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Competency Unit – Study Sheets 1

(CU-SS1A)

ANSWERS

This Manual is part of the Delivery (Training) for the Nationally Recognised Health Training Package:

Certificate IV in Massage Therapy Practice (HLT40312)

Competency Unit – Study Sheets 1 (CU-SS1A) – Answers CU-SS1 STD ANS Rev. 002

Copyright © 2014 Melbourne College of Professional Therapists of 80

Training Package Information

Course Relevance Certificate IV in Massage Therapy Practice HLT40312

The following Health Training Package Unit(s) are Aligned with this Subject:

Unit Description BSBWOR203B Work effectively with others

This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to work in a group environment promoting team commitment and cooperation, supporting team members and dealing effectively with issues, problems and conflict

HLTCOM404C Communicate effectively with clients

This unit covers the skills required by practitioners to establish and maintain effective communication with the client throughout all interactions and provide basic counselling as required and as appropriate to facilitate the treatment or health service being provided

HLTCOM405D Administer a practice

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to provide administration for a clinical health practice according to the size and scale of the business

HLTCOM406C Make referrals to other health care professionals when appropriate

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to arrange referrals to other health care professionals when required

HLTCOM408D Use specific health terminology to communicate effectively

This unit covers the skills required to understand and respond to instructions, carry out routine tasks and communicate with a range of internal and external clients in a health care practice, using appropriate practice-specific health terminology

HLTHIR301B Communicate and work effectively in health

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to work effectively in a health setting with clients, staff, visitors, suppliers and others to meet established work requirements

HLTWHS300A Contribute to WHS processes

This unit specifies the workplace performance required by a worker to contribute to work health and safety (WHS) processes where there is responsibility for own work outputs and possibly limited responsibility for the work output of others

HLTIN301C Comply with infection control policies and procedures

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required for workers to comply with infection control policies and procedures. All procedures must be carried out in accordance with current infection control guidelines, Australian and New Zealand Standards for maintaining infection control and the policies and procedures of the organisation

HLTAP401B Confirm physical health status

This unit of competency describes a detailed level of knowledge of anatomy and physiology required to confirm physical health status

HLTREM401D Work within a massage framework

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to work effectively within a massage framework

HLTREM406C Provide massage treatment

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to administer client basic massage treatment according to the philosophy and practices of a massage therapy framework

HLTREM407C Plan massage treatment

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to prepare clients for basic massage and negotiate treatment with them

HLTREM408C Apply massage assessment framework

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to interpret information gathered in the health assessment and make and review accurate assessment for basic massage treatment

HLTREM409C Perform massage health assessment

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to observe the condition of the client and gather information relevant to the case in order to provide a basic massage



These notes are Copyright © 2014 by SDCA PTY LTD trading as Melbourne College of Professional Therapists (MCPT). All rights reserved. No part of these notes may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or

transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the express written permission of SDCA PTY LTD.

Published September 2013

Revised January 2014

www.mcpt.edu.au

Wheelers Hill Campus Burwood Highway Campus Dorset Road Campus Postal Address Suite 1 (College), Suite 5 (Clinic), Lifestyle Complex

Right pathway entrance, next to Lifestyle Gym (Cnr: Ferntree Gully Rd & Jells Rd) Wheelers Hill, VIC 3150, Australia

823 Burwood Hwy (Cnr: Mossfield Ave)

Ferntree Gully, VIC 3156

91 Dorset Rd (Cnr: Edina Rd)

Ferntree Gully, VIC 3156

PO Box 3171 Wheelers Hill,VIC 3150

Australia

MCPT owned by SDCA PTY LTD. ABN: 73 100 095 869 Phone: 9562 2280 Fax: 9560 4523 Phone: 9752 2222 Phone: 9758 8166



Contents

# Section Type Page

A Instructions 6

1 BSBWOR203B Work effectively with others 7-11

1.1 Code of Ethics N/A 8

1.2 Student Clinic Guidelines and Protocols N/A 8

1.3 Clinic Operations Answers 9

1.4 Staff/Personnel Roles and Responsibilities N/A 11

2 HLTCOM404C Communicate effectively with clients 12-15

2.1 Client Communication Answers 13

2.2 Referrals (Principles) N/A 15

2.3 Referrals (Referral Plan Foundations) N/A 15

2.4 Referrals (Referral Plans) N/A 15

3 HLTCOM405D Administer a practice 16-20

3.1 Professional Practice Answers 17

3.2 Clinic Operations Answers 19

4 HLTCOM406C Make referrals to other health care prof. when appropriate 21-24

4.1 Referrals Answers 22

5 HLTCOM408D Use spec. health terminology to communicate effectively 25-28

5.1 Health Terminology Answers 26

5.2 CMT Treatment Report N/A 28

5.3 Massage 1 Treatment Report N/A 28



6 HLTHIR301C Communicate and work effectively in health 29-31

6.1 Health Work Answers 30

7 HLTWHS300A Contribute to WHS processes 32-35

7.1 WHS Answers 33

7.2 Workplace Inspection N/A 35

7.3 NSW OHS Policy N/A 35

8 HLTIN301C Comply with infection control policies and procedures 36-48

8.1 Hygiene, Sanitation and Safety Answers 37

8.2 Pathology Answers 40

9 HLTAP401B Confirm physical health status 49-56

9.1 Client Health Answers 50

9.2 Body and Trunk Muscles Answers 52

9.3 Skeleton and Spine Answers 55

10 HLTREM401D Work within a massage framework 57-66

10.1 Massage Framework Answers 58

10.2 Massage Techniques Answers 60



# Section Type Page

11 HLTREM406C Provide massage treatment 67-69

11.1 Massage Provision Answers 68

12 HLTREM407C Plan massage treatment 70-72

12.1 Relaxation Massage Planning Answers 71

12.2 Therapeutic Massage Planning Answers 72

13 HLTREM408C Apply massage assessment framework 73-76

13.1 Relaxation Massage Assessment Framework Answers 74

13.2 Therapeutic Massage Assessment Framework Answers 75

14 HLTREM409C Perform massage health assessment 77-79

14.1 Relaxation Massage Assessment Answers 78

14.2 Therapeutic Massage Assessment Answers 79

15 HLTFA311A Apply first aid 80



A Instructions

These Study Sheets Answers are for the Question type Activities in the Study Sheets.

1. Use these Answers as described in the Instructions to the Study Sheets.

2. Do not make any marks on these Answers.



1 Work effectively with others BSBWOR203B

This unit describes the performance outcomes, skills and knowledge required to work in a

group environment promoting team commitment and cooperation, supporting team members and dealing effectively with issues, problems and conflict. This unit applies to individuals who perform a range of routine tasks using a limited range of practical skills and fundamental knowledge of teamwork in a defined context under direct supervision or with limited individual responsibility. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



1.1 Code of Ethics BSBWOR203B

For this particular Competency Unit Subsection there are no activities that require Answers.

1.2 SC Guidelines/Protocols BSBWOR203B


1.3 Student Induction Checklist BSBWOR203B




1.4 Clinic Operations BSBWOR203B

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the Questions for this Activity: 1. Write simple instructions describing one of the following tasks:

a. MCPT Clinic Unavailability Procedure b. How to take a Student Clinic telephone booking c. What to do if a client enquires about studying at MCPT

c. If a client enquires about studying at MCPT their details must be written in

the campus communication book. Clearly write their full name, landline

telephone number and mobile telephone number. Repeat it back to them to

ensure accuracy. This information must immediately be referred to Dr McKail

or the Wheelers Hill campus. Do not engage the person in conversations about

the course etc, Advise them that a member of the administration team will

contact them shortly.

2. If you have concerns about the behaviour of a fellow student or a client, do you (circle all that are applicable)? a. Speak to another student b. Speak to clinic supervisor c. Tell no one d. Speak to a member of the administration team e. Speak to the Student Welfare officer

3. Clinic rosters are available (circle all that are applicable)

a. By calling Administration b. On the MCPT website c. By calling the Wheelers Hill Campus d. They are not available to students

4. What does WHS stand for?

Work Health and Safety

5. Which government regulation dictates that client files may not be left in public view or removed from clinc campuses? a. WHS b. Privacy Regulations c. Anti-discriminatory Regulations d. Anti-bullying regulations



6. Name the MCPT team members in the following postions:

a) Principal Dr Thomas McKail b) Clinic Campus Manager for your Clinic Campus Tanya, Manfred or Keith c) Student Welfare Officer Liz Sharkey d) Training and Operations Manager Mr Grant Walters

7. Describe and example of feedback you have received while undertaking Clinic Placement.

Who was the feedback from, what was the feedback, what did you do in response to that feedback. (please note, feedback may be positive, negative or constructive).

