competence and education development in the globalization perspective

COMPETENCE AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE GLOBALIZATION

PERSPECTIVE

LECTURE BY MD. SAIFUDDIN KHALID, PHDFOR CANDIDATE PROGRAM IN ICT, LEARNING AND ORGANIZATIONAL

TRANSFORMATION

9. SEMESTER MODULET KOMPETENCE- OG UDDANNELSESUDVIKLING I GLOBALISERINGSPERSPEKTIV 9TH SEMESTER COURSE ON COMPETENCE AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN GLOBAL

PERSPECTIVEVERSION: ILOO-9-10KUG-04092015

To answer the following questions:1. What is competence?2. What is globalization? How are relationships between globalization and education? What is globalization of education?

Objectives of this lecture

COMPETENCE AND EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE GLOBALIZATION PERSPECTIVE– PAGE 2FALL 2015 [email protected]

WHAT IS COMPETENCE?

http://www.learning-knowledge.com/confidence.html

Preamble: Pedagogical approach•A shift from teacher-centered education to learner-centered education•A shift from content-centered curricula to competence-centered curriculaDefinition of competence:•Very broad sense: Context-specific dispositions which are acquired and which are needed to cope successfully with domain-specific situations and tasks.•Very specific sense: Competencies can be formulated as concrete learning outcomes. - the degrees of abstraction in the definitions of competence vary from very broad to very specific

Competence


Degree of abstraction in defining competencies.

Degree of abstraction ExampleHigh (not context- and domain-specific)

Ability to explain complex information in an understandable way.

Medium(context- and domain-specific)

Ability to explain mathematical contents in an understandable way which is appropriate for the students’ age.

Low(context- and domain-specific learning outcomes)

Ability to explain differential equations and their use in an understandable way to grade 12 students.

Note: Degrees of abstraction in defining competencies using the example of tertiary teacher education.


A theoretical competence model• The model ideally contains three dimensions:

(a)competence areas (also called competence structure): E.g. personal competencies, professional competencies, scientific competencies, etc.(b)competence levels Basic to professional level, e.g. both knowledge and skill components(c)competence development E.g. Master’s degree are on a higher level than students holding bachelor’s; that is. competencies are not static but can be enhanced.


Four Elements of Competence

Source: Bridget Leathley, http://www.healthandsafetyatwork.com/hsw/risk-assessment/competence

“The case of Ken Woodward, who was blinded as the result of mixing caustic soda and sodium hypochlorite, is an example of where someone did not know the limits of their own competence.”


http://www.healthandsafetyatwork.com/hsw/risk-assessment/competence

http://www.healthandsafetyatwork.com/hsw/biog/bridget-leathley

http://www.healthandsafetyatwork.com/hsw/risk-assessment/competence

WHAT IS GLOBALIZATION?

The American economist Theodore Levitt (1925-2006) and professor at Harvard Business School is credited with coining the term globalization in 1983 to describe changes in global economics affecting production, consumption, and investment.

Who coined the term “globalization”?

The article entitled "Globalization of Markets", which appeared in the May–June 1983 issue of Harvard Business Review. He was also editor of the Harvard Business Review.


• Researchers on globalization and education are not drawn exclusively from one field. The study of the effect of globalization on educational processes is developing its own academic language — global flows of ideas, practices, institutions, and people, such as:

1. ethnoscapes, the movement of the world’s peoples;2. financescapes, the movement of trade, money, and capital;3. technoscapes, the movement of technology; 4. mediascapes, the movement of images and ideas in popular culture;5. and ideoscapes, the movement of ideas and practices concerning

government and other institutional policies.Flow provides a general conceptual framework for the process of

globalization.

The study of globalization and education vs. the traditional fields of education/other

Spring, Joel. “Research on Globalization and Education.” Review of Educational Research 78, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 330–63. doi:10.3102/0034654308317846.

Financescapes


• “Globalization of education refers to worldwide networks, processes, and institutions affecting local educational practices and policies. The key word is “worldwide”.

• Events happen on a global scale that affect national and local school systems. Global educational policies exist in a superstructure above national and local schools. Nothing is static in this superstructure. Nations continue to independently control their school systems while being influenced by this superstructure of global education processes. Today, many nations choose to adopt policies from this global superstructure to complete in the global economy.”

