compendium on white papers on broadband
TRANSCRIPT
1
ITU-APT Foundation of India Suite # 304, Gagandeep Building Rajendra Place, New Delhi-110008 Tel. +91-11-25757128, Fax. +91-11-25757129 E mail- [email protected], web site www.itu-apt.org
ITU-APT Foundation of India – 2004 -2014 A Glorious Past to a Promising Future
2
INDEX
Particulars Page No.
1. Introduction of the ITU-APT Foundation……………………………………………..01
2. Messages………………………………………………………………………………..02
3. Preview of Challenges for ITU in the New ICT Network Paradigm………….......11
4. Towards a Uniquely Indian Growth Model… ……………………………………….15
5. The Beginning of the Future: 4G for a New Era of Public
Protection and Disaster Relief…………………………………………………………18
6. Parenting of Children through Insight of Mobile (PCIM) for
Protection of Child Rights on Internet…………………………………………. ……..21
7. Next Generation Approach for Spectrum Management- Best of both the Worlds……………………………………………………………………………………23
8. India needs to sign a Cybercrime Convention……………………………….……..26
9. Broadband for Innovation………………………………………………..……………29
ITU-APT Foundation of India Founding Members
and Major Activities
By Shri Anil Prakash Secretary General
ITU-APT Foundation of India
Late Shri PS Saran Padmashri
First Chairman of the ITU APT Foundation of India
About ITU-APT Foundation of India ITU-APT Foundation of India is a non profit, non-political society working for the last 10 years in India. The society is registered with the Registrar of Societies, Government of Karnataka, Bangalore and also a Sector Member in the ITU Development Sector (ITU-D) and Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). The Foundation has more than 100 membership includes corporate, associates and professionals in the field of telecom, IT and broadcast in both government and private sector in India. The prime objective of the Foundation is the active involvement of telecom private sector in the activi-ties of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), a specialized agency of the United Nations, and the Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT),
Shri S.K. Hajela
Shri Bharat Bhatia
Shri T R Dua
Shri Anil Prakash. Shri R N Aggarwal
Shri Arun Khanna
Shri Kulwinder Gill Shri J P Garg
Shri Shyam Kaushal Shri S.K. Minocha
Shri T V Ramchandran Shri Vinoo Goyal
Founding members of the ITU-APT Foundation of India
Other Members of the ITU-APT Foundation of india
Dr. A Prabhakar
Sh. Deepak Maheshwari
Dr. DK Ghosh
Sh. Jagdish Kapoor
Sh. GD Gaiha
Sh. K. Narayanan
Sh. Manas Pattnaik
Sh. Ramakrishna Dutt
Dr. Sunil Kumar Agrawal
Sh. VP Chandan
LIST OF EVENTS ORGANIZED BY ITU-APT FOUNDATION OF INDIA IN LAST TEN YEARS
1. Workshop on Spectrum for Public Safety Networks (PPDR) and other Land Mobile
Services on 21 February, 2014 at New Delhi
2. Seminar on “Green Telecom Energy” on September 7, 2013 at New Delhi
3. Interactive session with Secretary General, ITU on May 7, 2013 at New Delhi
4. 1st Preparatory Workshop on WRC-15, 9th Annual General Meeting and 3rd PS Saran
Memorial Lecture on 14 & 15 March 2013 at New Delhi
5. Interactive session with Secretary General, ITU on May 9, 2012 at New Delhi
6. 2nd PS Saran Memorial Lecture on 17 April, 2012 at New Delhi
7. Workshop on De-briefing on WRC-12 & 8th AGM on 11 March, 2012 at New Delhi
8. Preparatory Workshop on WRC-12 on 5th December 2011 at New Delhi
9. Seminar on “Green Telecom” on May 31, 2011 at New Delhi
10. Preparatory Workshop on “WRC-12”, 7th AGM & 1st PS Saran Memorial Lecture on 20th
January, 2011 at New Delhi
11. Round Table Conference on “National Telecom Policy 2011” on 3rd February 2011 at New
Delhi
12. Workshop on “NGN Regulation & Migration Strategies” on 13&15 October, 2010
13. Annual Convention on “Equitable Communication for All” on 22nd March, 2010 at New
Delhi
14. Interactive session on “Green Telecom - Alternate Energy Sources” on 3rd March, 2010 at,
New Delhi
15. Interactive Session with Director, BDT, ITU on 21st September 2009 at New Delhi
16. Preparatory Workshop on “ World Radiocommunication Conference-2011” on 28th August,
2009 at New Delhi
17. Annual Convention on “Providing Connectivity to the Unconnected” on March 26& 27,
2009, at New Delhi
18. International Workshop on “Electro Magnetic Emissions: Effects on Human Health: Myths
& Reality” on August 20, 2008 at New Delhi
19. Annual Conference on “Future Scenario in Telecommunications” on March 25&26, 2008
at New Delhi
20. 3rd National Workshop on “WRC-07” on 28th September 2007 at New Delhi.
21. National Seminar on “Connecting Rural India – Way Forward” on 27th August 2007 at New
Delhi.
22. Technical Workshop on “Next Generation IMT Technologies” on 11th April 2007 at New
Delhi
23. National Conference on Cyber Security on 9th & 10th March 2007.at Bangalore.
24. 2nd National Workshop on WRC-07 on 21st December 2006 at New Delhi
25. Round Table Conference on “ Role of WiMAX in Next Generation Services ” on 7th
December 2006 at New Delhi
26. 2nd International Workshop on ‘Standardizing National Regulations on Health Effects of
Mobile Phones Exposure’ on October 17, 2006 at New Delhi
27. National Seminar on “Roadmap for WiMAX in India” on July 18, 2006 at New Delhi
28. Workshop on “Broadband Wireless Technologies – Spectrum Strategies for India” on
February 3, 2006 at New Delhi
29. International Workshop on “Standardizing National Regulations on Health Effects on
Mobile Phones Exposure” on October 25, 2005 at New Delhi
30. Interactive Workshop on “NFAP 2005” on June 2, 2005 at New Delhi
31. 1st National Workshop on World Radiocommunication Conference-2007 (WRC-07) on
February 9, 2005 at New Delhi
32. Seminar on “Government Industry Cooperation on Spectrum Issues –
Challenges and Opportunities” in May 2004 at New Delhi
33. Seminar on “Emerging Trends in Broadband Services” in Feb. 2004 at New Delhi.
34. Workshop on “World Radio communication Conference 2003 (WRC-03)” in May 2003 at
New Delhi.
Simply, our ask is:
YOU HEAR A LOT OF AMAZING FACTS SURROUNDING THE USE OF SPECTRUM AND YOU HAVE THE HARDEST JOB IN THE WORLD, DECIDING WHO TO BELIEVE AND WHO WILL DELIVER
Contact us for more information: www.gsma.com/spectrum4allor email [email protected]
Mobile connects 5 new people every second
Mobile employs 10.5M men and women
Mobile invests US $195B in CAPEX
Mobile drives 3.6% of global GDP
Mobile contributes US $336B to public funds
Mobile pays US $182B retail spend
Mobile Drives Growth - Help us in securing a better future for mobile
+5
Here’s our track record:
Message from Dr. Hamadoun I. Touré Secretary General, International Telecommunication Union
I would like to express my sincere congratulations to the ITU-APT Foundation of
India for its impressive ten years of contribution to the ICT sector in India and the
world. ITU counts on the Foundation to bring together a wide range of interests in
India and provide its unique inputs towards the consensus-building process of the
Union. I am grateful for the contribution of the Foundation to the work of both ITU-T
and ITU-D. The 10th anniversary year of ITU-APT Foundation of India coincides with
two of the highest decision-making Conferences of the ITU: The World
Telecommunication Development Conference 2014 (30 March – 10 April 2014,
Dubai, UAE) for the Development Sector and the Plenipotentiary Conference 2014 (
Busan, Republic of Korea), which is the ultimate decision-making body of the Union.