Had a client who was upset that there had been an error in their booking. They

arrived for session and there was no booking for them. Client had made the

booking by telephone.

I asked the client to take a seat, called the other clinic and checked if they had

a booking there. They did. I advised the client that when making the booking they

had rung the wrong clinic and if they wanted to go to the other clinic they could

have a massage.

Client was very apologetic and went to the other campus.

Feedback from the campus manager was that I handled the situation very calmly,

professionally and effectively.

8. Where do you find the MCPT Student Code of Conduct?

On www.mcpt.com.au or www.mcpt.edu.au websites.

http://www.mcpt.com.au/

http://www.mcpt.edu.au/



1.5 Staff/Personnel Roles and Responsibilities BSBWOR203B




2 Communicate effectively with clients HLTCOM404C

This unit covers the skills required by practitioners to establish and maintain effective

communication with the client throughout all interactions and provide basic counselling as required and as appropriate to facilitate the treatment or health service being provided. This unit applies to work in a range of health settings where health services are provided with direct client contact involved. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



2.1 Client Communication HLTCOM404C

Activity 1: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. Describe a situation where you have dealt with a client with special needs (eg language

difficulty, physical disablity or cultural needs). What was the difficulty, how did you you deal with it, what was the outcome?

Clients often come in with limited english speaking skills. You have to speak slowly

and clearly. Before treating you may need to show the clients which areas you will

be working on to gain consent. This should be done before the client removes any

clothing so they do not feel uncomfortable. Make sure they understand what you

will be doing before undertaking any treatment.

2. Describe a time when a client’s behaviour made you feel uncomfortable. What occurred, what did you do and what was the outcome?

One male client always requests male therapists. He removes all his clothing,

including underwear. During treatment he makes uncomfortable and inappropriate

noises. I advised the client that he needs to leave his underwear on during

treatment sessions and when he starts making noises I stop the treatment and

ask him to take a few deep breaths. If he continues, I have told him that I will

cease the treatment as it is obvoius that he is unable to relax. I have discussed

this behaviour with the supervisor and noted it on his client history sheet. The

client has not returned since I terminated his last session.

3. What articles of clothing do you advise clients to remove prior to a General Relaxation Massage session?

I advise the client to remove any items of clothing that they are comfortable

with. I request that they leave their briefs on. If they are not comfortable

removing their clothing, I adapt the treatment accordingly.

4. If you have been seeing a client regularly, you may give them your mobile phone number so they can contact you directly to make an appointment. False.



Activity 2: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. As a massage therapist, what type of counselling principle is most appropriate in a

relaxation massage session? a. Client-centered b. Holistic health c. Strength based d. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy e. Solution Focussed Therapy

2. A client presents with classic signs of clinical depression. What do you do?

a. Listen to them with empathy and suggest they should discuss their symptoms with a GP

b. Tell them you suspect they are depressed and tell them to have a few glasses of wine to help them unwind

c. Tell them that regular massages will fix their problems d. Suggest a homepathic anti anxiety/stress relief medication



2.2 Referrals (Principles) HLTCOM404C


2.3 Referrals (Referral Plan Foundations) HLTCOM404C


2.4 Referrals (Referral Plans) HLTCOM404C




3 Administer a practice HLTCOM405D

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to provide

administration for a clinical health practice according to the size and scale of the business. This unit applies to work in a range of health settings where health services are provided with direct client contact involved. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



3.1 Professional Practice HLTCOM405D

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. Name two therapists at your campus who are able to provide health fund rebates to

Professional Appointments:

Liz, Keith, Tanya, Manfred, Dr McKail

2. Describe the way you would process a client when they present at the reception counter (ie the sequence of events):

Greet the client

Find out there name and check booking

Collect fee

Ask client to take a seat

Write in the appointment book that the fee has been collected, and place

money in SC envelopoe.

Review client file

Check treatment room

Take client into treatment room and commence pre treatement interview

3. When a new client arrives for their first student clinic appointment, what do you do first? a. Collect their fee b. Ask them to take a seat c. Request they fill in a client history sheet d. Request they fill in a Student Clinic Policy Sheet e. Take them into the treatment room.

4. Who is required to sign off on clinic monies at the end of each clinic placement shift?

a. Supervisor only b. Student and supervisor c. Student only d. Clinic Campus Manager

5. What information is written on a Clinic Placement Log Pack?

Date

Time of treatment session

Client name

Money collected

Campus location

6. Name the three types of Student Clinic treatments that are offered at MCPT Clinics:

a) General Relaxation

b) Theraputic

c) Remedial



7. How long is a Remedial Student Clinic Treatment Session? a. 1 hour b. 45 minutes c. 30 minutes d. 25 minutes

8. What is the procedure if you become aware a campus is running low on hand wash?

a. Go to the shop and buy some more b. Advise the Supervisor and write in communication book c. Ring Administration and tell them d. Do nothing – someone else will notice soon enough!

9. A client is permitted to undertake two consecutive student clinic appointments (eg one

booking for 10am followed by another at 11am). False.

10. A client may request to be treated by a therapist of a particular sex. True.



3.2 Clinic Operations HLTCOM405D

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions. Sign when checked Reception – Counter

1. Client approaches the clinic reception and has a serious complaint, do you: a. Ask the client to take a seat b. Immediately locate a supervisor who is free and available to attend to

the complaint c. Write down their name and phone number and tell them someone will call

back d. Listen to their complaint and then ask for a supervisor to attend to client

2. Client whilst standing near reception, in a unthreatening manner and only wishes to help - moves around to behind the counter where you are standing or sitting - and opens appointment sheets to help you arrange a time for them, do you: a. Abruptly ask the client to move away b. Press the alarm button which will alarm the police to attend c. Stand up and run out of the clinic d. With a smile and using your body language – hand gesture, advise the

client to move to the other side of the reception counter

3. Client does not have the proper amount of money for service fee and requires some change – you do not have any change in your money envelope, do you: a. Leave your position in the clinic and go to your car for change b. Seek some money change from your supervisor who is nearby and free

to attend to you c. Look for some change in student clinic envelops and make sure the money is

lost d. Tell the client to go home and never come back without the proper amount of

money

Reception – Telephone

4. You have a Telemarketing Consultant phone the clinic and wants to seek information, do you: a. Answer their questions b. Give the details they require c. Seek instruction from administration d. Write their details down and buzz admin advising the details so they

may decide to attend to the call or not

Hygiene

5. You drop your hand towel on the ground, do you: a. Pick it up and re-use it b. Place it in the linen basket and obtain a fresh clean hand towel c. Re-fold it and put it in the cupboard hoping someone else will use it d. Ask the supervisor what to do as it is hard to make up your mind

Treatment Table

6. When you take off soiled linen, towels, sheets, etc, do you: a. Take off the sheets, towels and place them on the ground and then place

fresh linen on table b. Take off the sheets, towels and place them on the desk and then place fresh

linen on table c. Take off the sheets, towels and place immediately in the dirty linen



basket and the place fresh linen on treatment table d. Take off the sheets, towels and place them on the chair and then place fresh

linen on table

7. When you finish your appointment, do you: a. Lower the electric treatment table to the lowest point, so it jams every time it

goes up b. Lower the electric treatment table to the lowest point, because you just want

to c. Lower the electric treatment table below knee height, so the table does not

jam up d. Never lower the electric treatment table down to lowest point so it does

not get jammed, lower it to a reasonable height

8. You find the electric treatment table not working, do you: a. Using both hands force it up b. Ask your supervisor to attend to this immediately c. Phone the manufacturer and tell them their machines don’t work d. Write the issue with the treatment table in the communication book and

ask your supervisor to attend to this immediately

Client/Patient Files

9. You take Patient Files out of the file section, do you: a. Place these documents on the sink area where you wash your hands b. Stand the files upright in the proper alphabet section c. Take all the report sheets out and put them back in the wrong spot to annoy

the next person d. Have no idea what to do and must ask your supervisor

10. The report - file that you are looking for cannot be located by you, do you: a. Continue to look for the report – file and then give up when you cannot locate

it b. Ask a client to look for it while you make a coffee c. Continue to look for the report and then after making all effort to locate

it, you then ask for assistance by another Student or Supervisor d. Give up, go home and have a shower

11. Client is 65 years of age, present good health, and looks fit and good muscular tone. The client on history sheet claims to take medication for heart and blood pressure. Your supervisor is not free to attend to your needs do you: a. Seek advice form a junior student who has no idea what to do b. Advise the client for health and safety reasons, due to their medication

and health condition – that you will give them a light massage session for 10 minutes and give a 4 minutes recovery session, this will occur 3 times – which will be close to 42 minutes. You will also tell them to sit upright during recovery break and drinks some water that you have left behind in the room for them.

c. Make up a session and have no idea what to do d. Give them a session, with no breaks and give them hard massage until they

feel uncomfortable

Sign



4 Make referrals to other health care prof. when appropriate HLTCOM406C

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to arrange referrals to

other health care professionals when required. This unit applies to work in a range of health settings where health services are provided with direct client contact involved. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



4.1 Referrals HLTCOM406C

Activity 1: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. If you feel the need to refer a client while at MCPT do you?

a. Ring their GP and discuss the clients history b. Refer the client “in-house” to a more experienced therapist c. Advise the client to visit the local Physiotherapist

2. What is complementary health?

A group of diagnostic and theraputic disiplines that are used together in

conjuction with traditional medicine.

