competency 7.00 competency 7.00 develop an awareness of the designed world...

Competency 7.00

Develop an Develop an AwarenessAwareness of the Designed World of the Designed World

CommunicationCommunicationTransportationTransportationManufacturingManufacturing

StructuralStructuralEnergy and PowerEnergy and Power

BiotechnologyBiotechnology

MANUFACTURING MANUFACTURING

VOCATS 7.O5VOCATS 7.O5

A MANUFACTURING System isA MANUFACTURING System isA system or group of systems used in A system or group of systems used in

the manufacturing process to make the manufacturing process to make products for an end userproducts for an end user

Manufacturing generally takes Manufacturing generally takes the form of one of three basic the form of one of three basic types of production systems.types of production systems.

Custom Custom productionproduction

Job Lot or Job Lot or Intermittent Intermittent productionproduction

Continuous or Continuous or Mass productionMass production

Custom ProductionCustom Production

Custom production produces products Custom production produces products that are made one at a time according that are made one at a time according to customer’s exact specifications.to customer’s exact specifications.

Job Lot or Intermittent Job Lot or Intermittent Production Production

Job lot or intermittent production Job lot or intermittent production involves producing a limited run or involves producing a limited run or quantity of a product.quantity of a product.

Continuous or Mass ProductionContinuous or Mass Production

Continuous or mass production Continuous or mass production produces a large quantity of the same produces a large quantity of the same product.product. This is achieved through one This is achieved through one steady process using an assembly line.steady process using an assembly line.

The manufacturing The manufacturing process includes the process includes the designing, development, designing, development, making and servicing of making and servicing of products and systems.products and systems.

Components of an Automated Components of an Automated Manufacturing SystemManufacturing System

1.1. AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle)AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle)2.2. CAD (Computer–Aided Design)CAD (Computer–Aided Design)3.3. CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing)4.4. CAD/CAM (joins the two)CAD/CAM (joins the two)5.5. CIM (Computer-Intergraded Manufacturing)CIM (Computer-Intergraded Manufacturing)6.6. CNC (Computer Numerical Control)CNC (Computer Numerical Control)7.7. Fixture Fixture 8.8. JigJig9.9. Just-in-time InventoryJust-in-time Inventory10.10.RoboticsRobotics11.11.Stereo LithographyStereo Lithography


1. 1. AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle)AGV (Automatic Guided Vehicle) is a vehicle used to carry the product is a vehicle used to carry the product from one work station to another.from one work station to another. It It is computer operated and runs along is computer operated and runs along an "invisible" electric track an "invisible" electric track throughout a factory. It is a very throughout a factory. It is a very modern form of an assembly linemodern form of an assembly line. .


2.2. CAD (Computer‑Aided Design) CAD (Computer‑Aided Design) is a method of planning and is a method of planning and drawing a product using a drawing a product using a computer.computer. The designs and The designs and information is stored in the information is stored in the computer. Computer can run test computer. Computer can run test on the new product or part without on the new product or part without the part even being there! the part even being there!

3.3. CAM (Computer‑Aided CAM (Computer‑Aided Manufacturing)Manufacturing) is a system is a system where computers are used to where computers are used to operate the machinery in a operate the machinery in a factory.factory.



4. 4. CAD/CAMCAD/CAM joins the two. joins the two. The The designer can create a part or designer can create a part or product on the computer product on the computer screen then sends it directly to screen then sends it directly to a machine tool, which makes a machine tool, which makes the part. the part.

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5. 5. CIM (Computer-Integrated CIM (Computer-Integrated Manufacturing) uses one Manufacturing) uses one computer system to control many computer system to control many functions of manufacturing functions of manufacturing company.company. This main computer This main computer system handles marketing and system handles marketing and sales, involving, production sales, involving, production scheduling, design, equipment scheduling, design, equipment control and many other functions control and many other functions of a company.of a company.


6. 6. CNCCNC (Computerized (Computerized Numerical Control) Numerical Control) is a is a machine tool operation that is machine tool operation that is controlled by numerical controlled by numerical commands from a computer.commands from a computer.


7. 7. FixtureFixture - is a specialty tool usually - is a specialty tool usually designed and used only for one designed and used only for one operation. operation. A fixture holds material in A fixture holds material in place, while it is being processed, place, while it is being processed, usually when holding the material usually when holding the material by hand is too dangerous or not by hand is too dangerous or not secure enough.secure enough. A fixture is fixed or A fixture is fixed or secured so it will not move.secured so it will not move.


8. 8. JigJig - is another specialty tool usually - is another specialty tool usually designed and used for only one designed and used for only one operation. operation. A jig holds and moves a A jig holds and moves a work piece in relation to a tool or a work piece in relation to a tool or a tool in relation to a work piece.tool in relation to a work piece. The The jig moves but the fixture does not.jig moves but the fixture does not.