I am certain that we can continue to count on the constructive and thoughtful
contributions of the Foundation for these important Conferences in 2014, as well as
the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly to follow. I wish the
Foundation a wonderful celebration of achievement and many years of success to
come.
Hamadoun I. Touré Secretary-General International Telecommunications Union
Message from Mr. Malcolm Johnson Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau
Mr. Brahima Sanou Director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau
MESSAGE FOR SOUVENIR
We would like to congratulate the ITU-APT Foundation of India for its decade long
service in fostering the growth of telecommunications/ICT in India through active
engagement of multiple stakeholders in this vibrant sector. We would also like to
convey our gratitude to the Members of the Foundation in contributing to the work of
ITU-T and ITU-D as a Sector Member, and raising awareness of the Union’s
activities in India. ITU-APT Foundation of India has done an outstanding service to
the telecommunication sector in India and has become an example of an ITU
Association to replicate. The success of the Indian Telecommunication and
Information Technology Sector in the past couple of decades is well known and has
witnessed a growth led by the private sector, facilitated through appropriate
government policies and regulations. Such multi-stakeholder collaboration is also
reflected in the Membership of the ITU and its working methods. The ITU thanks the
Foundation for their support in holding constructive dialogue and hopes to continue
this engagement as we transition to a broadband economy and its sustained
development. In closing, we wish the ITU-APT Foundation of India great success as
it celebrates its 10th Anniversary and we look forward to your continued engagement
and contributions to the Union.
Malcolm Johnson, Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau
Brahima Sanou, Director of the Telecommunication Development Bureau
Message from Shri Vimal Wakhlu, Chairman & Managing Director, TCIL
& Chairman 10th Year Celebration Committee
Vimal Wakhlu
Chairman & Managing Director, TCIL
Chairman 10th Year Celebration Committee
It is a matter of great pride for us that ITU-APT Foundation of India is completing 10years in
India, and 10th year celebrations would kick start on 27th march 2014.
ITU-APT Foundation of India is playing a significant role in keeping professionals in India
abreast with the developmental activities in the ICT domain the world over. A significant
number of important events have been organized by ITU-APT Foundation of India over
these years , including over six preparatory workshops on World Radio Conference-12 and
World Radio Conference- 15, and several workshops and seminars on important issues like
Spectrum management, Telecom, Standardization, Broadband, Industry Cooperation,
Mobile EMR, NGN, Cyber Security among a host of other subjects.
Recently, ITU-APT Foundation, India Chapter has formed a Consultancy Group to offer
services of experts in the field of Telecommunications and IT. I am confident that this would
provide a good quality consultancy to various organisations the world over, from individuals
and groups with almost 35-40 years expertise in ICT domain.
I hope to see ITU -APT Foundation, India Chapter adding many more feathers to its cap
during this year of celebration of the 10th year of its establishment.
Message from Mr. Sandeep KaranwalDirector
GSMA India
Telecommunications technologies and services are transforming society so organizations thathelp bridge the gap between the telecom industry, national governments and the ITU arebecoming increasingly important. Driving new research, sharing best practice for policy makingand coordinating a harmonized international approach are essential if we are to create anenvironment where operators can build and continuously invest in the very best telecomnetworks. Congratulations to the ITU-APT Foundation of India on its 10th anniversary and welook forward to your continued hard work for the next 10 years”, said Sandeep Karanwal,Director, GSMA India.
Message from Mr. S K. HajelaChairman
ITU-APT Foundation of India
I rejoice in participating in the 10th Anniversary celebrations of the ITU-APT Foundation of
India and send my good wishes to all members on this occasion. I am happy to note that due
to the enthusiasm, thoughtfulness and hard work of the members, our Foundation has grown
into an active, dynamic and vibrant professional body. The activities organised by the Foundation over the last 10 years have been commendable
and have contributed to fostering on the one hand closer ties, awareness and appreciation
of ITU activities among the members of the telecom community in India, and on the other,
partnership/ participation of ITU, APT and other international bodies in conducting their
country specific/ regional and international activities in India. I note that the membership of the association has been steadily increasing year by year
which manifests its value to the Telecom fraternity and its recognition as a well working
professional body, whose objectives they share. I wish to congratulate the ITU-APT Foundation of India for all the good work it has been
doing done in the pursuit of Telecom development on its own and offering non-government
ground level assistance to ITU in its several events; and for forming a Consulting group to
provide Telecom and IT consultancy services to customers across the globe. This will surely
go a long way in contributing to the development of telecommunication Network
infrastructure and services all over the world. It is a matter of pride for us that ITU-APT Foundation is among the world’s four ITU
Associations currently existing, thanks to the wisdom and foresight of its Founding members.
I wish ITU-APT Foundation of India the very best for its future and hope it continues to do
pioneering work for furtherance of its objectives aimed at Telecom development and
technology.
Shailendra K. Hajela
Message for Mr. RN Agarwal President – ITU-APT Foundation if India
It is indeed a great pleasure that ITU-APT Foundation of India has completed 10 years of its
existence and is going strong with its several programmes and agenda to build a robust
environment for the telecommunications sector in the country.
The ITU-APT Foundation of India has done a great service to the nation and has achieved a
great feat by bringing together captains of the telecommunication industry on a common
platform to contribute to the cause of the ITU in the service of telecommunications in the
country.
The Foundation is a unique platform in more than one way, it works with national preparatory
work with the government, it participates and gives direction in Asia-Pacific region through
APT and direct interaction with ITU being its sector member.
I wish the ITU-APT Foundation of India very eventful 10th anniversary celebrations and
congratulate it on the release of its souvenir to commemorate its laudable achievements n
the past decade.
All the best to the ITU-APT Foundation of India for a great future.
Message by Mr. TR Dua, Co-Chairman ITU- APT Foundation of India
I am so pleased to offer my heartfelt congratulations to the ITU-APT Foundation of India on
its 10th Anniversary celebrations and release of a souvenir to mark the occasion.
As we complete a decade of coming together, we all feel very proud to be associated with
this august body and it has really flourished into a mature and reputable organization. From
the humble beginning in 2003 the ITU-APT Foundation of India has definitely come a long
way in pioneering activities concerning research and study on telecommunications,
broadcasting, information technology with an exceptional focus on rural development. It is
indeed commendable that it has organised more than 50 events which have nearly covered
every facet of telecommunications in its attempt to discuss, deliberate and disseminate
knowledge on this critical sector.
It is a pleasure to see the release of this souvenir that not only contains several well-
informed articles on latest trends and development in telecommunications sector but also
provides an insight into the workings of this organizations.
As you gather for this occasion, I would like to offer my best wishes for a great future for ITU-
APT Foundation of India in years to come.