3. Describe the function of the following complementary health care fields:

a) Accupuncture Invovles the use of needles and traditional chinese priciples to

treat a variety of ailments

b) Chiropractor Use a varitey of non surgical treatments such as spinal

manipulation and joint mobilistation to decrease pain and increase

movement

c) Naturopath A holistic system of healing using a range of natural treatments

such as diet, exercise and massage to treat many ailments with

out the use of drugs

d) Osteopath Emphasises the treatment of medical disorders through the

manipulation of the bones, joints and muscle

e) Myotherapist A form of manual therapy focussing on the diagnosis, treatment

and management of musculoskeletal paing

4. Clients are permitted to take copies of their own Client History sheet to show to their GP.

False.

5. As a Massage Therapist, you are permitted to write medical certificates for clients if they

require time off work.

False.



6. Describe an instance when you have referred a client to a more experienced therapist? Why

did you refer them, how did you refer them, what was the outcome?

I have referred clients to Dr McKail for accupuncture treatement if they have

not shown an improvement after several massage sessions. I explain to the client

that they may get more relief by undergoing a series of treatments with

accupuncture and then returning for regular massage sessions when their pain has

decreased.

7. At Health Life Clinic, what is the cost of:

a) ½ hour Professional Appointment $ 35

b) 1 Hour Professional Appointment $ 50



Activity 2: Case Study Suggested Answer Here is a possible Answer.

21 Old Port Road

Refreshmentville

Victoria, 0005

Fri 13 May, 2012

Attention:

Mr Imin Pain

Remedial Massage Therapist

Broken Arm Medical Centre

Plaster Rd

Ouchville

Vic, 9999

Dear Mr Pain,

Rita has been visiting our clinic for approx. 6 months for regular general relaxation

massage. She recently undertook some renovation work at home and for the last 3

weeks she has been experiencing pain and restricted active range of motion in her

right shoulder and forearm.

Following three consecutive treatments focussing on deep tissue work to R rotator

cuff, she is still not showing any signs of improvement.

I refer her to you for further treatment.

Regards,

Tom Jones

Massage Therapist (Certificate IV in Massage Therapy Practice)



5 Use specific health terminology to communicate effectively HLTCOM408D

This unit covers the skills required to understand and respond to instructions, carry out

routine tasks and communicate with a range of internal and external clients in a health care practice, using appropriate practice-specific health terminology. This unit applies to work in a range of health settings where health services are provided with direct client contact involved. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



5.1 Health Terminology HLTCOM408D

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. When is the most appropriate time to write a client treatment report?

a. Before the commencement of a treatment session

b. At the start of a Clinic Placement Shift

c. Immediately following the conclusion of a treatment session

d. At the conclusion of a Clinic Placement shift

2. What is the difference between the organisations MCPT and Healthy Life Clinic?

MCPT is the training branch of the organsiation

Healthy Life Clinic is the professional Services of the organistation

3. If you have difficulty reading a client history sheet, do you: a. Not worry. It doesn’t affect your treatment report.

b. Ask a client what type of treatment they have had in the past.

c. Ask a supervisor or experienced student to help you interpret the report

4. When writing a treatment report, what information must you write at the end?

Type of app ($15 SC 1 hr), Time of appointment, Your full name

5. Write the date 12/12/12 in MCPT required format:

Mon 12 Dec 2012



6. What do the following abbreviations stand for?

a) MCPT Melbourne College of Professional Therapists

b) HLC Healthy Life Clinic

c) CP Clinic Placement

d) CPLP Clinic Placement Log Pack

e) CFF Cross Fibre Friction

f) MFR Myofascial Release

g) AROM Active Range of Motion

h) PROM Passive range of motion

i) Trap Trapezius

j) SCM Sternocleidomastoideus

k) ITB Iliotibial Band

l) TFL Tensor Fasciae Latae

m) LF Longitudinal Friction

n) Pet Petrissage

o) Eff Effleurage

p) GRM General Relaxation Massage

q) Rem tx Remedial Treatment

r) C/O Complains of

s) Nil None

t) DIP Digital Ishaemic Pressure

u) P+R Press and Release



5.2 CMT Treatment Report HLTCOM408D


5.3 Massage 1 Treatment Report HLTCOM408D








6 Communicate and work effectively in health HLTHIR301C

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to work effectively in a

health setting with clients, staff, visitors, suppliers and others to meet established work requirements. This unit applies to work in a range of health settings such as:

specific community

community, regional or remote service provider

department of a large institution or organisation

specialised service or organisation

private provider

Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



6.1 Health Work HLTHIR301C

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. What is the definition of “duty of care”?

A legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that the adhere to a standard

of reasonable care while performing any act that could foreseebly harm others.

2. What is the definition of “client-centred approach to health care”?

An approach to service delivery ensuring that services are delivered in parternship

with the client. The client is actively informed of all their options and they are

ultimatley the one that makes all decisions in relation to their treatment.

3. It is appropriate to ask a client “how are you feeling” when the approach the Clinic reception

desk.

False.

4. If you have concerns about a client’s medical history, where is it appropriate to discuss

these concerns with your supervisor?

a. At the reception counter b. In front of another client c. On the telephone at reception d. In a vacant treatment room or other private area

5. Students are permitted to remove client history sheets from a Clinic Campus.

False.

6. Name 3 training videos that are available on the MCPT website to assist student study:

Treatment Spectrum, Basic 4, Basic 5, Petrissage 3, Friction 1 & 2, Shoulder,

Arms, Hands, Fingers, Effleurage 3, Lean etc

7. What is conflict of interest? Give an example.

When an individual or an organsization is involved in multiple interests, one of

which could possibly corrupt the motivation for an act in the other.

Eg. a realestate agent sells a property to a family member. He may not be

striving to get the best price for the vendor.



8. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

a) What is an example Personal Protective Equipment?

Latex-free gloves.

b) When should it be used in the Student Clinic environment?

Should be used whenever the therapist or client has an open wound or when

infection may be a risk.

9. Prior to a treatment session a client advises you they are off work because they have a high

fever. What action do you take?

a. Wear a surgical mask during the treatment to reduce chance of you becoming infected b. Advise the client that you are unable to treat them, and ask them to return when

they are no longer ill c. Treat the client, but change the linens at the end of the treatment session d. Treat the client and wash your hands thoroughly at the conclusion of the session

10. When should hands be washed whilst undertaking Clinic Placement?

Immediately before and after a treatment session. After going to the bathroom.

Before and after eating.



7 Contribute to WHS processes HLTWHS300A

This unit specifies the workplace performance required by a worker to contribute to work

health and safety (WHS) processes where there is responsibility for own work outputs and possibly limited responsibility for the work output of others. Application of this unit should be contextualised to reflect any specific workplace risks, hazards and associated safety practices. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



7.1 WHS HLTWHS300A

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. List 5 potential hazards that could be present within your massage clinic practice:

Hazard Risk

a) Open flames if candles burning Potential for fire b) Cables on floor Tripping danger c) Treatment tables not adjustable

height

Strain on therapists back d) Unstable chairs May break when client or therapist sits

down e) Treatment table coverings hanging

onto floor

Tripping danger

2. What is the risk associated with each of these hazards (answer in box above)?

See above (Risk).

3. For one of these hazards describe, through the “hierarchy of controls” how the risk could be

minimized (eg. the hazard could be cables on the floor. They cannot be removed or

substituted so mechanical controls such as covers for the cables could be implemented to

reduce risk of tripping over cables).

Candles could be replaced with LED lights to create and ambience but does not

pose a fire hazard. This example alllows for the hazard to be removed.

