.03 10 2016
6.74 6.00 11 2016
6.47 5.82 19 2016
8.19 6.36 5 2016
3.4 · Management Practices
3.3.20 · Corporate debtCorporate debt does not restrain the ability of enterprises to compete
3.3.19 · M&A ActivityDeals per listed company (average 2012-2014)
3.4.09 · Health, safety & environmental concernsHealth, safety & environmental concerns are adequately addressed by management
3.3.18 · Venture capitalVenture capital is easily available for business
3.3.15 · Shareholders' rightsShareholders' rights are sufficiently implemented
3.4.08 · Social responsibilitySocial responsibility of business leaders is high
By acquiror nation (average 2013-2015) US$ millions
3.3.17 · CreditCredit is easily available for business
3.3.16 · Initial Public Offerings
3.4.07 · EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurship of managers is widespread in business
3.3.14 · Stock market indexPercentage change on index in national currency
3.4.05 · Auditing and accounting practicesAuditing and accounting practices are adequately implemented in business
3.3.11 · Stock market capitalization (%)Percentage of GDP
3.3.12 · Value traded on stock marketsUS$ per capita
US$ billions
3.4.03 · Credibility of managersCredibility of managers in society is strong
3.4.04 · Corporate boardsCorporate boards do supervise the management of companies effectively
3.4.06 · Customer satisfactionCustomer satisfaction is emphasized in companies
3.3.13 · Listed domestic companiesNumber of listed domestic companies
3.3.10 · Stock market capitalization ($bn)
3.4.01 · Adaptability of companiesAdaptability of companies to market changes is high
3.4.02 · Ethical practicesEthical practices are implemented in companies
Value Average Rank Year
8.33 6.21 2 2016
8.84 6.08 3 2016
8.88 6.73 1 2016
8.60 6.59 1 2016
6.98 5.71 5 2016
7.38 5.95 6 2016
6.88 6.29 19 2016
3.5 · Attitudes and Values
3.5.07 · Corporate valuesCorporate values take into account the values of employees
3.5.06 · Value systemThe value system in your society supports competitiveness
3.5.05 · Need for economic and social reformsThe need for economic and social reforms is generally well understood
3.5.04 · Flexibility and adaptabilityFlexibility and adaptability of people are high when faced with new challenges
The national culture is open to foreign ideas
3.5.02 · Image abroad or brandingThe image abroad of your country encourages business development
3.5.01 · Attitudes toward globalizationAttitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your society
3.5.03 · National culture
Value Average Rank Year
70 1,487 45 2015
2,425 3,266 29 2013
10,590 20,083 16 2014
7.26 7.99 45 2016
9.02 8.19 23 2016
6.84 6.54 28 2016
4.64 83.75 51 2015
22.1 19.0 2015
13.0 13.6 2015
53.9 48.9 49 2015
1.37 1.08 14 2010
0.027 0.040 29 2014
100,962 50,807 6 2014
8.19 7.26 21 2016
7.44 7.17 32 2016
7.86 7.36 30 2016
6.98 6.65 34 2016
5.81 5.87 33 2016
6.98 6.55 25 2016
6.42 6.28 30 2016
2.27 175.35 55 2013
17.4 101.0 54 2013
10.29 123.61 12 2013
2.24 2.46 34 2013
0.133 0.106 40 2015
4.1.01 · Land areaSquare kilometers ('000)
4.1.02 · Arable areaSquare meters per capita
4.1.03 · Water resourcesTotal internal renewable per capita in cubic meters
4.1.04 · Access to waterAccess to water is adequately ensured and managed
4.1.05 · Access to commoditiesAccess to commodities (basic resources, food, etc.) is adequately addressed
4.1.06 · Management of citiesManagement of cities supports business development
4.1.07 · Population - market sizeEstimates in millions
EXTENDED COUNTRY PROFILE
IRELAND
4 · Infrastructure
4.1.25 · Electricity costs for industrial clientsUS$ per kwh
4.1 · Basic Infrastructure
4.1.23 · Total final energy consumptionMillions MTOE
4.1.24 · Total final energy consumption per capitaMTOE per capita
4.1.21 · Total indigenous energy productionMillions MTOE
4.1.22 · Total indigenous energy production (%)Percentage of total requirements in tons of oil equivalent
4.1.20 · Future energy supplyFuture energy supply is adequately ensured
4.1.18 · Maintenance and developmentMaintenance and development of infrastructure are adequately planned and financed
4.1.19 · Energy infrastructureEnergy infrastructure is adequate and efficient
4.1.16 · Logistics managementLogistics management supports business development
4.1.17 · Water transportationWater transportation (harbors, canals, etc.) meets business requirements
4.1.15 · Distribution infrastructureThe distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally efficient
4.1.08 · Population under 15 yearsPercentage of total population
4.1.09 · Population over 65 years
Quality of air transportation encourages business development
4.1.12 · RailroadsDensity of the network, km per square km
4.1.13 · Air transportationNumber of passengers carried by main companies, thousands
4.1.11 · RoadsDensity of the network, km roads/square km land area
4.1.10 · Dependency ratioPopulation under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years)
4.1.14 · Quality of air transportation