TCIL – AN INDIAN MULTINATIONAL INC Telecommunications Consultant India Limited is a wholly owned Govt. of India enterprises engaged in proliferation of Telecom and IT excellence in developing countries, right from its inception, in 1978, TCIL has earned a reputation for providing state of the art solutions and services in ICT sector at economical cost. We have foot prints in 60 countries around the world, mainly in Africa, Middle East & South East Asia. Indian client list include central and state Government Ministries including MEA, MoC & IT, MHA, PSUs and autonomous bodies including TRAI,BSNL, BBNL,EPIL, DGLL and private telecom organizations.
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANTS INDIA LIMITED (A Govt. of India Enterprise)
TCIL Bhawan, Greater Kailash-I, New Delhi – 110 048, Tel : +91-11-26202020, Fax : +91-11-26242266
E Mail :[email protected] Website : www.tcil-india.com, www.tcilmanagedservices.com
Our accomplishments:- Pan-African e-Network Project One of the world’s largest dedicated network connecting 48 countries of African Union for Education & health care services. SAARC e-Network Project for Tele-Education and Tele-medicine services. Turnkey implementation of Ku-Band VSAT Network in Nepal. Implementation of National Internet Backbone (NIB) for BSNL.Construction of Rural Roads, State and National Highways and many more projects funded by World bank, IMF,ADB etc.
Why Managed Services ? •Reduced Risk •Low expense •No CAPEX •Scalable Network •No entry/exit barrier •Free from tech. obsolesce •Can focus on core activity Our Technical solutions include products from SAP CISCO IBM EMC
GLL and private telecom organizations.
Telecommunication Wired Line Projects
Optical Fibre Network; FTTH,OPGW,Submarine cable
Wireless Projects Mobile communication, Tetra, 3G,4G, EMF Audits EMF Audits
Information Technology Data Centres, Broadband Networks E-networks
Tele Education Tele Medicine e-governance
Security and Surveillance Authentication Services, IPV6
Civil and Architecture Construction of Buildings and Roads Cyber parks
Managed Services Co-location Services E-procurement Video conferencing Authentication service
New Initiatives
Solar Power E-waste Management Power Line Projects
Corporate Social Responsibility
TCIL Deliverables: Turnkey implementation Consultancy Feasibility studies Planning Designing Engineering Construction Supervision Quality Assurance Lender Engineering Third Party Audit Project Management Execution Training and O&M
11
Preview of Challenges for ITU in the New ICT Network Paradigm
Dr. Shailendra K. Hajela
1. Background
Telecom sector reform spearheaded by ITU and WTO fostering private sector participation in the
development of Telecommunications has resulted in stupendous growth in developing countries
as manifested by Teledensity figures now approaching 70 to 100 percent, which were hovering
around one percent or below in early 90s. Technological developments, particularly in mobile
and other wireless access technologies, optical fibre communications, SDH transmission, and
packet switched data networks, in the standardization of which, ITU played the leading role,
accelerated the pace.
Internet, a packet data network connecting computers, has now become a formidable tool and
communication medium that is no longer confined only to humans - individuals and corporate
organizations with their IP addresses, for their diverse social and economic needs and activities,
but also connects ‘things’ in the newly evolving world order. Internet is now used widely as the
common platform for all electronic communication services from data that includes all kinds of
traffic to multimedia video (over-the-top television, interactive gaming) to telephony (VoIP and
videoconferencing) and so on. Data traffic is inherently more heterogeneous in its quality-of-
service or performance requirements (i.e., intrinsic data rate, delay tolerance, bit error rate
requirements, etc.). High speed access to Internet or simply put, Broadband access, wire-line or
wireless, provides comparable and consumer acceptable signal quality.
Network technology, industry, and market structures have changed significantly as we have
evolved from telephony to the broadband Internet. We recognize that the PSTN is the essential
infrastructure for society and the economy, and as such there is an enduring public interest in
ensuring universal and affordable access.
2. Transition to new Broadband PSTN
As we transition from PSTN (circuit-switched) to the Broadband Internet platform, we also move
from legacy public utility regulation toward market-based regulation. In this new PSTN
ecosystem, focus of regulatory policy would be to ensure the essential public interest
requirements of PSTN services, including the standards, and regulatory mechanisms. We need
to consider how these needs may be mapped into the new world of a broadband PSTN and how
best to accomplish that goal in transitioning to broadband as the new PSTN, where voice is just
another service.
12
As telecommunications markets have become more complex and dynamic, we see policy and
regulatory reforms tending to put more reliance on market-based competition to ensure socially
desirable outcomes. The new broadband PSTN is a composite system of multiple components,
and policymakers need to consider the potential for competition not just in the end-to-end
systems but also in the component markets, viz. end-user equipment, access network
technologies, core networks, cloud services, etc. The viability of efficient competition presumes
the absence of market failures; and when competition is viable, a principal justification for
regulation disappears. It is reasonable to assume that technical innovations and market growth
have increased the viability of competition, while at the same time; the dynamism and increased
complexity of telecommunications markets have increased the costs of regulatory oversight.
3. Internet Governance
Internet ownership and Internet governance are deemed to be open and collaborative without
any one single mandated international authority to regulate it. Several players are involved in this
multi-stakeholder arrangement, as part of IGF or otherwise. The Internet Society (ISOC) was
formed officially in 1992, with one of its purposes being to provide a corporate structure to
support the Internet standards development process. ISOC promotes open, transparent
processes and consensus-based decision making and supports the work of the standards
settings bodies for which it is the organizational home, viz. the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF), the Internet Architecture Board (IAB), the Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG),
and the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF). The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
is the central coordinator for the assignment of unique parameter values for Internet protocols.
The IANA is chartered by the Internet Society (ISOC) to act as the clearinghouse to assign and
coordinate the use of numerous Internet protocol parameters. ISOC promotes the self-regulation
model of the Internet, and supports ICANN’s role in coordinating certain aspects of the
"collaborative" Internet management model. ISOC believes that ICANN along with its related
organizations and their supporting processes are now ready to take the next step in the move to
support the Internet’s management and development in a private sector model, just as
envisioned by the US Government in 1998. Notwithstanding the consolidation by interplay of
market forces, private industry worldwide is also subject to speculation in an open free market
economy.
As a global network, brainchild of the founders of ISOC, based in the USA with Chapters in
several countries, its deep involvement in matters relating to Internet seems reasonable and
justified. However, as Internet is now the most vital asset and critical communication
infrastructure for the entire world, any disruption in it could have a devastating and crippling effect
on peoples and economies, all over the world. There is, therefore need for constructive
13
engagement of ITU and enhancement of its role in Internet Governance to ensure its
independence, efficiency and sustainability.
4. Paradigm change in Standards setting process
In the multi-stakeholder governance and open standards setting model, the international
standards paradigm is changing. Besides the traditional model of ITU-T (including former CCITT
and CCIR), in which countries have been driving the adoption of standards by bodies with
national representation, now a complementary model, where global markets drive international
deployment of standards regardless of their formal status is emerging. Globalization of markets,
together with the rapid advancement of technology and intensifying time-to-market demands, are
influencing consumer expectations. Industry is responding by seeking more efficient ways to
define global standards, which, in turn, help expand the global markets. IEEE Open Stand (ards)
is an active collaborator in the international standards process. Besides, there are IEC and
regional standards’ bodies and several other national and autonomous standardization bodies
engaged in the development of ICT standards.
