

| P a g e

".! (ypothesis &).! Literature *evie+ ,-

&.! Secon%ary %ata -/

,.! Metho%ology:

,.1 Data 0ollections echniue

1!-1)

.! #in%ings an% *esults 1)-21

.! Discussion an% 0onclusion 21-22

/.! *e'erence 2"

Ta#%e o Con!en!s

1+0 In!ro'(c!"on:



. | P a g e

Still our parents remember the program on 34 in aroun% 1//!5s +hen there +as no other

4 channel e6cept this state-o+ne% one. 7t that time some programs li8e ui9 contest

3olunDe8hi5 an% 3itor8oProti;ogita5 among %i''erent schools colleges or university halls +ere

being aire% regularly especially 'or the stu%ents. 7ccor%ing to our el%er member o' our 'amily

the programs +ere interesting +hich inspire% them later to practice those e6tracurricular

activities besi%es their aca%emic business. hey also turne% very much curious about +hat +as

happening all aroun% the +orl% as +ell as contemporary 8no+le%ge about science culture

economics history an% politics etc. hus the programs helpe% them enriching their s8ill.

$n course o' time several private channels came into on-air to meet the %eman% o' the age o'

$n'ormation 0ommunication echnology <$0=. Since several channels entere% into the

competition against 34 at the en% o' the 1//!5s an% %uring the last 1! years e6pectation o' the

television vie+ers have increase% highly +ith a hope o' en;oying some in'ormative e%i'ying an%

amusement programs +hich +oul% o' time. 3ut recently +e %o not +atch these types o'

programs. 7ll the private 4 channels are busy +ith beauty contest 'ashion sho+ %ance

competition an% musical talent hunt contest among garments laborers ric8sha+-pullers. Not only

the ualities o' these programs are very poor the stan%ar% o' the +inners o' these contests also

creates a volley o' uestions.

7s a result present young generations +ho are going to school college or university are

getting too much a+are about their beauty. >eeping their stu%y asi%es they li8e to pass their time

by %reaming o' becoming a super star by night.

$n the beauty competition +e observe +estern out-'it +ith the +estern music +hich is not in our

culture. he 'ate is that our young generations are 'ollo+ing +estern culture an% 'orgetting our

tra%itional culture. ?ur private 4 channels are almost entirely avoi%ing programs o' classical



/ | P a g e

music@ tra%itional 3angla%eshi music an% songs.

7t our young age a 4 program name% Notun>uri5 +hich +as sho+n on every #ri%ays an%

+e +ere eagerly +aiting to +atch each episo%e. here +ere %i''erent parts in the Notun>uri5

program li8e reciting poem storytelling acting +ith uality %ramas %i''erent types o' %ance an%

music competition classical music@ songs an% music +ith %eep roots in our culture. Many

present stars li8e arana(alim arin $shita Shaon came 'rom that Notun>uri5 program. 3ut

no+ on 34 +e %o not see these types o' programs. 7s $ remember that in the late 1/!5s +e

use% to ta8e our %inner early to get a place in the 4 room 'or the +ee8ly %rama li8e AiShob

Din *atri5 3ohubrihi5 Shongshopto85 >othao>eoNei5. 7'ter each +e use% to spen% time

%iscussing the %rama an% al+ays +ere impresse% +ith most o' +hat +e vie+e%.

$n that time the language +as stan%ar% accor%ing to 3angla aca%emy the relationship among

the characters seems to our nearest one li8e our 'amily member. 3ut no+ the script o' most o' the

%rama is very poor. he relationships among the characters are unstable an% illegal +hich has a

long run e''ect on the society. Due to these e''ects the relationship o' the characters in real li'e

becomes unstable. he other 'actor 'or the poor uality is the gree% o' these stations 'or money.

hey become so commercial that no+ they are airing their programs in bet+een the

a%vertisements.

(o+ever the competition in the 4 channels brought general improvement in the service in

the entire in%ustry. Most o' the 4 channels in 3angla%esh %eliver live brea8ing %omestic an%

international ne+s. $n or%er to e6pan% their mobile ANB capabilities beyon% using tra%itional

DSNB vehicles 4 channels %eploye% 4UPac8 "BC)BCLA cellular uplin8 solutions because

o' its 'le6ibility ease-o'-use superior picture uality an% po+er'ul %ual-enco%ing engine.4

channels have use% 4UPac8 to broa%cast a number o' important events throughout 3angla%esh.