Percentage of total population
Value Average Rank Year
386 3,461 36 2014
64.3 54.2 20 2014
33.2 19.7 48 2014
6.47 7.62 51 2016
6.65 7.77 51 2016
0.20 1.39 48 2015
962 659 16 2015
844 713 19 2015
362 323 23 2014
12.8 10.8 23 2015
7.21 7.41 40 2016
7.43 6.81 21 2016
6.42 5.76 22 2016
6.37 5.52 17 2016
7.49 6.27 13 2016
6.98 5.57 10 2016
6.93 6.04 18 2016
21,261 36,511 20 2014
21.33 14.70 10 2014
67.2 28.2 3 2014
6.05 5.74 24 20164.2.21 · Cyber securityCyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations
4.2 · Technological Infrastructure
4.2.19 · High-tech exports (%)Percentage of manufactured exports
4.2.20 · ICT service exportsPercentage of service exports
4.2.17 · Technological regulationTechnological regulation supports business development and innovation
4.2.18 · High-tech exports ($)US$ millions
4.2.16 · Funding for technological developmentFunding for technological development is readily available
4.2.14 · Public-private partnershipsPublic and private sector ventures are supporting technological development
4.2.15 · Development and application of technologyDevelopment and application of technology are supported by the legal environment
Information technology skills are readily available
4.2.12 · Qualified engineersQualified engineers are available in your labor market
4.2.13 · Technological cooperationTechnological cooperation between companies is developed
4.2.11 · Information technology skills
4.2.10 · Internet bandwidth speedAverage speed
Number of computers per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
4.2.08 · Internet usersNumber of internet users per 1000 people/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
4.2.09 · Broadband subscribersNumber of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants
4.2.07 · Computers per capita
4.2.06 · Computers in useWorldwide share/ Source: Computer Industry Almanac
4.2.05 · ConnectivityConnectivity of people and firms (telecom, IT, etc.) is highly extensive
Monthly Blended Average Revenue per User
4.2.03 · Mobile Telephone costs
4.2.04 · Communications technologyCommunications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements
4.2.02 · Mobile Broadband subscribers3G & 4G market, % of mobile market
4.2.01 · Investment in TelecommunicationsCapital Expenditure Aggregate Annual Spending
Value Average Rank Year
3,810 25,682 31 2014
1.52 1.53 25 2014
826.4 600.0 19 2014
2,795 18,131 27 2014
1.11 0.97 20 2014
25.0 195.2 41 2014
5.43 4.68 25 2014
17.8 116.7 33 2014
3.87 2.54 16 2014
3.8 3.2 24 2014
24.60 29.59 44 2012
6,874 34,237 40 2013
2 9 19 2015
0.43 0.19 10 2015
4,780 45,490 28 2014
103.69 84.46 18 2014
2,083 19,823 26 2014
276.1 301.2 19 2014
38.1 25.6 4 2014
6.38 5.36 19 2016
6.14 4.84 16 2016
7.05 5.37 13 2016
7.77 6.31 16 2016
6.14 5.09 20 2016
6.74 5.68 12 2016
4.3 · Scientific Infrastructure
4.3.25 · Innovative capacityInnovative capacity of firms (to generate new products, processes and/or services) is high in your economy
4.3.24 · Knowledge transferKnowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities
4.3.23 · Intellectual property rightsIntellectual property rights are adequately enforced
4.3.21 · Researchers and scientistsResearchers and scientists are attracted to your country
4.3.22 · Scientific research legislationLaws relating to scientific research do encourage innovation
4.3.20 · Scientific researchScientific research (public and private) is high by international standards
4.3.16 · Patent applications per capita
4.3.17 · Patent grantsNumber of patents granted by applicant's origin (average 2012-2014)
Percentage of GDP
4.3.18 · Number of patents in forceby applicant's origin, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.3.19 · Value added of KTI industries
4.3.15 · Patent applicationsNumber of applications filed by applicant's origin
Number of applications filed by applicant's origin, per 100,000 inhabitants
4.3.13 · Nobel prizesAwarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950
Percentage of total first university degrees in science and engineering
4.3.10 · Researchers in R&D per capita
4.3.07 · Total R&D personnel nationwide per capita
4.3.11 · Science degrees
4.3.12 · Scientific articlesScientific articles published by origin of author
4.3.14 · Nobel prizes per capitaAwarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 per million people
Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
Full-time work equivalent (FTE thousands)
4.3.09 · Total R&D personnel in business per capitaFull-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
4.3.08 · Total R&D personnel in business enterprise
4.3.06 · Total R&D personnel nationwideFull-time work equivalent (FTE thousands)
4.3.05 · Business expenditure on R&D (%)Percentage of GDP
4.3.04 · Business expenditure on R&D ($)US$ millions
4.3.02 · Total expenditure on R&D (%)Percentage of GDP
4.3.03 · Total expenditure on R&D per capita ($)US$ per capita
4.3.01 · Total expenditure on R&D ($)US$ millions
