comparison of timber-house technologies in slovenia and … ppt.pdf · march,10 2016 comparison of...

March,10 2016

Comparison of Timber-House Technologies in Slovenia and in Sweden

Ass.Prof. Manja Kitek Kuzman University of Ljubljana, Department of Wood Science and Technology

SWST International Conference , Curitiba | Forest Resource and Products: Moving Toward a Sustainable Future

Prof. Dick Sandberg

Luleå University of Technology

Different approaches, but similar use of building techniques with wood which is today

described as the “exponent and guarantee (material) of building that looks to the future”.

Wood Architecture in Slovenia and Sweeden

In the building traditions of other countries it may be fine stones and hand-made tiles - in Slovenia and Sweeden, that status is given to wood. The knowledge about this

age-old building material is actively preserved and applied with a contemporary twist.

Consumption of sawn wood and wood based panels

in selected countries per capita 2006-2008

(Forest Products Statistics 2004–2008, 2009)

Slovenia and Swedenmany similarities in terms of the importance of forests for their society

Introduction - Slovenian and Swedish wood

Slovenia Sweden Surface area of productive/total forested land (million hectare)

1.2 total forested land

22.4/28.2

Forested area of country (%) 58.4 57.0

Number of naturally occurring tree species

71

Total standing volume on productive forest land (million m

3 standing volume*)

340 3.016

Annual forest increment in all land use classes (million m

3

standing volume*)

8.4 123

Annual cut (million m

3 standing volume*)

5.75 91.5

Hardwoods (%) 53 21 Softwoods (%) 47 79

The most important wood species

Beech 32%, spruce 32% oak 7%, fir 7%

Scots pine 39%, Norway spruce 42%, birch 12%

*stem volume over bark from stump to tip

Slovenia’s and Sweden's forests in numbers year 2014

Slovenia Pokljuka Sweden Västerbotten in north Sweden

3

Tradition - a proof of the craftsmanship of woodmastersDiferent traditiona typs of wooden houses

Vernicular architecture

Paying attention to the

tradition of construction in

the planning of the new,

improved and modern is

the only path towards

preserving a nation’s

culture and the features

of the cultural landscape.

⌂ Farmstead

in Gorenjska, SI

Stave church

Grandhult church,

Småland, S⌂

Traditional l swedish

house | falun red, S

⌂

⌂ Wooden shipard house, Velika planina, SI

4

Tradition - a proof of the craftsmanship of woodmastersDiferent traditiona typs of wooden houses

Vernicular architecture

Slopping walled barn

in Svensbyn-

room for hay.⌂ The oldest wooden house

in Sweden, about 1230.

⌂ Wooden hayreck, Studor, SI

slovenian landscape

Architecture

belongs to culture,

not to civilization.

Alvar Aalto

5

Frame-Panel constructionBuilding Techniques in Sweden and Slovenia

Dominant methods of timber construction

Mölle by the sea, Mölle, Sweden, 2013

1 2 3

4 5

6 realisation

Nominated for Swedish Timber Prize “Träpriset, 2016

insulation material

inserted between the

studs

vertical stud

faced inside with

gypsum- or wood-

based panel

materials

timber gird

staples

sheating board

SINGEL PANEL CONSTRUCTION

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Solid Timber Construction (SCT)Building Techniques in Sweden and Slovenia

Innovation based on tradition

Source: Prof. G. Schickhofer | Institute of Timber Engineering and Wood Technology| Graz University of Technology: CLT Forum 2013 in Tokyo

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Global production of CLT

1995-2015:

35 production sites worldwide,

95% of production volume in

Central Europe :

Austria 65%, Germany 26%,

Switzerland 6%

1 Mio. m3 of productiom

potential worldwide can be

expected at latest of 2015

CLT for supporting frameworkBuilding Techniques in Sweden and Slovenia

⌂ Wall unit on its way at Hyttkammaren in Falun ⌂ Assembly of floor structures at Limnologen in Växjö