5 | P a g e

Basically, tendency of having technological advancement and defining the variations in the

programs to stay on the competition is giving a good pitch to TV channels to increase the

quality, though sometimes this competition of being best in the race is distracting the TV

channels from their own cultural value and trend.

+0 P(rpose o !he research

$ am %oing the research to 'in% out the present scenario an% per'ormance o' 4 channels in

the conte6t o' 3angla%esh. 3asically recent %ata sho+ing that alrea%y there are 2! 4 channels

an% 'e+ numbers are +aiting to telecast their program soon <7ppen%i6=. Un%oubte%ly

completion among them is getting tough to tougher. $n this situation $ am trying to 'in% out that

+hat type o' impacts o' this competition is 'alling in their programs.

.+0 H)po!hes"s

$ have establishe% three hypotheses lin8ing up +ith my topic. $ consi%ere% the in'luences o'

other culture in our program technological 'actors an% program variations as in%epen%ent

variables. 3esi%es uality o' program has been consi%ere% as %epen%ent variable.

(-1: #or %evelopment in uality mi6 cultures are practice% in 4 channels +hich harm our o+n

culture.

(-2: 0ompetition increases the technological 'actor in 4 channels o' our country.

(-": 0ompetition brings variation in 4 channel programs an% increase uality o' entertainment.

/+0 2"!era!(re Re3"e$:



6 | P a g e

$n business +orl% competition is the common phenomenon. here is no single in%ustry

+ithout competitor. 7n% no+ 'or the a%vancement o' globali9ation the competitions are

happening +ith +orl%+i%e companies in a single area. Some scholar also sai% that sometimes the

competition is happening insi%e a company. $n television channel business there e6ist tough

competitions. his in%ustry is relate% to entertainment so it has to consi%er +hat its vie+er li8e to

see. o increase value it has to %evelop its uality continuously. 7ccor%ing to 0arol 7. an% Davi%

7. they argue% that uality is the value5 <1//)=. hey sai% +hen customers are satis'ie% 'or +hat

they pay 'or that thing is uality an% this mental satis'action increase the value o' that speci'ic

pro%uct or service. $' +e loo8 on our country in the television in%ustry +e can observe that the

numbers o' channels are increasing so the competition is also increasing an% this competition is

not only +ith national channels but +ith international channels also. he vie+ers are the target

mar8et o' this in%ustry an% they also +atch international channels so our 4 channels also

consi%er those 4 channels as their competitor. So to %e'eat them an% to be uniue in the

people5s eye they %esign their programs as the people +ant to see most. #or this particular reason

our 4 in%ustry recently %evelope% in technological 'actors. Previously it +asn5t %igitali9e% but

no+ some channels are in (D uality +hich is %e'initely a uality 'actor +hich has improve%.

7ccor%ing to e''rey 7. satellite channels are the source to bring the global channels into

locals. Ehen people see those channels an% programs the benchmar8 goes up 'or any

entertainment sho+ an% to maintain that our 4 channels no+ a %ays +or8 in ;oint venture to

bring some international sho+s in our country an% also +hen peoples e6pecte% goes up 'or

movies %rama our in%ustry in this sector also %evelope% to compete in the mar8et. his is a very

goo% %evelopment in uality an% +hich is helping to compete +ith the mar8et.



4 | P a g e

7ccor%ing to #eigenbaum <1/2= uality is something +hich is a 'orce to %evelop in the

economic scale +hen it is about international mar8et. So to %evelop in the international mar8et

our 4 channels also %eveloping a lot. Ehen it is about technological content F concept 'actor

our 4 channels are %eveloping continuously. Guality is something +hich live% un%er consumer

min% or can be sai% +hich is satis'action o' a consumer an% our 4 channels are no+ a %ays

'ocusing on that point.