ITU is committed to connecting the entire world's people – wherever they live and whatever their
means. Through its work, it protects and supports everyone's fundamental right to communicate.
That would include access to Broadband in its new Avatar of PSTN. Under the new international
standards paradigm, ITU needs to coordinate the efforts of all collaborating organizations and
undertake the responsibility to lead for the benefit of mankind.
5. Business Orientation – strengthening regional presence and extension to national level
In the free market economy, public awareness, visibility and image building are essential to drive
home the efficiency and competence of an organization. The ITU has to face the challenge from
entities that have for long worked together in a consultative process without discord under the
auspices of ITU with the common goal of evolving globally acceptable standards for the benefit of
all, but now find its processes and procedures archaic and too slow to meet the need of the hour.
ITU has to consider the market dynamic unleashed by sector reform, Internet, data centricity and
importance of social media in public life. ITU needs to take into account the changing paradigm
and consider business orientation to more efficiently serve the sector in the newly evolving
Broadband PSTN ecosystem.
Strengthening of regional presence and extending it to country level may be undertaken through
voluntary professional associations/bodies or enjoined group of them to carry out the task of
proliferating information about the important role ITU plays in ICT sector. Historically, ITU is
generally seen, in the public mind, as a UN Agency concerned more about the needs of national
Administrations and advising/ assisting them in ICT development, than that of the industry and
14
consumers. This perception must change through the national entities that may function as
authorized representative bodies of ITU, much in the same way as Chapters of ISOC or IEEE
with clear bylaws governing them. The public policy in a country for the ICT sector is determined
by its Administration, and therefore, the policy direction for all other stake holders’ activities
comes from them. To that extent, for the initiative of setting up the institution of national
authorized representative of ITU, the ITU Associations and Foundations like ours, may obtain not
only the concurrence of their Administrations but also endeavor to ensure their participation and
support.
Chairman, ITU-APT Foundation of India; Formerly: Adviser (Technology) Telecom Commission, New Delhi, India; Coordinator of the ITU Regional Office for Asia-Pacific, Bangkok, Thailand. Served as Consultant to TRAI, WB, ADB, ITU, UNDP, UNESCAP, APT and the Govt. of India]
Ajmer
Delhi
Ropar
Chandigarh
Shimla
Srinagar
Jammu
Gorakhpur
Lucknow Patna
Kolkata
ChennaiCalicut
Srikakulam
Gangtok
Shillong
Kokrajhar
Lunglei
AizawlAgartala
Churachandpur
Imphal
Kohima
Chuchuyimlang
Tezu
Pasighat
Itanagar
Dibrugarh
Aurangabad
DDelhelhihihiii
THE NIELIT STORY
Accredited trainingpartners nationwide
NON-FORMALCOURSES‘O’, ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ level courses in InformationTechnology(erstwhile DOEACC) ITES-BPO, Hardware Multimedia and Information Security, etc.
CAPACITYBUILDINGCourses on e-Governance and state-of-the-art technological areas like GIS, Cloud Computing etc. Preferred partner for rolling out of government schemes. MoU with AICTE, TSSC, IRDA, CSC-SPV, CGG and many other institutions of repute.
C
C
EMPOWERINGMASSES Implementing government schemes for empowerment of rural citizens and women in the country.
Electronics Niketan, 6 CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003 Tel: 011-24363330/1/2, 24366577-79-80 | Fax: 011-24363335, 24363937 email: [email protected]
Facilitation Centers for proliferation of
digital literacyFORMALCOURSES B-Tech, M-Tech courses in niche areas in association with state universities & technical boards.
NIELIT centresacross the country
30
4000+
NIELITCENTERSAgartala, Aizwal, Aurangabad, Ajmer, Calicut, Chandigarh, Chennai, Delhi, Gangtok, Gorakhpur, Guwahati/Tezpur,Imphal, Itanagar, Kolkata, Kohima/Chuchuyimiang, Leh, Lucknow, Patna, Shimla, Shillong, Srinagar/Jammu
VISIT US AT WWW.NIELIT.GOV.IN
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Leh PAN-INDIA PRESENCE
ONLINE SERVICESOnline registration and examination including online facility for accreditation of training institute with payment and SMS gateways. e-Content development. Virtual classroom facilities.
ESDM SECTORPMU (Project Management Unit) for scheme on skill development in the ESDM sector. Capacity building through new courses for the development of ESDM ecosystem.
DIGITALLITERACYNIELIT CCC/BCC, preferred programmes for the proliferation of digital literacy in the country. Learning material available free of cost in 22 Indian languages.
recognised by many state governments.
800+
UPCOMINGCENTERS
NIELITHQ
UPCOMINGEXT. CENTERS
ACCREDITEDINSTITUTES
EXISTINGCENTERS
EXTENSIONCENTERS
SHORT-TERMCOURSESRepertoire of Standardized Short Term Courses with 30 courses under 5 verticals in Electronics and Hardware and 35 courses under 15 verticals in Software and IT
The National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology (NIELIT), a body with the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY), Ministry of Communications & Information Technology, Government of India, is actively engaged in the development of qualified human resources in the areas of IT; Electronics; Communication technologies; Hardware; Cyber Law; Cyber Security; IPR; GIS; Cloud Computing; ESDM; e-Governance and related verticals. NIELIT offers courses both in the Formal and the Non Formal sector of education and is also one of the National Examination body which accredits institutes/organisations for the conduct of courses in IT in the Non Formal sector.
NIELIT has been mandated to undertake various projects under Capacity Building in ICT with the objective of creating human resources at various levels including development of employment and self-employment linked quality and cost effective training programmes, besides conducting IT Literacy programmes for the masses, especially targeted towards the rural/ underdeveloped areas in the country. NIELIT is also the preferred agency for many State Governments for rolling out IT Literacy programmes for its employees and the masses.
Over these years, NIELIT has established itself as a premier organization having pan-India presence through a network of 30 own Centres / Extension Centres and a network of about 800+ accredited training institutions, besides a network of about 4000+ facilitation centres engaged in the proliferation and training of NIELIT’s immensely popular IT Literacy Programmes, namely, Course on Computer Concepts (CCC) and Basic Computer Course (BCC).
15
Global Share of Brains - Richard W. Oliveri
In his essay “Towards a Uniquely Indian Growth Model,” in Reimaging India, Anand
Mahindra poses the question: “If we continue to judge India’s progress by China’s, using
metrics like FDI and GDP growth, or statistics like the kilometers of highway and millions of
apartments built, we will continue to be branded a laggard.”
I believe Mahindra’s guess is to devise a measure that more accurately reflects the
economic progress of India compared to China, or any other country for that matter. I agree
that such a new measure is vitally necessary as we are, now, clearly, in new world in which
traditional financial measures such as annual GNP, do not reflect the true long term
economic and intellectual capital strength that a country possesses.
Therefore, I propose a new measure, Global Share of Brains (GSB), which measures the
number of people who are engaged in any and all economic value added employment
requiring intellectual rather than manual skills. Employment in any such activity would
require the attainment of an intellectual competency measured by the achievement of a
certification or third party recognition by a professional skill standards evaluation authority.
This new measure would also include entrepreneurial activity (including agricultural) that,
while lacking a specific certification, requires intellectual activity and produces economic
value beyond subsistence, that required to support two or more people. While
entrepreneurial categories of competency-based employment are harder to measure, it is a
vital component of the Global Share of Brains metric, because so much of the world’s
economic value creation activity is now undertaken by small businesses and entrepreneurs,
and typically involves the use of intellectual activity.