Solid laminated wood panels are: ‘... the concrete of the 21st century.’ Michael Green Architect (2012)

⌂⌂ The wooden form of Waugh

Thistleton's Murray Grove, London

Gerhard Schickhofer, Institute of Timber Engineering

and Wood Technology, TU Graz

8

Vila Eder- HederusBuilding Techniques in Sweden and Slovenia

Nominated for Swedish Timber price 2016

Nominated for:

12th Swedish Timber Prize, in Sweden entitled

“Träpriset” 2016

Lage | Kummelnas, Nacka

Ansvariga Arkitekter

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eder

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A system of columns and beams,

where glulam is used to a large

extent for the load-bearing

structure.

Wood – Frame ConstructionBuilding Techniques in Sweden and Slovenia

Vila Emils Backe, Smedstrop, Trosa, Sweden, 2014

Läge: Smedstorp, Trosa

Typ av byggnad: Villa

Byggherre: Ekologiska byggvaruhuset

genom Erik Hedenstedt

Ansvarig arkitekt: Arkitektstudio Widjedal

Racki

Medverkande arkitekter: Håkan Widjedal,

Natasha Racki

Byggnadsentreprenör: Hedenstedt

Konstruktör: Limträteknik i Falun

Byggår: 2014

http://www.emilsbacke.se/ 11

The dominant frame system for single-family timber houses

Building Techniques in Sweden and Slovenia

Sweden

⌂ Several modern timber-house

companies manufacture building elements,

such as roof trusses, joist floors and wall

units, themselves.

⌂ The method of producing

a house or parts of a house in

an industrial production

environment is termed

“prefabrication,” and this is

the dominant method of

building single-family timber

houses in Sweden.

Façade covering:

can be brick, plaster or solid

timber.

timber grid

insulation

vertical studs

gypsum, wood-

based panel mat.

15

The dominant frame system for single-family houses


Sweden

Fickuret, Örby

Byggår: 2012

Beställare: Arcona AB

Fakta: 17 radhus, 2 hustyper på 120 m2

respektive 135 m2.

Leverans: Planelement, stomleverans inkl

montage ovan färdig grund.

Övrigt: Öppen planlösning krävde

avancerad projektering, produktionsteknik

och montage. Färdigt resultat är ett

modernt boende med uttryck.

Sandgrind, Kungsängen

Byggår: 2008

Beställare: Skanska

Fakta: 6 hus.

Leverans: Modul.

Övrigt: Ett projekt med

ekologiska förtecken i ett

enastående vackert landskap

med utsikt över Mälaren.

Single-family timber housing

businesses employ one of two

strategies for the final stage:

1. manufacturing plane

elements in the plant and

transporting them to the site

for final assembly or

2. assembling the plane

elements in the factory and

then shipping them as

complete volumes to the final

building site. 16

Modern timber-house companiesBuilding Techniques in Sweden and Slovenia

⌂ A few manufacturers use CLT systems.

During the manufacture of the unit, the shapes are

trimmed, openings are left for windows, doors, etc.,

and the thickness is levelled if necessary.

Prefabricated CLT panels are delivered directly to the

construction site. The producers of houses with CLT

systems do not have their origins in the tradition and

company culture associated with single-family timber

houses.

⌂ On site assamble: Martinsons’ dwelling house with a frame of CLT can be delivered

including complete electricity and HVAC installations.

The most appealing

reason for using the

CLT system is that

the wall units and

joist floors have a high

load-bearing capacity and

stiffness.

Sweden

17

⌂ A wood framed construction

Construction on siteThe oldest method of construction


The method requires a great deal of

organization and planning on the building site.

Risks associated with damage to materials

and prefabricated structural components,

due to moisture must be overcome .

Linnaeus University is ˝Hus N˝

Location | Växjö

Type of building | building for education

Year of construction | 2011

Architect | Mats White

Main contractor | Videum AB

Construction company | Södra

Construction description |

visible glue-laminate framework

Area | 6.320 m2

Fasad | modified wood fasade

Client | Linnaeus University

! European Green Building

⌂ CLT panels delivered to the construction site

18

Construction on siteThe oldest method of construction


⌂

With the on-site

building technique,

wall components are

generally assembled

resting on joists or the

ground and then

erected manually.