4. The current government system for managing OHS in Victoria is:

a. The Victorian OHS Authority b. The Victorian WorkCover Authority c. The Federal WorkCare Authority

5. What is a type of PPE that would be used by a massage therapist?

a. Steel capped boots b. Ear plugs c. Latex-free gloves d. Hi-visibility vest e. Helmet

6. At MCPT, who would you discuss OHS concerns with?

Campus manager, supervisor or member of Adminstration team.



7. When conducting a workplace inspection, the three basic steps you undertake are:

a. Identify hazards, remove the hazard and ensure training of staff b. List hazards, control hazards, avoid hazards c. Assess risk, control hazards, list hazards d. List hazards, assess risks, control hazards

8. What is the most common form of workplace injury in the Health and Aged Care Sector?

Back injury caused by incorrect lifting techniques.

9. What is Brodie’s Law?

A law which makes it an offence to bully in the workplace.

10. Which of the following is not an environmental condition which should not be controlled in

the workplace?

a. Noise b. Ventilation c. Colour d. Temperature

11. The correct lifting technique involves bending your:

a. Knees b. Back c. Neck d. Elbows



7.2 Workplace Inspection HLTWHS300A


7.3 NSW OHS Policy HLTWHS300A




8 Comply with infection control policies and procedures HLTIN301C

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required for workers to comply

with infection control policies and procedures. All procedures must be carried out in accordance with current infection control guidelines, Australian and New Zealand Standards for maintaining infection control and the policies and procedures of the organisation. This unit acknowledges the importance of complying with an effective infection control strategy that ensures the safety of the client (or end-user of health-related products/services), maintains personal protection and prevents the transmission of infections from person to person. This unit is applicable to workers who are responsible for following workplace procedures to maintain infection control. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



8.1 Hygiene, Sanitation and Safety HLTIN301C

Activity 1: Blanks Filled in Here are the blanks for each question. Sign when checked.

1. One of the best ways to control disease is to stay healthy. Smoking is

considered one of the leading causes of disease. Because the massage

therapist works physically close to the client, any smoke odours from the

therapist are reason of concern.

2. Because they affect thinking, feeling, behaviour, and functioning, the therapist

must never be under the influence of alcohol or other drugs when working with a

client.

3. The massage therapist must pay careful attention to personal hygiene. The

massage therapist should not wear perfume, aftershave, or perfumed hair

products. Many clients are sensitive to these odours. Hair must not fall onto the

face of the therapist or drag on the client.

4. Nails should be short and well-manicured. Any hangnails, breaks, or cracks in

the skin of the hands must be kept clean and covered during a massage.

Massage uniforms should be loose and made of cotton or cotton blend.

5. Clothing should be laundered in a disinfectant, usually bleach. If the client or the

therapist is ill, and there is any concern that the condition is contagious, the

massage therapist should refer or reschedule the client until the condition changes.

6. Sanitary methods promote conditions that are conducive to health. That means

that pathogenic organisms must be eliminated or controlled. Viruses invade cells

and insert their own genetic code into the host cell’s genetic code.

7. Bacteria are primitive cells without nuclei. They produce disease by secreting

toxic substances that damage human tissues, by becoming parasites inside

human cells, or by forming colonies in the body that disrupt normal human function.

8. Fungi are a group of simple parasitic organisms similar to plants but without

chlorophyll (green pigment). Yeasts are small, single-celled fungi, and moulds

are large, multi-cellular fungi. Fungal or mycotic infections often resist treatment, so they can become quite serious.

9. Protozoa are one-celled organisms larger than bacteria that can infest human

fluids and cause disease by parasitizing (living off) or directly destroying cells.

10. Pathogenic animals, sometimes called metazoa, are large, multi-cellular

organisms. Most are worms that feed off human tissue or cause other disease

processes.

11. The key to preventing many diseases caused by pathogenic organisms is

to stop organisms from entering the human body.

12. Proper hand washing is the single most effective deterrent to the spread of

disease. Universal precautions issued by the CDC in 1987, prevent the spread

of both bacterial and viral infections.



13. We need to use universal precautions to protect the client from viruses and

bacteria.

14. Any person touching a spill of blood or other body substance, such as vomit,

urine, or faeces, should wear single- use disposable latex gloves. To clean up

spill of fluids, a 100% bleach solution should be used.

15. If a contaminated substance comes into contact with human skin, the skin should

be washed off immediately with soap and water and an antiviral agent such as

100% bleach solution.

16. A bleach and water solution should be prepared daily. Massage professionals

should update their information on recommended sanitary practices at least

every six months.

17. The massage therapist’s facility must be kept hazard-free.

18. The following safety rules are guidelines for providing a hazard-free massage

environment: infants and young children should not be left unattended.

19. Parents or guardians should always be present during massage for minors.

Women in the last trimester of a pregnancy should not be left in the massage

room alone and may need assistance getting on and off the massage table.

20. The elderly may be less sturdy on their feet and should not be left in the

massage room unattended. Anyone who is mobility impaired, including the visually-impaired, may need assistance getting on and off the massage table.

Those with disabilities should be asked what assistance they need, and their

instructions followed carefully.

21. Preventing falls is very important. To prevent falls: provide good lighting. Never

perform a massage in a dark room. Avoid loose rugs as they may slip or tangle

in the feet. Avoid slippery tile floors. Keep floors and walkways tidy.

22. Keep cords out of traffic areas. Regularly check all massage equipment to

make sure that it is in good repair. Make sure that all outside entrances are free

from clutter and hazards from ice and rain.

23. Fire prevention is essential. To prevent fire: provide for a non-smoking

environment. Where smoking is allowed, make sure proper ash trays are used.

Empty ash trays only into a metal container and is filled with sand or water.

Regularly check all electrical cords and equipment to make sure that they are

in good condition.

24. Do not plug more than two plugs into an electrical outlet. Never use candles,

incense, or any other naked flame.

25. Make sure the massage area is equipped with a working smoke detector and

fire extinguisher. Check them regularly to make sure that they are functional. If an accident does occur, the information about the accident must be written down.

Sign



Activity 2: Crossword Puzzle Solved Check your answers against the correct ones. Sign when checked.

P

D I S I N F E C T A N T P P

E T R R

R H O S T H Y G I E N E

M P O C V

A S E P T I C G S A F E

T O L E U N

T R I N H T T

I T N A I I

S F U N G I Z O O

N C A N N

I A V I R U S

S L D

T

S A N I T A R Y

C

Sign

Activity 3: Matches Check your answers against the correct ones. Sign when checked. Answer Method of Contagion or Control

1. g - Sterilisation Pressurized steam bath, extreme temperature or radiation

2. f - Disinfection Chemicals such as iodine, chlorine, alcohol and soaps

3. e - Isolation Quarantine of affected patients, protective apparel worn when giving treatments

4. d - Environmental contact

Pathogens are found in the environment in food, water, soil and on assorted surfaces

5. c - Opportunistic invasion

Disease is not caused until the pathogens have the opportunity

6. b - Person-to-person contact

Pathogens can often be carried from one person to another

7. a - Aseptic technique Killing or disabling pathogens on surfaces before they can spread to other people

Sign



8.2 Pathology HLTIN301C

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: Part 1 – Introduction 1. Define and discuss pathology:

Is a science of suffering with the musculoskeletal system and dysfunction with the

body.

2. State the Limitations to musculoskeletal pathology:

It is limited to only the dysfunction of the musculo skeletal system ie; movement,

structure and support.

3. List some consequences of musculoskeletal dysfunction:

Cellular breakdown, growths, fractures, tears, strains.

4. State the goals of most treatments for musculoskeletal dysfunction:

Minimising pain, aiding healing process, restore normal movement patterns.

5. Define Inflammation:

A particular reaction of the body to an injury site or disease.

6. List the major signs of inflammation:

Function loss, redness, swelling, pain, heat.

7. Suggest two types of injured tissue cells involved in inflammation:

Skin, connective tissue.

8. Name the blood cells involved in inflammation and discuss their purpose:

Fibroblasts: produce and maintain connective tissue fibres.

Phagocytes: respond to invading pathogens, remove waste.

Lymphocytes: Produced in bone marrow, fights of pathogens.

9. List those blood cells involved in inflammation:

Lymphocytes, eutrophils, eosophils, basophils, leukocytes.

10. List and define three more structures involved in inflammation:

Antibodies, collagen, exudate.



11. State the early effects of local inflammation:

Increased blood flow; degree of local immobilization; potential exudation

consolidation to impede movement.

12. Suggest any ill effects caused by prolonged inflammation:

Prolonged immobility, weakened local muscles, inflexible connective tissue,

weakened bones and cartilage.