To better understand Global Share of Brains as a new country level or macroeconomic
measure, it can be thought of as roughly analogous to the microeconomic measure of an
individual firm’s worth as reflected by its fair market share price on public exchanges. Such
fair market value is almost always a significant multiple greater than its book value. The
additional premium that a modern corporate stock commands is often derived from investors’
value of the firm’s brand(s) or other intangible attribute such as intellectual property, patents,
etc. In recent years, despite the vagaries of periodic market swings, the total market cap of
all firms on the NYSE has been as much as four times total book value. Such values derive
from investor confidence in “intellectual capital assets” of firms that provide the innate ability
to generate rents, or returns, over a long period of time.
What will happen when intelligence is recognized as a global resource?”--Marshall McLuhan
16
[As I write this paper I am in Hyderabad, India, speaking at a conference called SKILLS
2013, aimed at accelerating the life and livelihood skills of India’s millions of poor. My
presentation, called A Billion Brains, is a “call to arms”for India to attempt to take advantage
of the perfect storm in education. ]
I believe strongly that India has the unique opportunity to empower a billion citizens and
make them economically active by 2050. In so doing, India would have the leading Global
Share of Brains. If all other countries remained on their own current trajectory of educating
its citizens, India would have the world’s leading percent Share of Global Brains.
My analysis indicates that, should India educate a billion brains, by 2050, India would also
become the number one economic power in the world, using traditional measures such as
GDP. In fact, under such a scenario, it would have a GDP of some $117 T or more than
$90,000 (in US dollars) per capita. India would also, by dint of its economic power, assume
the mantel of the intellectual, social and political leader of the world.
In making this projection, I hasten to note that I have succumbed to the economist’s trick of
holding all other variables constant, such as the current rate of education in all other
countries, while accelerating India’s. Such analysis does offer the opportunity, however, to
re-imagine an outcome.
India has one of the most important of the four forces creating the educational perfect storm,
a free democracy (messy though it may be) with more than a billion citizens with free will. No
other country rivals it in terms of the number of people within its borders who have the
political and social freedoms to learn.
Two of the other unalterable forces do not belong to India but are there for the taking. One is
the dramatically falling cost and efficacy of digital education, the other, a growing recognition
that "being educated" is no longer a matter of counting courses. Do the math: a typical
undergraduate degree is 40 courses of three credits each, taken over four years but which is
no longer a guarantee of superior income levels, or employment.
In such as short essay, a full description of the declining costs and concomitant rise of
efficacy of digital education is impossible. Suffice it to say that digital technologies and new
modes of Internet delivery of learning are now rendering the traditional classroom obsolete.
Education, virtually unaltered for thousands of years, has now entered the digital abyss that
has destroyed or radically transformed many other industries such as personal investment
trading, newspapers, music, and video distribution, to name just a few.
17
Also fueling this restructuring of education is the growing recognition that what really counts
in the marketplace is not counting credits but the acquisition and certification of competency
of intellectual skills. In response, American universities are now awarding more certifications
than degrees.
The final force only India can animate: the political will and private zeal to take advantage of
digital education and skill its people. I have suggested that the goal is one billion
intellectually skilled Indians by 2050. If it does rise to the challenge and does become the
world’s leader in Global Share of Brains, it will also become the world’s new storehouse of
intellectual human capital
About the Author - Dr. Oliver is the founder & CEO of the American Sentinel University, which offers bachelor, masters and doctoral nursing degrees, and masters degrees in health care informatics, technology and management. The University currently has about 4,000 students and nearly 200 faculty. Prior to founding American Sentinel University, he was a Professor of Management at the Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University, where he taught strategy and global management, and was a Visiting Professor of Management at Cornell’s Johnson Graduate School of Management where he taught global management. While at Vanderbilt's Owen Graduate School of Management he received the Outstanding Professor award in the Executive MBA program and received a Dean’s Teaching Award. Business Week ranked his strategy course #3 in the world. Prior to joining the Owen School, he was Vice President, Corporate Marketing, Northern Telecom Inc. He joined Northern Telecom in 1976 and held various positions in marketing and communications, and for three years was a special assistant to the Chairman & CEO. Prior to Northern Telecom, Dr. Oliver served in various marketing, investor and public affairs capacities for the Du Pont Company in the United States and Canada.Dr. Oliver holds a B.Sc. in economics from Cornell University and a Ph.D. from the State University of New York.
Dr. Oliver served as Chairman of the Board of Directors of Symmetricom Inc. (NASDAQ) and has served on the Boards of Applied Innovation (NASDAQ), Quality Industries and Prime Office Products, Inc., Borden Chemicals, Communications Central (NASDAQ), Comptronix Corp (NASDAQ) and First Union Bank (Tenn). He served as an adviser to Massey- Burch Capital, a venture capital firm. He was the principle researcher and a spokesman for a joint venture between IBM/American Express focused on the future of small business.
Dr. Oliver is the author of What is Transparency (McGraw-Hill), The Biotech Age: The Business of Biotech and How to Make Money from It (McGraw-Hill), The Coming Biotech Age: The Business of Bio-Materials (McGraw-Hill)The Shape of Things to Come: Seven Imperatives for Winning in the New World of Business, (Business Week Books, McGraw-Hill), and co-author (with William Jenkins) of The Eagle & the Monk: 7 Principles of Successful Change, as well as several other books, book chapters and more than 50 academic and professional articles.
With Best Compliments from
Qualcomm India Private Limited 8th Floor, Tower D, Global Business Park, Sikanderpur, Sector 26,Gurgaon, Haryana 122002 Phone:0124 664 2316
18
The Beginning of the Future: 4G for a New Era of Public Protection and Disaster Relief
By Bharat Bhatia – Vice President ITU-APT Foundation of India
"Access to information is critical to successful disaster risk management.”
-- Margareta Wahlström, United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary-General for
Disaster Risk Reduction
On the night of 26th November 2008, a band of 10 heavily-armed terrorists launched an onslaught
on the city of Mumbai. They sneaked into the city from the sea in rubber dinghies. The attack
resulted in the death of 166 people and 308 injured. Similarly, the 9/11 attack in the United
States resulted in the loss of nearly 3,000 lives, and according to Institute for the Analysis of
Global Security, the losses are close to a staggering US$2 trillion. These are arresting examples
of public safety situations whose final outcomes could have been different had public safety
agencies been equipped with technologies to
access information critical to disaster
management. Natural disasters too present a
major challenge to governments and
societies. The Great East Japan Earthquake,
tsunami and the ensuing nuclear disaster, as
well as the Southeast Asian floods, which so
severely affected Thailand, were major
contributors to many lives lost and US$294
billion in regional economic losses –
representing 80 percent of global losses due to disasters in 2011.
It is private citizens and communities who pay the highest price during a disaster, be it manmade
or natural. and it is the Public safety agencies or first responders, who at the forefront, face
extreme demands while fighting terrorists, maintaining law and order and carrying out large-scale
rescue efforts.
What are the communication technologies that public safety officials use? Are they hardened,
powerful, comprehensive and advanced enough to deliver against increasingly complex tasks?