- Chapter 1, Paragraph 1, - Spring, Joel H. Globalization of Education: An Introduction. Second edition. New York: Routledge, 2015.

Globalization of education

1. The adoption by nations of similar educational practices, including curricula, school organizations, and pedagogies.

2. Global discourses that are influencing local and national educational policymakers, school administrators, college faculties, and teachers.

3. Intergovernmental and nongovernment organizations that influence national and local educational practices.

4. Global networks and flow of ideas and practices.5. Multinational corporations that market educational products such as tests, curricula, and

school materials.6. Global marketing of higher education and educational services.7. Global information technology, e-learning and communications8. The effect of the world migration of peoples on national and local school policies and

practices regarding multiculturalism.9. The current effect of English as the global language of commerce on local school curricula

and cultures10. Global models of religious and Indigenous education

Key Points: The Components of Educational Globalization (Spring, 2015)


GLOBALIZATION IS A HOTLY DISPUTED CONCEPT.MARTIN CARNOY

THE ARGUMENT AGAINST THE GLOBALIZATION THESIS IS BASED ON

TWO MAJOR ASSERTIONS:

1.‘TRANSNATIONAL’ CORPORATIONS ARE NOT TRANSNATIONAL BUT ‘MULTINATIONAL’.

2.NATIONAL ECONOMIC REGULATION IS STILL THE MAIN FORM OF PUBLIC ECONOMIC INTERVENTION AND CONTROL


Anti-Globalization and Their Relations with Culture Assimilation/Diversity


• Multinationalization of firms has certainly - multinational firms now account for one-third of world’s economic output and two-thirds of world trade, with 32 per cent of world trade composed of intra-firm trade, unreported in standard trade statistics (UNCTAD, 1993).

• For educational technologists, globalization is a reconceptualization about economic and social space and time. Firms, workers, students, and even children watching television or using the Internet at school, are reconceptualizing their ‘world’, whether that world is defined as a market, a location for production, a place to work, a source of information, a place to vacation, or a source of environmental problems. Manuel Castells calls this the ‘space of flows’

YET…


IT and Globalization• In the software world globalization (G11N) (also called

internationalization) refers to the process of developing and designing websites and software so that they can be adapted to different languages and regions with minimal design and/or engineering changes.

• Localization (L10N), on the other hand, means adapting a website or software for a particular location. It includes translation, but also includes making sure that everything—from the use of colors to graphics to date fields in forms—conforms to local usages.

• The term website globalization is often used to refer the combination of both internationalization and localization. But this usage doesn’t really capture the tension that often exists in trying to combine the global with the local. Balancing global and local content on corporate websites is one of the biggest challenges facing global marketers.


HOW DO WE MAKE GLOBALIZATION MORE DEMOCRATIC?


GLOBALIZATION → REGIONALIZATION→LOCALIZATIONGLOBE → COUNTRY→STATE/MUNICIPALITY


• Labour market• The work organization• The skills required• Increases demand on education system• Educational restructuring through decentralization,

privatization and the rapid increase of instruments for the measurement of education quality.

Globalization affects ..


WHAT DOES EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT ENCOMPASS?

• The International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT). URL: http://ijedict.dec.uwi.edu/

International Journal of Educational Development


REFERENCES1. Spring, Joel H. Globalization of Education: An Introduction. Second edition. New

York: Routledge, 2015.2. Spring, Joel. “Research on Globalization and Education.” Review of Educational

Research 78, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 330–63. doi:10.3102/0034654308317846.3. Carnoy, Martin. Globalization and Educational Reform: What Planners Need to

Know. Paris: Unesco, International Institute for Educational Planning, 1999.4. Bottery, Mike. “Education and Globalization: Redefining the Role of the

Educational Professional.” Educational Review 58, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 95–113. doi:10.1080/00131910500352804.

5. Rizvi, Fazal, and Bob Lingard. “Globalization and Education: Complexities and Contingencies.” Educational Theory 50, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 419–26. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.2000.00419.x.

6. Green, Andy. “Education and Globalization in Europe and East Asia: Convergent and Divergent Trends.” Journal of Education Policy 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 55–71. doi:10.1080/026809399286495.

7. Stromquist, Nelly P., and Karen Monkman. Globalization and Education: Integration and Contestation Across Cultures. Rowman & Littlefield, 2000.