3ut to gain more pro'it or to compete in the mar8et our 4 channels are %oing imitate other

channels +hich are their main competitor an% 'or that they %on5t consi%er our cultural value

+hen they %esign a program an% +hich is a %angerous 'actor to in'luence the youth to consi%er

another culture as i%le. 7ccor%ing to Dogu Argil Blobali9ation is a phenomenon create%

through human activity that in turn constantly changes human activityCbehavior5 an% that is

happening every %ay in our society because +hen people are continuously seeing a ne+ culture

they try to imitate that because o' consi%ering that as a tren% an% 'or that sometimes +e consi%er

our o+n culture as valueless norms. ?ur youth practicing +estern culture +ithout proper

environmental acceptance an% e%ucation an% this is +hy so many crimes are occurring 'or that

an% too much variety can be seen in the mentality o' people in our society because o' practicing

%i''erent types o' culture in every%ay activities. ?ur 4 channels got their vie+ers an% got all the

a%vertisements but +hat are they lea%ing to us is the uestion o' time.

5+0 Secon'ar) 'a!a:



| P a g e

I+ Han') C+ *"7 c(%!(re can 'ecrease !he prac!"ce o a(!hen!"c c(%!(ra% 3a%(e+ 8o(rna%

C(%!(ra% aec! or 9%o#a%"a!"on an' Techno%og"ca% Ipro3een!+

7ccor%ing to this ;ournal the +riter e6plaine% that 'or technological improvement li8e satellite

television an% internet all the culture are no+ sho+n to everybo%y. 7n% the %evelope% countries

culture is rapi%ly mi6e% +ith the %eveloping or un%evelope% countries culture an% this e''ect

negatively sometimes. 3ecause practicing a completely ne+ culture sometimes are not accepte%

in every culture an% sometimes culture are %evelope% on a particular situation an% environment

but +hen that culture practice% +ithout proper environment an% ac8no+le%gement its creates a

lots o' problem but the biggest problem is 'or this 8in% o' mi6 culture practice sometimes the

authentic cultural value lost its appeal to some people.

II+ Han') C+ Te%e3"s"on an' sa!e%%"!e "s !he so(rce !o #r"ng g%o#a% c(%!(re !o %oca% c(%!(re+

8o(rna% C(%!(ra% aec! or 9%o#a%"a!"on an' Techno%og"ca% Ipro3een!+

7ccor%ing to this ;ournal +riter prove% that global culture blen% in the local culture because o'

television me%ia. Ehen people constantly see other culture +hich may be attractive in some

%imension can 'orce to practice that culture in social aspect by youth o' a local people +hich can

lea% to practice a mi6 culture in every sector o' social li'e. Eriter %escribes some positive an%

negative aspects o' this issue. he positive things are variation an% the negative thing is loss o'

authenticity in culture by practicing mi6 culture.



; | P a g e

III+ Cran'a%% R+<+ =>(rch!go!!?Ro!h H+ @1;;6A+ Ca#%e TV: reg(%a!"on or cope!"!"on+

Harr"son#(rg V"rg"n"a: R+R+ -one%%e) an' Sons co+

his boo8 %escribe% about the history o' cable 4 an% it5s also 'ocus on the sub;ect matter about

the cable 4 +hich is regulation or competition. 7uthor tries to ;usti'y its argument by giving

some real li'e inci%ent.

IV+ Har! 8+,+ @00/A+ Techno%og) !e%e3"s"on an' cope!"!"on+ Ca#r"'ge Un"3ers"!) Press+

$n the late 1/!s an% 1//!s the a%vance% in%ustrial countries consi%ere% replacing the e6isting

analog television in'rastructure +ith ne+ %igital one. e''rey (artHs boo8 sho+s ho+ nationalism

an% regionalism combine% +ith con'licting i%eas over technology to pro%uce three %i''erent an%

incompatible D4 stan%ar%s in the US apan an% Aurope an outcome +hich has le% to misse%

opportunities in %eveloping the ne+ technologies. (artHs boo8 contributes to our un%erstan%ing

o' relations bet+een business an% government an% o' competition bet+een the +orl%Hs great

economic po+ers.

6+0 *e!ho'o%og):



10 | P a g e

#or my primary research $ con%uct a survey o' a representative sampling o' the general public

+ho are the au%ience o' 3angla 4 channels an% also some people +ho are relate% +ith 4

channels to un%erstan% their reali9ation about the competition bet+een 4 channels. o that en%

$ %esigne% a uestionnaire +ith %i''erent types o' uestions so as to get a range o' use'ul %ata

+hich helpe% me to ans+er my research uestions.

#or my secon%ary research $ use% the resources o' the library an% also consult 'e+ boo8s an%

rea% articles or ;ournal about competition an% its a''ect. $ also use% internet search engine to get

help'ul %ocuments.