4G, the Promise of the Future Private communication networks have supported the needs of government and public safety
agencies for nearly a century. These networks have undergone major evolution. No one could
have imagined first responders would one day use their communications systems to run license
plate checks, to file traffic tickets or to monitor high crime areas from miles away via video
surveillance systems. While this is already happening, 4G networks mean even more powerful,
19
innovative solutions to ensure better responses from first responders, based on rich, real-time
information. They will be the driving force behind the powerful new network structure that will
transform mission-critical public safety communication and applications in a manner not yet
dreamed about. LTE is the standards based primary technology being considered by public
safety agencies and governments for broadband applications in the foreseeable future.
Tomorrow’s 4G mission-critical broadband communications networks based on LTE will make it
easier to access more real-time information no matter where first responders are. The next-
generation systems will support interoperability between existing narrowband mission-critical
voice equipment and broadband equipment, support communications across multiple access
technologies to enable first responders to cost-effectively use multiple networks to obtain more
services over a wider range of coverage.
Officers will be able to run remote analytics leading to greater productivity and reduced costs;
Access video of a crime in progress or check maps enroute to the crime scene to decide how
best to approach unseen.
Video surveillance cameras might automatically trigger an alarm to alert command centers
about an accident involving hazardous material, and also simultaneously alert municipal
authorities.
The ability to reduce gridlock in the city roads and improve disaster response will be enabled
through dynamic mapping, weather and traffic flow applications.
Municipal workers during an emergency will be able to access step-by-step maintenance
procedures remotely; and additional staff can be rerouted to address higher priority missions.
Unique Demands of Public Safety Mission-critical demands of public safety agencies impose unique demands on communication
networks, which commercial networks are not intended to meet. Public safety networks, be they
existing networks, or future 4G networks require to be built for ‘worst case scenarios’, while
commercial networks are designed for ‘best effort’. Public safety networks, by necessity are
generally hardened to guarantee a certain level of coverage to ensure first responders are never
without the ability to communicate.
With the roll-out of networks would come the need to choose 4G devices. Here again,
commercial devices are not built to meet the unique demands of public safety agencies. In fact,
a study by VDC Research Group found that buying ruggedized devices deliver a savings of about
US$2000 per year per device thanks to reduced equipment failure and downtime.
20
The deployment of mission-critical 4G networks would also need to consider the applications to
be used as some applications are band-width intensive and require more capacity while others
involve real-time transmission and very low network delay.
Standardization Imperative……………………………………………………………………………
2013 will be the first year when many Asian countries will start spectrum allocations for 4G or
LTE services. Countries such as Australia, Japan, Korea and Singapore, who have recently
started the process for allocation of much needed 4G spectrum, will make the critical allocation
decisions and auctions in 2013. These services are extremely useful and efficient for providing
mobile video and internet as billions of mobile phone users switch to smart phones and tablets.
Recognizing the importance and the benefits of video and broadband communications for public
safety services (commonly called the PPDR -Public Protection and Disaster Relief -services),
many Asian countries will also commence spectrum allocations for broadband PPDR, enabling
the police, fire and emergency responders in these countries to also start using the latest 4G LTE
technology.
Most of these allocations will be in 700 or 800 MHz bands that have been harmonized by the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT) for
broadband for public safety in Asia. Such harmonized of spectrum helps lower equipment prices
and ensures expanded equipment availability. In emergency and disaster relief situations, the
benefits of spectrum harmonization also include enhanced cross-border circulation of equipment
and increased potential for interoperability of communications when a country receives
assistance from other nations.
India has been leading the efforts in the ITU to select 700 MHz band for broadband PPDR and is
working with many countries on these issues
21
Parenting of Children through Insight of Mobile (PCIM) for Protection of Child Rights on
Internet- Col Mahesh Khera President, Broadband India Forum (BIF)
Background
1. Convinced that the world would never see any end to the mobile revolution, Broadband India
Forum (BIF) brought out National Family Locator and People Monitoring (NFLPM) after that
unfortunate Nirbhaya incident on 16 Dec 2012. BIF is now contemplating to come out with
another innovation for "Parenting of Children through Insight of Mobile (PCIM)". Actually, PCIM
like services, though not exactly same, are being offered by Verizon and Sprint in US for parents
purely as their MVAS business. Many European operators too are seriously considering PCIM
like services. For a large country like India and all other developing nations, we need to seriously
consider the ramifications of rapid mobile evolution upon our children.
2. With never ending increase in the use of mobiles for voice, text, games, apps and web surfing,
there is a nonstop urge to explore newer knowledge, awareness and things instantly by the
children using their mobiles. While this is a great step in quicker learning, parents are finding it
nearly impossible to play their most important traditional role of parenting their kids as used to be
done earlier. With a phenomenal increase in the number of working parents, parenting has
become very challenging. Children are of impressionable age and get attracted to new things
much faster without fully comprehending the consequences. There have been so many cases
where unsuspecting children have been targeted by people who are older than the kids through
SMS, MMS, What's App, calls, videos etc. Games, apps and open web have made things even
worse. The number of children, both boys and girls being sexually abused and physically
harmed, has started increasing rapidly.
3. A quick prevention is that a stitch in time saves nine. If parents can come to know the mobile
usage of their children through real time and accurate insight, they can instantly exercise control
by calling them and advising against any excessive friendship on phone or even temporarily lock
its usage for some time. When parents return home in the evening, they can have a very good
friendly and advisory chat with their kids sharing with them the possible dangerous outcome in
case the children continue to do same activities on mobile. This is what good parenting in time
can save many unpleasant situations with their children. EU is contemplating a law asking all
operators in Europe to provide content filtering service to parents to prevent their children from
seeing objectionable content.
Broad Features of PCIM
4. PCIM gathers insight of mobile usage of the child and instantly delivers a dash board of
activities on the parent mobile or tablet, lap top, PC or connected TV. The parent has very good
22
idea of the daily activities of the child in the usage of the mobile which enables quick parental
guidance being given to the child any time. Broadly, the features of PCIM are:-
(a) Voice. Call details of called person name, phone No, time, duration, frequency of calls
to the same person, alerts of calls made at odd hours, alerts of calls made from
specific places, placing of contacts in forbidden list and white list and so on.
(b) SMS. Details of sent and received SMS from unknown contacts, time of SMS, places
from where SMS sent, frequency etc.
(c) MMS. Similar to SMS.
(d) What’s App and other OTT Chats. Similar to SMS.
(e) Apps. Forbidden list of apps, usage of apps, limit to paid apps etc.
(f) Games. Similar to apps.
(g) Web sites. Forbidden web sites.
(h) Social Monitor. FB usage with forbidden persons.
(i) Locking and unlocking of phone. School time or late night texting and so on.
Conclusion
5. We have known so many cases where tribal girls have been exploited by the criminals by
promising them jobs in towns and cities and eventually forcing all wrong things upon these young
children. We are convinced that both NFLPM and PCIM together have a huge import as essential
Government To Citizen (G2C) services for safe and progressive society in developing India.
6. BIF is working on a proposal so that the government can decide PCIM either as a mandatory
service to be provided by all operators or the government could consider coming out with an
essential social and welfare service like PCIM as a G2C service. India is a large country with
much lower rate of literacy and continuous mobile evolution is making parenting extremely
difficult which might result into a very large number of unsuspecting kids being abused by
predators giving sleepless nights to parents. We as a nation need to look into this aspect also
very seriously just like NFLPM for family safety and security. Both family safety and security and
prevention of crime against children do come in the bracket of essential G2C services. India,
therefore, needs to deploy services like NFLPM and PCIM as essential G2C services which allow
full exploitation of mobiles for managing even the life of a family very well giving comfort level to
the parents.