19

Off site prefabricationThe trend toward a higher degree of prefabrication

⌂ Far more common today is the

prefabrication of various components: off-site

building, which is regarded and accepted as a

high-qualitative and less expensive production

method.

Examples of off-site prefabrication:

a building with prefabricated panels or

modules is faster, less weather

dependent and provides better control

over costs.

www.trabyggnadskansliet.se

www.marles.com/hise/en


Prefabricated window is assembled on-site

Prefabricated modules for single family house are

assembled on-site.

20

Modular systemPrefabricated components of wood

Vir:“Holzbox” Foto: W. Luttenberger

Camp Wildalpen, Camp Passail

Working with modular systems is

a huge help, since it is difficult to

design traditionally and then

translate the design to an

industrial context.

princip

Modul system

22

Spatial cells Residential appartments SkagersvägenStockholm

Type of building | residential, 33 appartments

Location | Skagersvägen 22-26, Årsta, Stockholm

Building year | december 2013

Architect | OWC Björn Ahrenby, Joan Anguita, Anna Montagut

Construction company | Moelven (Moelven’s modular system)

www.martinsons.se

Construction description | 112 box units built around a

spruce frame - prefabricated modules

Energy performance | energy class: low-energy

Area | 4817 m2

Number of floors | 3 floors

Fasad | untreated ceder wood panel

Owner of the building | Åke Sundvall Projekt AB

Price | The Nominated for the 2016 Swedish Timber Price

Modul system - Sweeden

Long facade in innovative modules

To achieve the unbroken vertical lines that run up the facade, the architect designed the cladding piece by piece.

23

Ekorrn DistrictSkellefteå

Modul system - Sweeden

Residential building

Location | Södra Lasarettsvägen 10, Skellefteå

Construction type | residential block, 54 apartments

Building year | 2009

Architect | Magnus Silfverhielm, architect at AIX Arkitekter

Construction company | Plusshus, www.setragroup.com

Construction | Setra’s Trälyftet building system with

Glulam (modular system)

Energy performance: energy class | low-energy, operational

energy use: 25 kWh/(m2a)

Number of floors | 5 storey

Modified wood used in building | no

Fasad | untreated ceder wood panel

Owner of the building | Brf Ekorren

The advantages of

industrial construction

in wood:

less time on the building

site,

less transport,

less disruption for

neighbours,

good cost control and

no drying time compared

with that for in situ

concrete.

24

Additional stories or extensions to roofTimber - great potential for modernizing older buildings

Sweeden – modul system

Timber offers great potential for changing and modernizing existing, older buildings which are often constructed

from concrete, mainly through additional stories or extensions to roofs.

Effective additional floors of CLT

Martinsons’ construction system in

glulam and CLT offers unique

possibilities for additional floors to

existing buildings. Thanks to the

construction parts’ strength compared

to their low weight, additional floors

can be made without expensive and

time-consuming frame reinforcements

which are often required with the use

of other materials.

Additional floors on existing buildings

I believe that the

material doesn’t need to

be strong to be used to

build a strong structure.

The strength of the

structure has nothing to

do with strength of the

material.

– Shigeru Ban

25

UMEÅ

Additional stories or extensions to roofTimber - great potential for modernizing older buildings

Sweeden – modul system

Timber offers great potential for changing

and modernizing existing, older buildings

which are often constructed from concrete,

mainly through additional stories or extensions

to roofs. The simplest method is to fit the old

building with a new roof designed so that a

number of apartments can be built into the

attic space.