6+1 -a!a Co%%ec!"ons Techn"B(e:

Questionnaire an% focus group discussionare the tools 'or myresearch. $ ha% 1! uestions in my

uestionnaire +ith all semi-structured +ay. he uestionnaire +as 'ille% up by "! respon%ents. $

ha% given them enough time to e6press their opinion through uestions relate% to the topic.

Survey +as con%ucte% %irectly by han%ing over the uestionnaire. here'ore any con'usion over

the uestionnaire +as cleare% %uring the survey.

, sap%e o !he 'a!a co%%ec!"on !oo%s:

Ta#%e 1: B(es!"ons an' ans$ers o !he B(es!"onna"re:



11 | P a g e

Guestion ?ptions F *atio

G.1: Do you +atch

4 on your leisuretimeI

<a= Jes <b= No - -

1!!K !K

G.2: Ehat 8in% o'

4 channels you

+atch mostI

<a= 3angla <b= $n%ian <c= Anglish <%= ?thers

2&K 2&K &!K !K

G.": Ehich

language programs

you en;oy mostI

<a= 3angla <b= (in%i <c= Anglish <%= ?thers

1&K "!K &!K &K

G.): Ehat 8in% o' program %o you li8e

to +atch in

3angla%eshichannelsI

<a=

Ne+s

<b=Drama

<Pac8age=

<c=

Drama

<Serial=

<%=Ai%

Program

<e=

$n'ormative

<'=

*eality

Sho+

<g=

al8

Sho+

<h= -

"!K 2&K &K 2&K &K &K &K !K



1 | P a g e

G.&: Do you thin8our 4 channels

copying other 4

channels program'rom other countryI

<a= Jes <b= No <c= Neutral -

!K &K 1&K

G.,: Do you believe

that our 4

channels re'lect thecorrect culture o'

our countryI

<a= Jes <b= No <c= Neutral -

2!K ,&K 1&K

G.: Mention one o'

your 'avorite programs 'rom

3angla channel an%

one 'rom a 'oreignchannel.

I! "s an open?en'e' B(es!"on+

G.: Do you thin8our 4 channels

<a= Jes <b= No <c= Neutral



1. | P a g e

are capable tocompete +ith other

countries 4

channelsI

&!K )&K &K

G./: Do you thin84 channels o'

3angla%esh arehaving a healthy

competition

bet+een each

otherI

<a= Jes <b= No <c= Neutral

,!K 2&K 1&K

G.1!: Erite %o+nsome name o'

3angla%eshi 4channels 'rom your

memory. I! "s an open?en'e' B(es!"on+

4+0 >"n'"ngs an' Res(%!s

1A C%ass""ca!"on o '"eren! age gro(p o

) research paper:

>"n'"ngs: Ma;ority o' my respon%ents is in



1/ | P a g e

bet+een age o' 21-2) years@ in terms o' ,&K o' respon%ents out o' 1!!K since or target group

+as NSU stu%ents. 7 higher portion o' respon%ents belongs to age group o' 1,-2! years. &K o'

respon%ents are above 2& years.

A Par!"c"pa!"on o a%e an' ea%e respon'en!s "n ) research paper:

55%45%

Gender1st Qtr

2nd Qtr

>"n'"ngs: &&K o' total respon%ents o' my research are male@ the accurate number is 1 out o' "!

respon%ents. *ests "&K o' the respon%ents are 'emale. $t sho+s that male is more active

participants o' our research paper an% they %o not 'ear to %isclose their personal matter in 'ront o'

my research uestionnaire.

.A -o )o( $a!ch TV on )o(r %e"s(re !"e

#emale

Male &&K



15 | P a g e

>"n'"ngs: Averyone sai% yes on this uestion that5s mean they +ere per'ect au%ience 'or my

research.

/A <ha! D"n' o TV channe%s )o( $a!ch os!

a) Bangla

b) Indian

c) Englis

d) !ters

>"n'"ngs: Most o' the people have the choice o' Anglish in their option aroun% &!K. #or 3angla

K $n%ian option $ got similar type o' ans+er an% that is 2&K each. 3ecause my survey happene%

only in NSU so most o' my au%ience belongs 'rom an e%ucational F upper class 'amily

bac8groun% an% that5s +hy they are very com'ortable +ith the Anglish 4 programs.