With Best Compliments from
National Internet Exchange of India Flat no. 6B, Uppals M6 Plaza, 6 Jasola District Centre, New Delhi-110025 Phone: +91-11-48202000Fax: +91-11-48202013 Email: [email protected]
India's first and only neutral internet exchange
23
Next Generation Approach for Spectrum Management- Best of both the Worlds
Satya N .Gupta, Former Principal Advisor, TRAI and Jt. Secy. General, ITU-APT Foundation, India
“The technology for more dynamic spectrum access has come of age without being exploited
fully. At the same time, consumer demand for services has exposed the limitations of current
arrangements. It is now upto regulators and policy makers to provide the means to unleash the
innovative potential of dynamic spectrum access and, in doing so, play an important part in
tackling spectrum crunch.”- Chief Executive, OFCOM, March,2012”
The demand for radio spectrum is ever increasing exponentially, particularly in countries like
India with 96% mobile and 4% fixed connectivity. Planning for the future requires consideration of
best & evolving spectrum management technologies and looking ahead at the task of universal
broadband availability. Some say that Spectrum management is not a Science but an Art and
hence needs dexterous handing. Regulators and spectrum managers world over are groppling
with the mission of performing the balancing act of meeting the demands of bandwidth-hungry
service providers, emerging technologies, innovative applications and movement towards de-
licencing.
When handled in isolation spectrum demand for each stakeholder need a niche solution, which
may be conflicting with the other, resulting into mismanagement and sub-optimal utilization of this
precious resource which has started appearing scarce. One solution for this can be a Layered
approach (Divide and Rule) which has been exploited by Internet and NGN to make the network
and system efficient. Going by the learning that “One Size does not Fit All” the spectrum
management can be done in a Pyramid mode dividing the allocations in separate layers of
Exclusive Allocation, Dynamic need-based Allotment and Licence- Exempt usage to get best of
both the worlds. This can result in meeting the QOS requirement of Basic services and super-
efficient usage for value-added services including Broadband and emerging innovative
applications.
Such a conceptual approach, whose time has come, is depicted below:
24
As per the above structure the spectrum allocation can be divided into 3 distinct layers as
following;
1. Exclusive, Dedicated Allocation- this layer makes use of conventional way of spectrum
allocation which is generally done through auction. This should be used for startup
spectrum to an operator for providing QOS based basic services wherein degraded
quality as well as Interference is not tolerated e.g. 2G and 3G voice services. Any
requirement of additional spectrum beyond startup spectrum by an operator should be
met through dynamic allocation from Pooled spectrum which should be demand assigned
( remember DAMA, Demand-Assigned Multiple Access, used in space communications).
For this use of Public Switched Spectrum Pool (PSSP) could be made on dynamic
allocation basis. Generally, a major chunk of popular spectrum at ‘sweet spots” in 800,
900, 1800, 2100 MHz band amounting to around 300 MHz needs to be allocated
through this route. Major part of the upfront revenue requirement of Govt. can be met
through this chunk, but the optimum utilization of spectrum in this method is not ensured.
2. Dynamic Spectrum Exchange- The most efficient allocation and usage of radio spectrum
for QOS- oriented services can be done through dynamic sharing basis by creating a
Common Pool of Add-on spectrum, allocated based on need and demand for Add-on
spectrum by existing operators and charged based on usage without any upfront
payment. This method can be used for additional requirements of operators beyond
25
startup spectrum. As the operators are made to pay per usage based, they are saved of
‘Winners Curse” which is countered in Auctions, but eventually the Govt. ends up earning
more due to payment linked to usage which becomes multiple time than the dedicated
allocation. Any additional chunks of spectrum, being vacated fully or partially by public,
state and defense forces are the ideal candidates for this approach. To start with this
concept can be tried for about 100Mhz chunk coming out of “Digital Dividend” band in 700
MHz.
Licence-Exempt Spectrum- This is the top of Pyramid and most efficient way of spectrum
utilization. It is ideally suited for “Best-Effort” services like Broadband (Wi-fi). Though
Govt. does not earn any upfront revenue from this, but the societal returns on its wide
spread exploitation are immeasurable. In addition to last- meters broadband access
powered by FTTX, this can also be used for Data-offload (to spare the dedicated
spectrum for Voice) and also the In-Building Solutions for Voice through FMC (Fixed
Mobile Convergence). World over around 450 Mhz. of such spectrum in 2.4,5.1 and 5.7
GHz is unlicensed for such applications but in India around 150Mhz in 2.4 and 5.8 GHz
band only is made available under this and that also with lot of technical restrictiions.We
also have to remember that consistent with what is happening around the world, and also
consistent with the need of universal provision of all services to the entire populace the
pyramid should gradually become flat and then a reverse pyramid, wherein the
delicenced spectrum will be the norm and the dedicated spectrum will be an exception.
Way forward:-
1. Make more spectrum available unlicensed for wi.fi based on best international practices.
2. Establish a Think-Tank of Sector Experts to study and plan Proof-of-Concept project to test
“Dynamic Spectrum Exchange” for spectrum sharing and pioneer it.
3. Have a timeframe- earlier the better as Time is Essence.
26
India needs to sign a Cybercrime Convention
Karnika Seth, cyberlaw expert & Advocate, Supreme Court of India
Today most cybercrimes such as 419 Nigerian attacks or fake employment or lottery scams are
trans border. In the age of social media and cloud computing, investigation of cybercrimes
require data and evidence often located in another jurisdiction. There are widespread phishing
attacks, global attacks on infrastructure, transnational organized crimes and cyber wars.
Therefore, international cooperation in cybercrime matters is not an advantage but a necessity
today.
The Information Technology Act,2000 also applies to any offence or contravention committed
outside India by any person irrespective of his nationality if the act or conduct constituting the
offence or contravention involves as computer, computer system or network located in India.
However, incase there is an offence committed by any Foreign national under IT Act,2000 such
as identity theft ( section 66C of IT Act,2000 and/or hacking under Section 66), legal assistance
and cooperation will be required from concerned Authorities in the foreign country where the
foreign national resides for any investigation / prosecution/ extradition. This is difficult to obtain in
the absence of a Cybercrime Convention that India is signatory to (as India has not
signed any ) and/or an Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty(MLAT) for cooperation on cybercrime
matters (as India has not signed any). Although India has signed MLAT with few countries for
legal assistance on criminal matters, a crime/cybercrime may not be covered by it in those
arrangements which require dual criminality to be satisfied and one of countries doesnot consider
a cybercrime to be a crime as per its laws. Moreover ,the scope of assistance agreed in MLAT
India has signed with other countries on criminal matters is not adequate to effectively handle
cybercrime matters, particularly because digital medium is dynamic. A cyber crime can play
havoc in cyberspace if it is a botattack . As the speed of committing crime and impact thereof is
greater in cybercrime cases and because electronic evidence can be easily tampered or is
volatile, it is imperative to trace the offender in the shortest possible time and preserve oroiginal
evidence. Moreover, tracing of offender in cybercrime cases may be more difficult due to
availability of several techniques to camouflage one’s identity using steganography, onion routing
or other hide IP practices. In the MLATs signed by India for criminal matters , in general, there
are no time limits for execution of requests and therefore such MLATs may not provide efficient
procedure or cooperation framework in cybercrime matters. Effective investigation and
prosecution of cybercrime matters requires quick action as evidence is volatile and failure to
collect electronic evidence in a timely manner can stifle effective investigation
27
India is currently a signatory to UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. This
Convention applies to criminal matters in general and may not be effectively used in cyber crime
cases. In 2013, a comprehensive study was conducted by UN on the emerging problem of
cybercrime with a view to examining options to strengthen existing and to propose new national
and international legal or other responses to cybercrime. It was found that there is a large
diversity of national cybercrime laws on international cooperation and there is need for
harmonization of national legal frameworks-definition and scope of cybercrimes, investigative
powers, and admissibility of electronic evidence. It was felt that the Convention and national legal
frameworks need to be adapted by making suitable amendments to deal with rising cybercrimes.