13. Briefly outline the steps involved in producing and inflammatory response:

Injury to provoke the response.

Cellular swelling, caused by exudation, histamine release causes pain.

Vasoconstriction, prevents blood loss, occurs after injury for up to five minutes.

Vasodilation (after 5 mins) increased blood flow, increase transport of fluids for

healing. Local redness, increased temperature.

Resolution, Nuetrophils breakdown bacteria.

Phagocytosis. Macrophages dispose of exudate.

Production of new local tissue including nerve and scar tissue.

Temporary high blood flow to sustain repair.



Part 2 – Healing 1. State the two functions performed by the healing process:

Replacement of dead cells. Restoration of function and structure to damaged

area.

2. Suggest when the healing process is completed:

Completed when all injurious agents and necrotic substances have been removed or

destroyed.

3. Define a labile cell and give an example:

Cells that regenerate/multiply through life and are destroyed during normal

function. Eg. epidermis, bone marrow, epithelial tissue.

4. Define a stable cell and give an example:

Have a long life span, not a great need to regenerate. Can regenerate after

destruction to ensure continued organ function. E.g. endocrine glands, liver,

pancreas.

5. Suggest some consequences of loss of permanent cells:

Build-up of scar tissue, restricted movement/function, and loss flexibility.

6. Compare 1st Union and 2nd Union:

1st Union: wound edges easily fixed together; minimal exudation, necrosis,

inflammation.

2nd Union: Deep wound, unclear boundaries; maximal exudation, fibrin, necrosis;

intense inflammatory response; loss of specialised tissues; larger scar.

7. List and explain in your own word the steps involved in the healing process:

Blood clotting to prevent blood loss. Acute inflammation to prevent further

damage. Removal of wastes and start of repair. Cell tissue regeneration, scar

tissue formation,

revascularisation. Restoration of full movement.

8. Define granulation:

Embedding of newly formed capillaries soft tissues about the injury site.

Increased exudate. Occurs early on the 2 Union healing processes in the

organization phase.



9. Define scaring:

A hard tissue covering an injury site. May impede full movement, decrease

performance.

10. Discuss how scarring occurs:

Covers area from edges first. Collagen provides tensile strength within the scar,

elastin for recoil of tissue, turns from pink to white over gradual

devascularisation.

11. Suggest and explain three factors affecting the healing rate:

Blood supply, Condition of heart and vessels. Degree of infection, inflammation

response. Location of injury.

12. Discuss how the masseur could recognise the following healing stages in a client:

a) Acute Amount of inflammation, pain, degree of function. b) Subacute Pain tolerance, mobility, level of inflammation. c) Chronic Lack of inflammation. Pain on tissue resistance, degree of flexibility.

13. Discuss any differences in treatment of clients in various stages of healing:

In the acute stages, milking the area around the injury, to aid fluid circulation.

Massage very useful in chronic stages. Intensity and length of treatment should

vary according to how bad the injury is.



Part 3 – Musculoskeletal Injuries 1. Suggest some structures affected by musculoskeletal injury and the consequences of injury:

Structure Consequence of Injury

Bones Breaks/fractures, lack of movement

Joint Dislocation, subluxation, pain, immobility

Capsule and ligament Rupture, immobility, weakness

Cartilage Ongoing pain, weakness restricted movement

Muscle and tendon Loss of strength, flexibility

Bursae Degeneration, pain, inflammation

2. Define tissue injury grading:

Grade I - minimal damage through injury, easily healed.

Grade II - moderate damage, treatment required, longer to heal.

Grade III - severe damage, requires surgery, prolonged immobilization.

3. Discuss the use of massage in treating musculoskeletal injuries:

Massage is helpful during the recovery phase of a patient when fluid circulation is

important to reduce swelling and aid in the healing process and to restore full

movement and condition where possible.

4. Discuss each of the following and give an example:

a) Sprain Occurs when a joint is forced beyond its normal range,

sudden turn, and direct blow.

b) Cartilage tears Slow to heal due to poor blood supply, may require surgical

attention. Most common are knee injuries strain -

c) Strain Damage to muscle fibres due to a direct blow or from

muscle overload during contraction or stretching. Eg.

hamstring.

d) Muscle contusion Bruising under the skin.

e) Joint displacement Are obvious visible and often involve ligament capsules. 2

types, subluxation and dislocation. eg shoulder joint.

f) Bone fracture Break in the bone continuity. Simple- clean break;

compound; multiple or jagged breaks; greenstick- bends;

stress- prolonged stress, breaks or chips.



5. Suggest when sprains most often occur:

In a game or sport that places allot of strain on the legs, ankles knees and feet

as the ankle sprain is the most common. From a trip or fall or direct blow.

6. Describe a Grade I sprain:

Minor swelling and or bleeding. Most recover 1-2 weeks. Early strapping may help.

7. Suggest how cartilage tears can occur:

During excessive compression and or rotation movements.

8. Briefly describe what happens to the intervertebral discs as the body ages:

The discs calcify, become weaker with less elasticity. They may become thin and

protrude or collapse.

9. Discuss how muscle strains usually occur and identify those parts of the skeletal muscle that may be affected:

Occur as muscle overload during contraction or stretching or as a direct blow.

Most common is the hamstring (rectus femoris).

10. Briefly Describe a Grade II strain:

Moderate overstretch with the potential of torn fibres. Moderate localised

swelling and bruising. Tenderness and muscle spasm.

11. Explain myositis ossificans and any recommended treatment by massage therapists:

Calcification of haematoma around or within the muscle. Palpated as a hard lump

within the muscle. Caused by initial inappropriate injury management.

12. Differentiate between subluxation and dislocation:

Displacement of part of the joint - subluxation; dislocation - complete

displacement, joint is protruding, bones may also break.

13. Lists the steps involved in fracture healing:

Realignment, immobilization, union, consolidation.



Part 4 – Musculoskeletal Conditions 1. Suggest some factors that precipitate musculoskeletal conditions:

Injury, aging, disease.

2. Suggest how these conditions can affect movement:

Immobility, restricted movement, stiffness and soreness.

3. Briefly describe tendonitis and suggest some common sights. Explain why these sites are valuable:

It is an inflammation of the tendon and/or sheath and can be an accumulation of

small tears unhealed. A prolonged condition may lead to rupture or calcification.

Common sites are elbow, knee, ankle and shoulder, mainly from overuse.

4. State the recommended treatment for Bursitis:

Rest and ice.

5. Suggest a reason for the occurrence of osteochondritis:

Overuse of joint eg. running, gymnastics.

6. Name the two types of osteoarthritis and differentiate between them:

Monoarticular - arthritis in one joint. degenerative disease without severe

inflammation. Bony spurs form on the periphery and bony extremities exposed.

Generalised arthritis - degenerative joint disease affecting more women after

middle age. Swelling, tenderness, joint deformity.

7. Suggest how to manage osteoarthritis and highlight how a massage therapist might help:

Analgesics and anti-inflammatory treatments. Joint protection. Continued usage of

full range of movement without stress. Massage - Gentle stretching and loosening

and relaxation techniques, Acupressure and trigger points, and exercises for the

home.

8. Discuss rheumatoid arthritis:

Systematic joint inflammation of several joints. Onset from puberty onwards

characterized by exacerbations and remissions. Joints affected by synovial

inflammation and cysts, cartilage and bone erosion, tendon erosion and rupture.

Other body parts affected - vascular occlusion and ulcers, nerve damage and

entrapment selected organs (kidneys, eyes, skin, and bone).



9. Outline the recommended treatment by a massage therapist during each phase of the rheumatoid arthritis:

Acute - ice, gentle exercise, splinting.

Chronic - (remission) hydrotherapy, general fitness and mobility.

10. Discuss the role exercise can play in the lifestyle of an arthritic client:

Gentle and controlled exercise can have a great effect on maintaining good general

conditions as well as providing relief.

11. Differentiate between the different types of headaches:

Description Massage Effect

a) Muscle tension

Excessive tension in neck and shoulder

girdle. Stiff and painful cervical joints,

incorrect posture, lifestyle.

Highly recommended

and effective

b) Vascular (migraine)

Dilation of cerebral blood vessels, may

be preceded by aura, pain can be

severe and prolonged, does not usually

respond to and can be aggravated by

massage.

Can help the condition

but may aggravate it.

c) Tension (inflammatory)

Meningitis, may be cranial haemorrhage

or stroke severe pain and other

neurological signs (eg ataxia and muscle

weakness.

Massage definitely

contraindicated.

12. Suggest how massage affects each of these types of headache (answer in box above).

See previous question, right column.