5A <h"ch %ang(age progras )o( eno) os!



16 | P a g e

Bangla

"indiEnglis

!ters

>"n'"ngs: 7s my target people on survey mostly +atch Anglish programs so they also en;oy

Anglish programs most o' the time.

6A <ha! D"n' o progra 'o )o( %"De !o $a!ch "n &ang%a'esh" channe%s FYo( can choose

ore !han one+G

1

10



14 | P a g e

>"n'"ngs: he 'in%ings 'rom this uestion are very important in%ication. Let5s %iscuss the result

'or the uestion. he highest ans+er came 'or the 'irst option +hich is ne+s an% its "!K 'or

pac8age %rama its 2&K 'or Ai% programs it5s also 2&K F 'or others option the ratio is very

poor. $ 'in% a very interesting 'act in this ans+er that is uniue programs is popular among

au%ience. Li8e ne+s Ai% program5s +hich is seasonal is base% on our o+n country F culture

have highest ratio o' ans+er. 7nother highest ans+er came 'or pac8age %rama +hich is very

uniue compare to other countries 4 channels.

4A -o )o( !h"nD o(r TV channe%s cop)"ng o!her TV channe%s progra ro o!her co(n!r)

#es

$o$etral

>"n'"ngs: he result in this uestion is !K $s 'or yes 1&K 'or no an% &K is 'or neutral. his is

a clear in%ication that au%ience can easily compare a program o' our country +ith other 'oreign

programs. Some o' them are 'ranchises but others are clearly copie% by its style presentation or

may be in storyline.



1 | P a g e

A -o )o( #e%"e3e !ha! o(r TV channe%s re%ec! !he correc! c(%!(re o o(r co(n!r)

#es

$o

$etral

>"n'"ngs:$n the response in this uestion ,&K people sai% no 2!K people sai% yes an% 1&K

people sai% they are neutral about the uestion. his is a clear in%ication that people can easily

'in% out that no+ a %ays our 4 channels not re'lecting our true culture over there program5s.

;A *en!"on one o )o(r a3or"!e progras ro &ang%a channe% an' one ro a ore"gn

channe%+

>"n'"ngs: $n the response o' this uestion $ 'in% out very interesting %ata because it +as an open

en%ing uestion. #or 3angla programs $ got mostly$tta%i Ne+s Drama <Pac8age= al8 Sho+.



1; | P a g e

#or #oreign program $ got Eal8ing Dea% #*$ANDS ?BBJ Man vs. Eil% 0$D $PL etc. $t is

noticeable that 'or 'oreign program $ got speci'ic names but 'or the 3angla programs $ got

generali9e% names mostly. People 'rom my survey can remember 'oreign programs then 3angla

programs.

10A -o )o( !h"nD o(r TV channe%s are capa#%e !o cope!e $"!h o!her co(n!r"es TV

channe%s

Sales

#es

$o

$etral

>"n'"ngs: $n the response o' this uestion &!K ans+er +as yes )&K +as no an% &K +as

neutral. $ts in%icate that our au%ience have con'i%ence an% believe on our o+n 4 channels.

11A -o )o( !h"nD TV channe%s o &ang%a'esh are ha3"ng a hea%!h) cope!"!"on #e!$een

each o!her



0 | P a g e

#es

$o

$etral

>"n'"ngs: here +as mi6e% opinion in this uestion as +ell. ,!K o' people agree that our 4

channels having a healthy competition bet+een each other. 2&K o' the people 'rom the survey

%on5t agree +ith that opinion an% 1&K people +ere neutral.

1A <r"!e 'o$n soe nae o &ang%a'esh" TV channe%s ro )o(r eor)+ @eg+ &TVA



1 | P a g e

>"n'"ngs: $t +as an open en%ing uestion to un%erstan% that my target au%ience in the survey

+hich channels they +atch most 'rom our o+n country. $ got mostly -1! names in average 'rom

all the ans+erer o' this uestion.

:0 -"sc(ss"on an' Conc%(s"on

7'ter observing the 'in%ings +e can say that the hypotheses +e mention at the beginning are

prove% as positively. he hypotheses +ere:

H-1: For development in quality, mix cultures are practiced in TV channels hich harm our on

culture! 4 channels can %ominate the cultural assault through their programs. hey ;ust nee% toconsi%er our social norms values cultures +hen they are going to increase their program uality

to beat each other.