In my view, it would be more efficacious to sign the Cybercrime Convention and also make
efforts to frame MLATs that expressly deal with international cooperation on cybercrime matters
or atleast update the existing MLATs with effective provisions to deal with cybercrime matters.
This will bring harmonization in both substantive and procedural laws governing cooperation from
other countries on legal assistance in cybercrime matters.
Unlike a MLAT , Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty, a Convention has the advantage
that it brings uniformity in legal cooperation with more than one country.
A Cybercrime Convention could also address procedure for extradition. In MLATs
generally extradition is not dealt with and a separate extradition treaty is signed by
India with other countries.
A Convention such as European Convention on Cybercrime does not supersede
the MLAT provisions and contracting states are free to use the MLAT provisions
for international cooperation.
Thus many countries that sign Convention also have existing bilateral arrangements with other
countries and they can freely rely on those provisions.
It is imperative that India signs a Cybercrime Convention such as the European Cybercrime
Convention that establishes and harmonizes legal cooperation between member nations in
investigation and prosecution of cybercrimes.
It will assist in harmonizing –
types of criminal activity to be covered e.g cheating by personation, forgery,
misrepresentation, etc.
types of judicial proceedings that stands covered
28
procedure for requesting assistance –format, content requirements and
authorities from and to which the request may be sent,
cooperation In relation to seizure/production/confiscation/preservation of Documents
/electronic records/evidence
process for Interception of electronic communications-preservation requirements
cooperation in recorded of evidence
extradition procedure
timelines for responding to requests for cooperation
standard for confidentiality and data protection .For example, the European
Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters Art. 26 addresses data
protection standards that must be applied when transferring information through
an MLAT.
Even United States of America has signed the European Convention on Cybercrime and ratified
it .India must consider signing the European Cybercrime Convention that will provide basis for
effective mutual legal cooperation in cybercrime matters with other countries and/or at least,
existing MLATs be updated or supplemental MLAT specifically for international cooperation on
\cybercrime matters be signed by India with other countries
With Best Compliments from
Nokia India SP Infocity Industrial Plot no. 243 Udyog Vihar, Phase 1,Dundahera Gurgaon, Haryana - 122016.INDIA Tel. +91 124 4833000, Fax +91 124 4833099
29
Broadband for Innovation
Sanjay Chaudhary, ITU-APT Foundation of India
The Global Innovation Index (GII 2013, UN WIPO) showcases the importance of local hubs and geographic concentrations of universities, companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions in fostering innovation. Clusters have an impact on competitiveness by pooling talent, know-how, research labs, and manufacturing capabilities and concentrating them in a small area. As success begets success, a virtuous circle is created. For this reason, innovation hubs should be of intense interest to companies and governments worldwide.
What brings together innovation eco-system partner 24*7 is telecom connectivity. Connectivity fuels interaction and opening up access to information and knowledge. In an open innovation model companies, employees and customers collaborate to gain opportunities, integrate ideas and skills to deliver results in the ever changing marketplace.
The world is going through a broadband revolution. Broadband is accelerating innovation via facilitating the exchange of ideas in an innovation supporting ecosystem. Plus we see myriad innovations within broadband itself – be it new devices (smartphones, tablets), technologies (GPON, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC, open APIs, SON), connection speed (now reaching up-to Gbps for end user access), business models (cloud computing, mobility, app stores, open source platforms) and spectrum (new frequencies e.g. 60 GHz band for 802.11 ad, sharing, re-framing, trading).
Building an ecosystem for innovation takes time and broadband is an essential component of it. Broadband is an innovation accelerator and according to ITU, drives change across major components of innovation namely people, ideas, finance and markets.
For people, ubiquitous broadband will provide benefit in terms of instant information access, e-medicine, e-entertainment and e-governance, e-education, skills development and employment. Broadband will help give shape to ideas via access to cloud computing (which itself is broadband enabled innovation) resources, ideas exchange via crowd sourcing, collaboration via tele-presence, social networks and videos streaming (both again are also broadband enabled innovation). Finance aspect is taken care of via tele-presence to venture capitalists across the globe. For markets it means secure platforms for e-commerce, m-commerce, location based advertisements and trading exchanges.
If the number of patents granted in a year is taken as a measure for innovation in a nation, then according to ITU report, the regression analysis based on 2007 World Development Indicator data shows a positive and reasonably large correlation between broadband penetration and patent numbers. The analysis shows that 1% increase in broadband penetration increases the patents granted by 5% in a year.
Neutrality as a policy area concerns technology neutral licensing regime where service providers use technologies best suited to their customer and network needs, irrespective of spectrum band. ITU-APT continues to promote this with both TRAI and DOT as a key aspect of broadband enabled innovation.
30
ITU-APT shall work to encourage both innovation in broadband (with ITU-T, ITU-R) and broadband enabled innovation (ITU-D) via assistance in government policy formation for funding, intellectual property rights, education and training, open public consultations and supporting net neutrality plus ensuring technology and service neutrality in licenses and policies.
ITU-APT supports ITU initiatives in the area of innovation via knowledge sharing, crowd sourcing of ideas, workshops and innovation camps beside its inputs for ITU-T and ITU-R work groups. Last year, it helped to organize the meeting of Focus Group Innovation “Bridging the gap: from innovation to standards” in India to enhance participation from the region. A workshop on "ICT Innovations in Emerging Economies" was also held simultaneously in March 2013 at New Delhi by IIMA and Idea TCOE.
Notably, ITU conferred 2011 ITU World Telecommunication and Information Society Award to Mr. Sam Pitroda, Chairman, National Innovation Council (NInC) in recognition of his dedication to promoting ICTs as a means of providing a better life for humanity and social and economic empowerment.
Souvenir designed and edited by Saleem Ahmed
About Saleem Ahmed - He is a Management graduate with over 18 years of work experience and
specialising in government relation, Business development, Sales and Marketing and Project man-
agement. He has worked with organizations like Punwire, IBM Global Services, Orange Business
services, GTL Limited and Ericsson. He has also serviced as the OSD (Officer on Special Duty) to
the Hon’ble chief minister of Arunachal Pradesh to advise and assist the Hon’ble in official matters
and advisor IT. He looks after the business development activities of the IAFI Consulting , A consult-
ing Group of the ITU-APT Foundation of India. He is an active member of various industry and social
bodies and has interests in working towards developing an Internet safe society and is also an active
agriculturist.