9. 9. Just‑in‑time InventoryJust‑in‑time Inventory • With the aid of computers, manufacturers With the aid of computers, manufacturers

can order materials and parts from other can order materials and parts from other suppliers as they need them.suppliers as they need them.

• This reduces the need for warehouse This reduces the need for warehouse storage space and a costly inventory.storage space and a costly inventory.

• This saves money and lowers product cost.This saves money and lowers product cost.


10. 10. RoboticsRobotics - the technology that - the technology that deals with the design, deals with the design, manufacture and use of robots in manufacture and use of robots in industrial and automated industrial and automated situationssituations

11. 11. Stereo LithographyStereo Lithography - - is a very new innovation that is a very new innovation that works like a three dimension picture.works like a three dimension picture.• The designer draws the part on a CAD system. The The designer draws the part on a CAD system. The

information is sent to a machine which makes the information is sent to a machine which makes the part. The machine has a vat of plastic resin directly part. The machine has a vat of plastic resin directly under a laser. The laser draws the design on the under a laser. The laser draws the design on the liquid resin causing the resin to harden where the liquid resin causing the resin to harden where the laser strikes.laser strikes.

• When the operation is finished, a three dimensional When the operation is finished, a three dimensional part comes out. The part can be used as a mold for part comes out. The part can be used as a mold for other parts. This process is often used for rapid other parts. This process is often used for rapid prototyping.prototyping.


Material Processing Material Processing Changing the shape, size and/or Changing the shape, size and/or

characteristics of a material characteristics of a material 1.1. Forming -Forming - changing the shape of a material with pressure. changing the shape of a material with pressure.

Extruding - Extruding - pulling or pushing a material through a die. i.e. pulling or pushing a material through a die. i.e. toothpaste coming out of a tube, pipe, tubing, storm window toothpaste coming out of a tube, pipe, tubing, storm window frames, wire;frames, wire;

Forging - Forging - hammering a piece of material into a specific shapehammering a piece of material into a specific shape2.2. CastingCasting - pouring a material into a mold that has a particular - pouring a material into a mold that has a particular

shape. i.e. candles;shape. i.e. candles;3.3. Separating - Separating - removing parts of material to a specific size. removing parts of material to a specific size.

i.e. filing, drilling a hole in wood, sandingi.e. filing, drilling a hole in wood, sanding Shearing - Shearing - separating by use of a wedge (cutting). i.e. separating by use of a wedge (cutting). i.e.

cutting paper with scissors, cutting sheet metalcutting paper with scissors, cutting sheet metal Chip removalChip removal – taking off small pieces of material. I.e. – taking off small pieces of material. I.e.

milling, engraving, sharpening with a grinder, sawing, or milling, engraving, sharpening with a grinder, sawing, or cutting torch.cutting torch.

4.4. Combining - Combining - joining materials together. i.e. painting, gluing, joining materials together. i.e. painting, gluing, nailing, bonding.nailing, bonding.

5.5. Conditioning - Conditioning - changing the internal structure of a materialchanging the internal structure of a material

Material processesMaterial processes

1.1. Thermal processesThermal processes - using heat to change materials. - using heat to change materials. • baking, boiling, freezing, steel, glass, petroleum. baking, boiling, freezing, steel, glass, petroleum.

2.2. Mechanical processes - Mechanical processes - Using force to change Using force to change materials. materials.

• hammering, penning, machining, shearinghammering, penning, machining, shearing3.3. Acoustical processes - Acoustical processes - Using sound waves to change Using sound waves to change

or test materials. or test materials. • ultrasound, medicine.ultrasound, medicine.

4.4. Optical processesOptical processes - Using light to change materials. - Using light to change materials.• photoelectric processes, laser, fiber optics.photoelectric processes, laser, fiber optics.

5.5. Electrical processes - Electrical processes - Using electrons to change Using electrons to change materials. materials.

• electrical discharge machining, electromagnetic waves.electrical discharge machining, electromagnetic waves.

Good tool design is providing Good tool design is providing clearance so chips of material clearance so chips of material

do not interfere with the do not interfere with the positioning and machining of positioning and machining of

the work piece.the work piece.

Tooling DiagramTooling Diagram

This is an example of the tooling design principle of having This is an example of the tooling design principle of having stops that are adjustable.stops that are adjustable.

Drilling Jig DiagramDrilling Jig Diagram

Second cutFirst cut

Movable stop Raise the movable stop

This is an example of the tooling design principle of having This is an example of the tooling design principle of having one reference point.one reference point.

competency 7.00 competency 7.00 develop an awareness of the designed world...

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