Part 5 – Pain 1. Discuss the purpose of pain:

A protective mechanism that signals the brain of injury or tissue damage.

2. Discuss how pain is perceived and give an example of its cause and reaction:

Pain occurs when an internal or external stimuli, causes tissue damage. The body

will automatically will not go through with an action that causes severe pain.

3. Differentiate between localised pain and referred pain:

Localized pain is when the pain is felt on the actual injury site and around it when

referred pain means the pain might occur in another place.

4. Briefly describe somatic referred pain and any recommended treatment by a massage

therapist:

Stems from musculoskeletal structures surrounding the vertebral column. Can

respond well to massage techniques involving muscle and connective tissue.

5. Suggest some instances when massage is contraindicated:

When alcohol is involved, acute arthritis, acute migraine.

6. State the role of the massage therapist when faced with a client whose situation suggests

massage is contraindicated:

Refer to another practitioner, light level 1 is ok to apply if required.

7. State the role of the massage therapist when it is uncertain whether a client’s treatment should include massage:

Refer the client. Confer with and advise GP or specialist.

8. Suggest some consequences of massage to each client being an individual:

Taylor made treatment pending on the condition of the client at the start of each

session, with close progress monitoring.



9 Confirm physical health status HLTAP401B

This unit of competency describes a detailed level of knowledge of anatomy and physiology

required to confirm physical health status. The application of knowledge and skills described in this competency unit may relate to functions such as providing information to clients or assisting in the provision of health care services. Work at this level may require guidance and/or supervision, especially where provision of direct client services are involved. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



9.1 Client Health HLTAP401B

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. List 8 conditions that are contraindicated to massage:

1. Deep bruising 2. Open wounds 3. Pregnancy (1st and 3rd trimester) 4. Broken bones

5. High blood pressure 6. Infection 7. Contusions 8. Varicose veins

2. If you have concerns about the physical status of a client, do you (circle all that are

applicable): a. Speak to another student b. Speak to clinic supervisor c. Tell no one d. Call the client’s GP e. Speak to the Student Welfare officer

3. A client should be questioned on their physical health status:

a. At the end of a student clinic treatment session b. At the start of every student clinic treament session c. After 5 student clinic sessions d. Only at their first student clinic appointment

4. All medications that a client is taking should be written in the student clinic treatment report

and clients should be questioned at the start of every session to determine if they are taking any new medications. True.

5. Describe a time when you were concerned with a clients physical health status. What did you do, who did you refer the matter to and what was the outcome:

A client arrived for a student clinic massage session with a migraine headache.

She was desperate to have a massage in order to get some relief. I discussed the

client with Clinic Supervisor who sat with the client in the treatement room and

conducted a more thorough pre treatment interview. The supervisor established

that the client did have true migraine, not a tension headache and advised the

client that a massage would likely make the migraine worse. The client was

disappointed but was happy that we were concerned for her welfare.



6. According to MCPT Student Clinic guidelines, what is the procedure if a client presents with high blood pressure?

Discuss with clinic supervisor. If the blood pressure is being controlled with

medication, they may still be able to receive a massage, but it is recommended

that the have rest breaks every 10-15 minutes. The client should be regularly

monitored thoughout the treatment to see how they are feeling.

7. Clients who a pregnant may be treated in Student Clinic with the approval of a MCPT

supervisor. False.

8. What is the minimum age for a client to be treated in Student Clinic? a. 16 (with parental approval) b. 18 c. 21 d. There is no minimum age



9.2 Body and Trunk Muscles HLTAP401B

Activity 1: Posterior Torso Labelled Check your answers against the diagram below:



Activity 2: Anterior Body Labelled Check your answers against the diagram below:



Activity 3: Posterior Body Labelled Check your answers against the diagram below:



9.3 Skeleton and Spine HLTAP401B

Activity 1: Skeleton Labelled Check your answers against the diagram below:



Activity 2: Spine Labelled Check your answers against the diagram below:



10 Work within a massage framework HLTREM401D

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to work effectively

within a massage framework. This unit may apply to work in massage in a range of settings and contexts. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



10.1 Massage Framework HLTREM401D

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. What is complementary or alternative therapy. Give 3 examples:

Complementary therapy may be described as a group of diverse medical and health

care systems, practices, and products that are not generally considered part of

conventional (western) medicine. They are based on cultural traditions rather than

scientific evidence.

Examples may include: acupuncture, massage therapy, hypnosis, rolfing,

naturopathy, homeopathy, meditation.

2. Complementary medicine is based on: a. Historical or cultural traditions b. Scientific evidence c. Free service at a restaurant

3. Are the following philosphies found in Eastern or Western medicine (write answer in

column)?

Question Answer a) Qi is life. Qi is heart of medicine. Life and Medicine are one. Eastern

b) Humans can control nature. Foreign invader causes illness. Western

c) Treatment is based on Curing named disease and suppressing symptoms through drugs or surgery. Western

d) Key energetic changes are functions of one's psyche and lifestyle so preventing serious illness is primarily self-care Eastern

e) Health is considered a state of well-being in which the body is vital, balanced & adaptive to its environment. Eastern

f) Mind and body are one, inextricably interconnected. All medicine is psychosomatics Eastern

g) Mind and body are separate and not necessarily connected. Western

h) Allopathic Model : the medical model in which a disease or an abnormal condition is treated by creating an environment that is antagonistic to it, ie, a system that emphasises treatment of disease Western

i) Naturopathic a system of health care that emphasises health maintenance, disease prevention, client education and client responsibility Eastern



4. Regular massage can help to decrease feelings of fear, relieve tense or cramped muscles and make stiff joints agile again. In addition to this massages increase vitality and well-being. True.

5. Draw and label the treatment spectrum (refer to MCPT website, CMT training videos):

◄ ―――――――――――――――――――― ―――――――――――――――――――― ►

Relaxation Therapeutic/Sports Remedial

6. Discuss the history of Swedish relaxation massage: Who developed the techniques? Did it originate in Sweden? What are the main strokes used in this modality?

Swedish massage is generally accepted to have been developed by Peter Henry

Ling (1776-1837), a Swede. In most countries however, including Sweden, it is

more commonly referred to as “classic massage.”

Swedish massage is defined in large part by the original strokes that compose its

method: effleurage (stroking), petrissage (kneading), tapotement (striking), and

frictions (rubbing), with vibration added later.

7. Define the following terms:

a) TENS Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation. b) Shiatsu Japanese for "finger pressure". The technique consists of finger

and palm pressure, stretches, and other massage technique.

c) Tuina is a form of Chinese manipulative therapy often used in

conjunction with acupuncture, moxibustion, fire cupping, Chinese

herbalism, t'ai chi, and qigong. It is a hands-on body treatment

that uses Chinese taoist and martial art principles in an attempt

to bring into balance the eight principles of Traditional Chinese

Medicine.

d) Kinesiology Kinesiology, also known as human kinetics, is the scientific study

of human movement. Kinesiology addresses physiological,

mechanical, and psychological mechanisms. Applications of

kinesiology to human health include: biomechanics and

orthopaedics, rehabilitation, such as physical and occupational

therapy, as well as sport and exercise.

e) Hydroptherapy involves the use of water for pain-relief and treating illness.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manipulative_therapy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acupuncture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moxibustion

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_cupping

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbalism

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%27ai_chi_ch%27uan

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qigong

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoist

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_art

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_principles

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_Medicine



10.2 Massage Techniques HLTREM401D

Activity 1: Matches (Techniques) Check your answers against the correct ones. Sign when checked. 1. l 2. y 3. n 4. e 5. q 6. r 7. s 8. a

9. b 10. c 11. d 12. cc 13. dd 14. ee 15. ff 16. f

17. g 18. h 19. t 20. u 21. v 22. i 23. j 24. k

25. w 26. x 27. z 28. aa 29. bb 30. m 31. 0 32. p

Sign

Activity 2: Matches (Movements) Check your answers against the correct ones. Sign when checked. 1. a - Accessory movements that occur because of inherent laxity or joint play that

exists in each joint. These essential movements occur passively with movement of the joint, and are not under voluntary control.

2. b - During the contraction of a muscle, the massage therapist applies a counterforce but allows the client to move, bring origin and insertion of the target muscle together against the pressure

3. h - The force produced by the muscles of a specific area which is designed to match the effort exactly (isometric contraction) or partially (isotonic contraction).

4. g - During the extension of a muscle, the massage therapist applies a counterforce but allows the client to move the jointed area to let origin and insertion separate.