26

Fabricated large-scale façade wooden modulsThermal modernisation Residential area Dieselweg 4 _Graz, Austria

Renovation

Key technologies

• Solar façade

• Pre-fabrication of facade modules

• Energy concept based on renewable

energy sources

• New heating- and DHW supply system

installed between the façade and existing

wall

• Decentralized ventilation systems with

heat recovery

• Control and remote maintenance via

internet

28

Fabricated large-scale façade wooden modulsThermal modernisation

Winter Summer

Renovation

29

Fabricated large-scale façade wooden modulsThermal modernisation – concept of prefabrication

Sequence of assembly of the

façade modules [Kulmer Bau].

First module is the lowest one;

it is mounted on steel-bearing

angles, which are fixed on the

plinth. All other modules rest

on the previous one.

Therefore all joints are

horizontally designed.

Assembly of the lowest

module

Sequence of prefabrication

procedure in the fabrication

hall [Gap-Solution GmbH]

Module dimension:

12 x 3 m

Dimension of modules

is fixed by the line of

the intermediate floor

and the window lintel.

Renovation

30

Multy-storey Buildings

Present stage of multy-storey buildings

→ 2020 ?? 30 - storey building proposed for Canada

→ 2025 ?? 34 - storey building proposed for Stockholm, Sweden

Extensive research has shown that material-neutral building regulations are preferable and, for over a decade, function-based regulations have been common in many countries.

Wooden Sky Scrapers

34

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→ 1995-2005 3 - 5 storey buildings in several european countries,

i.e. 4 - 5 storey buildings in Sweden (Växjö, Uppfinnar)

→ 2008 8 - storey condominiums in Växjö, Sweden

→ 2009 9 - storey condominiums in London, UK

→ 2011 7 - storey multy-family house in Berlin, Germany

→ 2012 8 - storey condominium in Bad Aibing, Germany

→ 2013 9 - storey apartment building, Milano, Italy

→ 2013 10 - storey building in Melbourne, Australia

31

Växjö - Limnologen in Växjö consists of four 8-storey high residential buildings



Location | Växjö

Construction type | residential blocks, 134 apartments


Architect | Arkitektbolaget Kronoberg

Total area | 10.700 m2

Total building time| Approx 17 months per stage

One storey erection time | 10 days

Construction | Midroc Property Development

with Midroc Projects AB as main contractorr

Structural engineers | Martinons Byggsystem

Energy performance: energy class | low-energy

Number of floors | 4 8-storey buildings

Type of ownership| Tenant-ownership

Multy-storey Buildings: Limnologen

Acoustics and vibrations

Connection between interior

wall and floor (Martinsons)

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Location | Skellefteå

Construction type | residential, 3 houses

Year of construction | 2008, 2009, 2010

Architect | White arkitekte

Construction company | Martinsons

www.martinsons.se

Construction description | solid timber construction CLT

Energy performance | energy class: low-energy

Number of floors | 6

Modified wood used in building | no

Fasad | timber panel facades

Owner | Brf Älvsbacka Strand

Multi-residence building, Älvsbacka StrandSkellefteå - 6-storey high residential buildings


Factors of increase:

-a lower cost of wood-building

-advantages of using wood

in industrial building,

-growing environmental

awareness,

-a renewable material,

-reduces CO2 emissions,

-timber is harvested in forests

where sustainable forestry,

with replanting and

management plans,

is practiced. 33

Portvakten residential buildingVäxjö - two 8-storey houses with wooden framework and passive house technology


⌂ Weather protection. All assembly work takes place under protection against weather.


Location | Växjö

Type of building| residential building,

64 apartments

Year of construction | 2009

Architect | BSV Arkitekter

Construction company | Martinsons,

www.martinsons.se

Construction description | glue laminate system,

solid wood frame

Project | project »Energy efficient Växjö«

Area | 64 apartments in 2 buildings

Energy performance: energy class:

passive house,

operational energy use: 15 kWh/(m2a)


www.martinsons.se

⌂ Passive house installations.