Value Average Rank Year
8.9 7.7 23 2013
4,617 2,631 15 2013
67.70 65.58 31 2013
3.77 5.76 50 2016
80.9 77.5 20 2014
71.2 68.2 20 2015
3.6 8.9 16 2015
19 2015
81.02 255.96 2015
355.31 525.03 2015
64 75 2015
0.92 0.83 7 2014
6.98 6.53 28 2016
43 112 5 2013
98.80 71.13 4 2015
69.0 77.7 36 2014
3.22 45.17 5 2009
34.4 458.9 12 2013
144.4 386.5 7 2013
6.5 15.5 41 2013
5.26 5.01 30 2016
3.83 4.22 17 2011
4.6 4.7 40 2011
-0.81 -0.47 29 2011
5.91 5.90 29 2016
7.81 6.09 10 2016
7.21 6.19 12 2016
8.79 6.71 16 2016
4.4 · Health and Environment
4.4.20 · Total biocapacityGlobal hectares per capita of biologically productive space
4.4.21 · Ecological footprintGlobal hectares per person
4.4.17 · CO2 emissions intensityCO2 industrial emissions in metric tons per one million US$ of GDP
4.4.18 · Renewable energies (%)Share of renewables in total energy requirements, %
4.4.16 · CO2 emissions
4.4.13 · Paper and cardboard recycling ratePercentage of apparent consumption
Medical assistance / Per physicianNumber of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
4.4.26 · Quality of lifeQuality of life is high
4.4.19 · Green technology solutionsRenewable technologies (solar energy, wind turbines, etc.) are quickly turned into competitive advantages
4.4.25 · Environmental lawsEnvironmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses
Average estimate
4.4.23 · Sustainable developmentSustainable development is a priority in companies
4.4.24 · Pollution problemsPollution problems do not seriously affect your economy
4.4.08 · Medical assistance
4.4.03 · Public expenditure on health (%)Percentage of total health expenditure
Under five mortality rate per 1000 live births
4.4.07 · Infant mortality
Medical assistance / Per nurseNumber of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
Combines economic - social - educational indicators/ Source: Human Development Report
4.4.11 · Health problems
4.4.12 · Energy intensityTotal energy consumed for each 1000 US$ of GDP in MTOE
4.4.10 · Human development index
4.4.15 · Water consumption intensityWater withdrawal for each 1000 US$ of GDP in cubic meters
4.4.04 · Health infrastructureHealth infrastructure meets the needs of society
4.4.22 · Ecological balance (reserve/deficit)Total biocapacity minus total footprint in global hectares per capita
4.4.05 · Life expectancy at birthAverage estimate
4.4.06 · Healthy life expectancy
US$ per capita
4.4.01 · Total health expenditurePercentage of GDP
4.4.02 · Total health expenditure per capita
Metric tons of carbon dioxide
4.4.14 · Waste water treatment plantsPercentage of population served
Health problems (sicknesses, AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, etc.) do not have a significant impact on companies
4.4.09 · Urban populationPercentage of total population
Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
Value Average Rank Year
4.5 4.8 36 2014
2,433 1,550 15 2014
26.3 21.3 11 2012
16.36 16.65 35 2013
13.95 14.19 41 2013
99.6 90.4 5 2012
50.8 38.4 10 2014
54.5 57.8 45 2012
2.80 2.64 21 2013
3.55 1.89 7 2013
15 2012
501 478 2012
522 484 2012
96 89 11 2013
7.67 5.56 9 2016
6.33 5.26 14 2016
7.44 5.86 12 2016
7.16 6.05 13 2016
1.0 2.7 1 2015
4.98 6.10 43 2016
4.5 · Education
4.5.18 · Language skillsLanguage skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
4.5.17 · IlliteracyAdult (over 15 years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population
4.5.15 · University educationUniversity education meets the needs of a competitive economy
4.5.16 · Management educationManagement education meets the needs of the business community
4.5.14 · Science in schoolsScience in schools is sufficiently emphasized
4.5.13 · Educational systemThe educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy
4.5.12 · English proficiency - TOEFLTOEFL scores
Educational assessment - PISA / SciencesPISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.09 · Student mobility inboundForeign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants
Educational assessment - PISA / MathematicsPISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.11 · Educational assessment - PISAPISA survey of 15-year olds
4.5.10 · Student mobility outboundNational tertiary-level students studying abroad per 1000 inhabitants
4.5.08 · Women with degreesPercentage of female graduates in tertiary education
4.5.07 · Higher education achievementPercentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25-34
4.5.05 · Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education)Ratio of students to teaching staff
4.5.06 · Secondary school enrollmentPercentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education
4.5.04 · Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education)Ratio of students to teaching staff
4.5.03 · Public expenditure on education per pupilPercentage of GDP per capita (secondary)
4.5.02 · Total public expenditure on education per capitaUS$ per capita
4.5.01 · Total public expenditure on educationPercentage of GDP