5. f - The client moves the joint through a full range of motion, using full muscle strength, against partial resistance supplied by the massage therapist. This is therefore a multiple isotonic movement.

6. e - Contraction in which the effort of the muscle, or group of muscles, is exactly matched by counter pressure, so that no movement occurs, only effort.

7. c - The effort of the target muscle, or group of muscles, is greater than the counter pressure, allowing a degree of resisted movement to occur.

8. d - Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation. Also referred to as physiologic movements.

Sign

Activity 3: Matching (Terms) Check your answers against the correct ones. Sign when checked. 1. k 2. a 3. r 4. e 5. n 6. m 7. j 8. l 9. ee

10. ff 11. gg 12. hh 13. t 14. o 15. u 16. dd 17. cc 18. p

19. q 20. s 21. bb 22. v 23. aa 24. w 25. z 26. y 27. x

28. c 29. d 30. f 31. g 32. h 33. i 34. b

Sign



Activity 4: Blanks Filled in Here are the blanks for each question. Sign when checked.

1. In general, massage methods and techniques stimulate or inhibit response.

The act of placing your hand on another person seems so simple, yet this initial

contact must be made with respect and a client-cantered focus. With this

technique, we enter the client’s personal boundary space, defined by sensitivity

to changes in air pressure and movement picked up by the sensory receptors in

the skin. It gives the client time to evaluate, on a subconscious level, whether

this touch is safe.

2. The current term for effleurage is “gliding stroke”. The most superficial

applications of this stroke do this, but the full spectrum of effleurage is determined by pressure, drag, speed, direction and rhythm, making this

manipulation on of the most versatile. The distinguishing characteristic of

effleurage is that is applied horizontally in relation to the tissues.

3. Petrissage requires that the soft tissue be lifted, rolled and squeezed by the

massage therapist. Just as effleurage is focussed horizontally on the body,

petrissage functions vertically. Petrissage is very good for decreasing muscle

tone. The lifting, rolling and squeezing action affects the spindle cell

proprioceptors in the muscle. When lifting, the tendons are stretched, thus

increasing tension in both the tendons and the Golgi tendon receptors, which

have a protective function. Compression has developed as a distinct

manipulation in recent years with the advents of sports massage and on-site corporate massage.

4. This manipulation is a way of working over the clothing or without lubricant.

Very specific pinpoint compression is called direct pressure, or Ischaemic

Compression, and is used on acupressure points (motor points) and trigger

points. It is also very good to use on bodies that are hairy since the

manipulations do not glide on the skin, pull the tissues or require lubricants.

5. Manual vibration can be used successfully by the massage therapist to tone

muscles by applying the technique at the muscle tendons for up to 30 seconds.

Shaking manipulations confuse the Positional Proprioceptors so the muscles

relax. Shaking warms and prepares the body for deeper bodywork and works

with joints in a non-specific manner. Rocking is a soothing and rhythmic form of

shaking that has been used since the beginning of time to calm people. Rocking works though the vestibular system of the inner ear and feeds sensory input

directly into the cerebellum. For rocking to be most effective, the body must

move so that the fluid in the semi-circular canals of the inner ear are affected,

initiating parasympathetic mechanism.

6. Rocking is one of the most effective relaxation techniques of the massage

therapist. Many parasympathetic responses are caused by the rocking of the

body during the effleurage, petrissage and compression methods.



7. Tapotement techniques require that the hands or parts of the hands administer

springy blows to the body at a fast rate. Tapotement is divided into two

classifications, light and heavy. The strongest effect of tapotement is due to the

response of the tendon reflexes. A quick blow to the tendon stretches it. In

response, a protective muscle contraction results.

8. One method of friction consists of small deep movements performed on a local

area. The result of this type of friction is the initiation of a small controlled

inflammatory response. Due to its specific nature and direct focus to

rehabilitation, it is not suitable for the beginning -level massage practitioner. A

modified application of friction used to keep areas of high concentration of

connective tissue soft and pliable, is appropriate for the beginner.

9. The efficient use of massage techniques will reduce the need for repetitive

massage manipulations. If used well, the neuromuscular mechanism can be

activated and influenced quickly with less physical effort by the massage

therapist.

10. The technique of passive and active joint movement, muscle energy and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques work with the

neuromuscular reflex system to relax and lengthen muscles. Stretching has both

reflexive and mechanical effect and is more focussed on the connective tissue.

11. During a massage session, strive to move every joint approximately three times

to gently encourage an increase in the range of motion. Proprioceptive

neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques developed out of physical therapy during the 1950’s. It uses maximal contraction and rotary diagonal movement

patterns to re-educate the nervous system. In recent years, the massage

profession began to use pieces of the system to enhance stretching, primarily

in athletes. The diagonal movement patterns incorporate cross-body movements

reflexively stimulate the gait or walking pattern and are a valuable addition to

any massage system.

12. Muscle energy techniques involve a voluntary contraction of the client’s muscle in a specific and controlled direction, at varying levels of intensity, against a

specific counter force applied by the massage practitioner. Muscle energy

procedures have a variety of applications and are considered active techniques

in which the client contributes the corrective force. The amount of effort may vary

from a small muscle twitch to a maximal contraction. The duration may last from

a fraction of a second to several seconds. The focus of muscle energy

techniques is to stimulate the nervous system and allow a more normal resting

length in muscles. To describe what happens, the proper term lengthening is

used because stretching is more of a neurological response that allows the

muscles to stop contracting and relax. Lengthening is a mechanical force

applied to the tissue. Muscle energy techniques are focused on specific muscles

or muscle groups. It is important to be able to position muscles so that the origin

and insertion are either close together or in a lengthening phase with the origin

and insertion separated.



13. Counter pressure is the force applied to an area that is designed to match the

effort or force exactly (isometric contraction)or partially (isotonic

contraction). The response of the method is specific to a certain muscle or

muscle groups referred to as the target muscle.

14. There are instances when the client does not or cannot participate actively in the

massage. The principles of muscle energy techniques can still be used by direct

manipulation of the spindle cells or Golgi tendons.

15. Strain-counter strain was formalized by Dr. Lawrence Jones and involves using

tender points to guide the positioning of the body into a space where the

muscle can release on its own. The tender points are often located in the

antagonist of the tight muscle due to the diagonal balancing process the body

uses to maintain an upright posture against gravity. Positional release is a more

general method that allows the beginning therapist to do similar work.

Sign



Activity 5: Puzzle Completed Check your answers against the correct ones. Sign when checked.

C

R E F L E X I V E L U B R I C A N T

E I P H

S K B P Y P

T R A N S V E R S E I T R S

I E A N H O H

N A T A P P I N G M A N U A L

G L I D E I L I E K

I R O C K I N G C I

N N A S T N

G B S O O T H I N G

S L U F S

H A C K I N G E P E T R I S S A G E

I I U

C O M P R E S S I O N E

E

Sign



Activity 6: Matches (Manipulation) Check your answers against the correct ones. Sign when checked. 1. Jerry Lee Lewis does a whole lot of this m - Shaking

2. The Beach Boys had a good one u - Vibration

3. Your feet do this to the Electric Slide and the Hustle s - Gliding/effleurage

4. The two moves that make up the Mashed Potato i - Compression and friction

5. The Buckingham’s had kind of one c - Drag

6. You need to know this to stay in step with the other dancers

a - Direction

7. The Swim n - Hydrotherapy

8. Chubby Checker and the Twist o - Cross directional stretching

9. This could keep you from dancing b - Inhibition

10. I’ve got this – do you? d - Rhythm

11. This and roll(ing) are here to stay e - Rocking

12. Music and muscle both have this p - Tone

13. How long has this been going on? r - Duration

14. Fun dancing can be this f - Movement cure

15. What a tired waitress uses j - Counter pressure

16. Younger brothers and sisters often try this k - Antagonists

17. The use of tissues l - Cryotherapy

18. The way some of us make our dough q - Kneading

19. William Tell aimed for the apple, not this h - Target (muscle)

20. Putting coffee in containers g - Cupping

21. Magnets have this for each other t - A traction

Sign



Activity 7: Problems Solved Check your answers against the following ones. Sign when checked. 1. A client has tight muscles of the legs. She also has a history of varicose veins.

The problem is not serious and there is no history of blood clots. This makes direct massage of the area contraindicated. What methods can be used to relax the legs?

Muscle energy methods to produce lengthening would relax the muscle.

Rocking of the body may relax the muscles.

2. A client has very sensitive skin and cannot have any type of lubricant used. What massage methods will you use?

Do compression and tapotement over a towel or sheet. The resting

stroke can be used as can shaking, rocking and all massage techniques of

joint movement, muscle energy, positional release, and lengthening and

stretching approaches.