H-": #ompetition increases the technological factor in TV channels of our country! Survey is

sho+ing people thin8 that 4 channels are using a%vance% technology to enrich the uality.

0hannels are using the technology so that they provi%e the current ne+s +ith minimum time to

their au%ience. $' there +oul% be only one channel that +oul% rule this sector then competition

+oul% not be arise an% channels authority +oul% not thin8 to have the a%vancement o'

technology. 0hannels are continuously competing each other to give their au%ience better

satis'actions.

H-$: #ompetition %rings variation in TV channel programs and increase quality of

entertainment! No+-a-%ays +e +atch in the 4 screen that +e are coming bac8 +ithin "!sec5.

Ee o'ten +atch this +hen there is commercial brea8 %uring %ramas or other sho+s. 7ll the 4

channels %o not sho+ it. #e+ o' them %o it so that they can hol% their au%ience. During the

'estival time li8e Ai% Pu;a 4 channels telecast special programs 'or ,C %ays. Aven they +ant

to grab the most +ell-8no+n 'ace 'or their channel. 4 channels are consi%ering the 'acts only

'or au%ience satis'actions. 3asically they all +ant to ta8e place in their au%ience heart.

hus +hat +e believe 4 channels can %o better by telecasting uality programs +ith 'ocus on

our culture our history an% our ethos an% less on money ma8ing gree%. Previous time there +ere

some maga9ines 7pnar Doctor5 hoste% by Dr3a%ru%o99a0ho+%hury o%i 8ichhuMone Na



| P a g e

>oren5 by #a9leLohani or Mati o Manush5 by Shy8hSira; +ere popular. hey visite% many

remote areas an% brought up +ith ne+ talent. $tta%i by (ani'Shan8et is still popular 'or a long

time as he is trying similar li8e program. No+ +e nee% program that can generate some creative

thoughts among the brain o' our young generation so that our country can go ahea% smoothly

+ith a ;ealousy achievement in cultural political an% socio-economic an% technological sectors.

Some suggestions:

1. he programs +hich are uniue an% match +ith our o+n culture can grab more au%ience.

2. 0ommercial brea8s shoul% be limite% an% at a tolerable level.

". Di''erentiate bet+een other channels.

;+0 Reerence:

Guality is the single most lea%ing 'orce lea%ing to the economic gro+th o' companies in

$nternational mar8et5 <#eigenbaum1/2 p.22=Dogu Argil <September ! 2!1"=. Blobali9ation is a phenomenon create% through

human activity that in turn constantly changes human activityCbehavior55. Sun%ays

aman.e''rey 7. elevision an% satellite is the source to bring global culture to local culture.

echnology television an% 0ompetition: 0ambri%ge.

0arol 7 an% Davi% 7. <1//)= Guality is value5 ournal o' De'ining Guality:7lternatives an% $mplications 1/<"=:)2!

Druc8er P. <1/),=0oncept o' corporation. Unites States: ohn Day

Smith 7. <1,= Eealth o' Nations. Scotlan%: E. Strahan an% . 0a%ell Lon%on

http:CC+++.to%ays9aman.comCcolumnists-2!)/"-social-an%-cultural-impacts-o'-globali9ation.html

http:CCboo8s.google.co.inCboo8sI

hlenFlrFi%J2gPc$pt,)0Foi'n%FpgP71F%competitionK2!increasesK2!ualityK2!K"7K2!isK2!itK2!trueK2!'orK2!tv

K2!channelsFotsoa308"U!oFsigP4(*iG6'*p!sANG!U+$pl836UAOvonepage

FcompetitionK2!increasesK2!ualityK2!K"7K2!isK2!itK2!trueK2!'orK2!tvK2!channelsF''alse

http://www.todayszaman.com/columnists-204938-social-and-cultural-impacts-of-globalization.html


http://books.google.co.in/books?hl=en&lr&id=Y2gPcIpt6q4C&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=competition%20increases%20quality%20%3A%20is%20it%20true%20for%20tv%20channels&ots=oaBCk3U08o&sig=PVHRiQx8fRp0sENQ0UwIplkBxUE#v=onepage&q=competition%20increases%20quality%20%3A%20is%20it%20true%20for%20tv%20channels&f=false













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