Draft of installation system.34

Multy-storey car park

Location | Nygatan 24-28, Skellefteå

Construction type | infrastructure, car park


Architect | Magnus Silfverhielm, architect at AIX Arkitekter

Construction company | Martinsons, www.martinsons.se

Construction description | Martinsons’ concept is based on a column

and beam frame in glulam combined with a bearing cassette joist

made of CLT

Area | 700 m2


Fasad | ribbed facade panels

Owner of the building | Fastighets AB Polaris


Car park, Ekorren DistrictSkellefteå – Sweden's first timber framed multi-storey car park

⌂ The car park has six floors, of which two are underground.

⌂ The glulam and CLT building sections

have created aesthetic opportunities, where

the visible wood elements contribute to a

natural wood feeling.

35

Building properties Sprinkler Sweden1) Slovenia2)

Load-bearing structure YES 5 5Load-bearing structure NO 5 3Wooden façade claddings YES 5 max. 63)

Wooden façade claddings NO ≥ 1 max. 33)

Wall and ceiling linings in flats NO ≥ 1 --4)

(surface linings of ordinary wood)Wall and ceiling linings of NO ≥ 1 --4)

untreated wood in escape routes Wall and ceiling linings of fire- NO ≥ 5 --4)

retardant treated wood in flatsWall and ceiling linings of fire- NO ≥ 5 --4)

retardant treated wood in escape routes


Multy-storey BuildingsThe next generation of wood-based construction

The allowable numbers of storeys in Slovenia and Sweden dependingon whether or not a sprinkler system is installed

1) Mahapatra and Gustavsson (2009); 2) RS, Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning (2010); 3) See Table 8 and 4) see Table 5 in reference 2) RS, Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (2010)

The ideal project does not exist, each time there

is the opportunity to realize an approximation.

Paulo Mendes da Rocha

36

Surprise is key in all art.

Oscar Niemeyer

38

Architecture begins

where engineering

ends.

Walter Gropius

The next generation of wood-based construction

Attitudes towards wood construction

→ different perception,

→ Sweden: wide range of programs to promote multi-storey wooden buildings; Swedish National Wood Construction Strategy and its Continuing Training Programm, Swedish Timber Prize,....

→ Slovenia: Green Public Procurement (GPP): The regulation of GPP aims to reduce the negative environmental impact.

Architecture is invention.

Oscar Niemeyer

Promotion use of wood

39

.

Promotion of Energy-efficient buildings

19th Century 20th Century 21th Century

Low-energy building, Nearly Zero energy building, Passive house, Active house,...

Passive house Passive Houses require less than 15 kWh/(m²yr) for heating or cooling

(relating to the living space). The heating/cooling load is limited to a maximum of 10 W/m2.

Primary energy use may not exceed 120 kWh/(m²a). Passive Houses must be airtight with air change rates being limited to n50 = 0.6/h. In warmer climates and/or during summer months, excessive temperatures may not

occur more than 10 % of the time.


RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

AIMS

reduction of

energy demand

and GHG emissions

OPERATION / USE

climate

locattion

ACTIVE SYSTEMS

BUILDING COMPONENTS

PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES

GIVEN CONDITIONS

Basic principles of eenergy-efficient design

40

→ High prefabrication,

→ Partnership and increased responsibilities for planning and construction,

→ Improved and systematic feedback of experiences,

→ Demonstration projects are vital,

→ Team coopertion

We see opportunities for further development and future trends in:

Conclusion

As an architect,

you design for the present,

with an awareness of the past,

for a future which is essentially

unknown.

Norman Foster


Skellefteå, 17.2.2015

Linear time is an invention of the West, time is

not linear - it is marvellous tangle in which, at

any moment, ends can be chosen and solutions

invented, without beginning or end.

Lina Bo Bardi, in Marcelo Carvalho (ed) – Lina Bo Bardi

Bardi Institute, São Paulo, 1993

Substances. The Architecture of Lina Bo Bardi

Ass. Prof. Dr. Manja K.Kuzman, architect

Department of Wood Science and Technology

University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

[email protected]

SWST 2016

„Brazil was, is, and will be in fashion.”Gilberto Gil

Welcome in Slovenia

Thank you!

comparison of timber-house technologies in slovenia and … ppt.pdf · march,10 2016 comparison of...

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