3. A client’s nose becomes stuffy; a gets a sinus headache when lying on his stomach. How will you give him a massage?

The entire body can be accessed in the other positions of supine, side-

lying and seated.

(Professional Application)

4. A massage therapist is finding that he is becoming fatigued with the style of massage he tends to provide, which consists mostly of effleurage, petrissage and tapotement. He would like to be able to work more effectively. What recommendations can you provide?

Reduce the amount of petrissage and tapotement and use it only when

there is a specific purpose. Increase the muscle energy methods and

lengthening. Increase the shaking and rocking methods. He should make

sure that he is cantered before giving the massage, and stretches his

body afterwards. Check to see that the strokes are being applied with

the correct body mechanics and he is making minimal use of his hands.

Sign



11 Provide massage treatment HLTREM406C

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to administer client

basic massage treatment according to the philosophy and practices of a massage therapy framework. This unit may apply to work in massage in a range of settings and contexts. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



11.1 Massage Provision HLTREM406C

Activity: Answers The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1.

a) Massage may assist in the management of depression

True.

b) Massage may cure the common cold False.

c) Massage may not be conducted on any person over the age of 65 False.

d) General relaxation massage may cure migraines True.

e) Theraputic massage and heat may help heal a broken tibia. False.

f) Swedish massage is an effective treatment for bipolar disorder. False.

g) Regular massage may assist in the management of lower back pain. True.

h) Remedial massage can treat arthritis False.

i) Lymphatic drainage massage is an effective tool to manage and reduce oedema. True.

j) Hot stone massage is a proven way to cure skin cancer False.

k) Infant massage has been scientifically proven to reduce the incidence of ADHD in children False.

l) Deep tissue and remedial massage must be very firm and cause bruising. False.

m) The progression of MS is best delayed by the frequent General Relaxation massages. False.

n) The use of cupping has been clinically shown to decrease the occurance of rheumatiod arthritis. False.

o) Effective pre event sport massage is critical to a competitors performance. False.



p) Theraputic massage may increase the effectiveness of some common medications False.

q) Massage may induce a relaxation response in some clients which may lower the heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure; boosts the immune system; and generally decreases the physical effects of stress. True.



12 Plan massage treatment HLTREM407C

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to prepare clients for

basic massage and negotiate treatment with them. This unit may apply to work in massage in a range of settings and contexts. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



12.1 Relaxation Massage Planning HLTREM407C

Activity 1: Answers Refer to Appendix 1 for the CMT Consultation Script. The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. Which Script Elements relate to preparation and negotiation with the Client for the

Treatment?

1 and 6 to 16.

2. What Treatment Service(s) can the Student Therapist provide?

Relaxation Massage.

3. What did the Client request or expect in terms of treatment?

Massage.

4. What is the Treatment Plan for the Session proposed?

General Relaxation Massage.

Activity 2: Answers Refer to Appendix 2 for the Massage 1 Consultation Script. The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. Which Script Elements relate to preparation and negotiation with the Client for the

Treatment?

1 and 8 to 22.


Relaxation Massage.


Did not request anything in particular – just help with sore areas.


Modified Relaxation Massage. Modified in this case means extra time spent on

sore areas (Neck and Shoulders).



12.2 Therapeutic Massage Planning HLTREM407C


Treatment?

1, 21 to 42 and 80 to 91.


Relaxation and Therapeutic Massage.


When informed about Treatment Options, chose Therapeutic Massage.


Assessment of the Lumbar Spine and Thoracic Spine in Active ROM needs to be

conducted before and after Treatment.

Therapeutic and Relaxation combined. Short Breaks to prevent dizziness.

Deep Tissue Techniques can be used on appropriate areas.


Treatment?

1 to 5, 80 to 88 and 149 to 164.


Relaxation and Therapeutic Massage.


Therapeutic Massage for the neck problem.


Active and Passive ROM of the Neck before and after Treatment.

Therapeutic Massage to the affected area and nearby areas.



13 Apply massage assessment framework HLTREM408C

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to interpret information

gathered in the health assessment and make and review accurate assessment for basic massage treatment. This unit may apply to work in massage in a range of settings and contexts. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



13.1 Relaxation Massage Assessment Framework HLTREM408C

Activity 1: Answers Refer to Appendix 1 for the CMT Consultation Script. The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. What condition(s) or problems did the Client present?

Feels stressed.

2. What was the immediate outcome of the Treatment?

Felt much better.

3. What further Treatment option(s) could be considered?

A repeat of similar Treatment to maintain optimum stress levels.

Activity 2: Answers Refer to Appendix 2 for the Massage 1 Consultation Script. The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. What condition(s) or problems did the Client present?

Sore Neck and Shoulders from working on computers.


Very happy. Neck and Shoulders felt much better.


If there is no improvement – refer the Client to a Remedial Therapist.

If some improvement – continue treatment with similar approach.



13.2 Therapeutic Massage Assessment Framework HLTREM408C


Heart Palpitations/Dizziness.

Stiff Lower Back. Tighter on right side.

2. What were the results of the Assessment?

Lumbar Spine Active ROM – Flexion reduced.

Lumbar Spine Active ROM – Extension normal.

Lumbar Spine Active ROM – Lateral Flexion to the Right greater than to the

Left.

Thoracic Spine Active ROM – Rotation to the Right nearly equal to the Left.


Lumbar Spine Active ROM – Flexion improved.

Lumbar Spine Active ROM – Lateral Flexion to the Left improved.

Client very relaxed and happy. Lower back “looser”.


Depending on outcome – further Therapeutic Massage to Back and Hip Muscles or

Referral to Remedial Massage/Therapy.




Knee pain and Neck Strain.

2. What were the results of the Assessment?

Head/Neck Active ROM – Flexion/Extension normal, some Pain in Posterior Neck.

Head/Neck Active ROM – Lateral Flexion to the Right greater than to the Left.

Head/Neck Active ROM – Rotation to the Left greater than to the Right.

Head/Neck Passive ROM – Flexion/Extension and Rotation as per Active ROM.

Head/Neck Passive ROM – Lateral Flexion to the Left restricted.


Head/Neck Passive ROM – Lateral Flexion to the Left nearly equal to the Right.

Head/Neck Active ROM – Flexion/Extension less Pain.

Head/Neck Active ROM – Lateral Flexion same but less Pain.

Head/Neck Active ROM – Rotation to the Left nearly equal to the Right.

Client ecstatic with result and will sleep better.


Repetition of Treatment if initial response good or Referral to Remedial

Massage/Therapy if little or no improvement.



14 Perform massage health assessment HLTREM409C

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to observe the

condition of the client and gather information relevant to the case in order to provide a basic massage. This unit may apply to work in massage in a range of settings and contexts. Answers to the Study Sheets for this Unit follow.



14.1 Relaxation Massage Health Assessment HLTREM409C

Activity 1: Answers Refer to Appendix 1 for the CMT Consultation Script. The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. Which Script Elements relate to observing the condition of the Client for the Treatment?

None as it was a simplified Relaxation Massage.

2. Which Script Elements relate to gathering information about the Client for the Treatment?

1 to 4, 17 and 18.

3. What Assessment of the Client was conducted?

None as it was a Relaxation Massage Treatment.

Activity 2: Answers Refer to Appendix 2 for the Massage 1 Consultation Script. The following are Answers to the previous Questions: 1. Which Script Elements relate to observing the condition of the Client for the Treatment?

None as it was a Relaxation Massage.


1 to 6 and 23 to 27.


None as it was a Relaxation Massage Treatment.



14.2 Therapeutic Massage Health Assessment HLTREM409C


45 to 79 and 92 to 112.


2 to 19, 92 and 93.


Lumbar Spine Active ROM – Flexion, Extension and Lateral Flexion.

Thoracic Spine Active ROM – Rotation.


45 to 79 and 91 to 111.


2 to 81, 185, 186, 196 and 197.


Head/Neck Active ROM – Flexion/Extension, Lateral Flexion and Rotation.

Head/Neck Passive ROM – Flexion/Extension, Lateral Flexion and Rotation.



15 Apply first aid HLTFA311A

This unit of competency describes the skills and knowledge required to provide first aid

response, life support, management of casualty(s), the incident and other first aiders, until the arrival of medical or other assistance. These skills and knowledge may be applied in a range of situations, including community and workplace settings. As this component of the Qualification is not delivered or assessed by MCPT, students must obtain it externally.

competency unit study sheets 1 (cu-ss1a) - sdca.com.au · competency unit – study sheets 1...

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