comparison of the political structure[1]

8/7/2019 Comparison of the Political Structure[1]

1/49

PRESENTED BY:

Group 2, FMG 19C

Anshuman NarangAnushree Vij

Arun V Sreenivasan

Ashish Arora

Bharat Gupta

Chitwan Garg


2/49

Agenda

Political Comparison

Economic Comparison

Social & Cultural Comparison Technological Comparison

Comparison of Service & Manufacturing

Sectors Conclusion


3/49

Comparison of the PoliticalComparison of the Political

StructureStructure

Govt. Type and Capital

China : Communist state , BeijingIndia : Federal republic , New

Delhi


4/49

Political StructurePolitical Structure

Brief History:

China: by and large a stable, centrally run

state through its history with limited periodsof instability and lack of a single authority.

India: exactly the reverse, ranging from

periods when kings ruled to British rule to

fights among political parties.


5/49

Political Structure ChinaPolitical Structure China

China:

Since Mao Ze-dongs victory China has been a

communist state ruled by CCP.

Other parties exist, authorized by CCP, operate

under its leadership, effectively powerless.

Political Structure of PRC comprised of:

CCP headed by Party Politburo and its StandingCommittee;

State Govt.


6/49

Political Structure ChinaPolitical Structure China

Chinas View of Democracy and Political Reform someexamples: Govt. began experimenting with limited village elections in the

1980s and allowed local elections.

Democratic reforms in factory management, in 1950s allowedgovt. allowed factories to elect top management to fosterworkers support for new govt., identify better managers andimprove quality of factory operations.

Regular rotation of provincial and military leaders.

Equal representation and voting status for each province on

the CCP Central Committee. Limitation of political reforms

Not led to the establishment of opposition parties.

Not led to political processes open for political debate.

Not regularized successor selection.


7/49

Political Structure IndiaPolitical Structure India

Only country never ruled by any single authority,not even British or even the present govt.

Most populous democracy in the world.

Since independence identified 6 major nationalparties and 40 regional parties.

From 1950-90 barring 2 brief periods INCenjoyed parliamentary majority.

Major domination by INC and BJP, but regionalparty influence led to multi-party coalitionformation.


8/49

Political parties andPolitical parties and leadersleaders

China:

Chinese Communist Party or CCP [HU

Jintao]; eight registered small partiescontrolled by CCP

India

17 major parties including AIDMK, AITC,BSP, BJP, CPI, CPI-M, INC, JDU, Left Front,

SP and dozens of national and regional

parties.


9/49

Political pressurePolitical pressure groupsgroups

China:

No substantial political opposition exists.

India: Bajrang Dal.

Vishwa Hindu Parishad.

Rashtriya Swayamsewak Sangh.

Numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic

organizations; various separatist groups seeking

greater communal and/or regional autonomy


10/49

Economic Comparison


11/49

Basic economic indicators of India & China

GDP(purchasing power parity)

Year India (in Billion $) China (in Billion $)

2005 3666 8883

2006 4156 10170

2007 2966 7099

2008 3478 8204

2009 3736 8950

2010 4046 9872

Year GDP real growth rate-

India(%)

GDP real growth rate-

China(%)2005 8.4 10.2

2006 9.2 10.7

2007 9 11.9

2008 7.4 9

2009 7.4 9.1

2010 8.3 10.3

GDP real growth rate

Source: CIA world fact book


2005 3666 8883

2006 4156 10170

2007 2966 7099

2008 3478 8204

2009 3736 8950

2010 4046 9872


12/49


13/49


Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold


2005 126 609.9

2006 136 825.6

2007 165 1034

2008 239.4 1493

2009 274.7 2426

2010 284.1 2622

Labor Force

Year India (in million) China (in million)

2005 482.2 760.82006 496.4 791.4

2007 509.3 798

2008 516.4 800.7

2009 523.5 807.3

2010 467 813.5

Unemployment Rate

Year India (in %) China (in %)

2005 9.2 9.8

2006 8.9 9

2007 7.8 4.2

2008 7.2 4

2009 6.8 4

2010 10.7 4.3


14/49


Per capita GDP

Year India (in billion US $) China (in billion US $)

2005 809.723 2256.92

2006 908.036 2712.92

2007 1151.65 3494.24

2008 1260.62 4519.95

2009 1236.94 4984.73

2010 1430.02 5745.13

Industrial Production Growth Rate

Year India (in %) China (in %)2005 7.4 17.1

2006 7.9 29.5

2007 7.5 22.9

2008 8.5 13.4

2009 4.8 9.3

2010 9.3 9.9

Investment (gross fixed)Year India (in % of GDP) China (in % of GDP)

2005 23.8 46

2006 28.1 44.4

2007 29.2 44.3

2008 33.9 42.7

2009 39 40.5

2010 32.4 46.3


15/49


Oil-production (bbl/day)

Year India (in bbl/day) China (in bbl/day)

2005 780,000 3392000

2006 785,000 35040002007 785,000 3631000

2008 880,500 3725000

2009 880,500 3725000

2010 878,700 3991000

Oil- consumption


2005 2130000 4956000

2006 2320000 6391000

2007 2450000 6534000

2008 2722000 7578000

2009 2722000 7880000

2010 2980000 8200000

Oil-importsYear India (in bbl/day) China (in bbl/day)

2006 2090000 3226000

2007 2090000 3181000

2008 2159000 3190000

2009 2159000 4210000

2010 2900000 4393000


16/49


Oil-exports


2006 350000 340300

2007 350000 443300

2008 450700 79060

2009 450700 399000

2010 738600 388000

Exchange rates

Year India (Indian rupees

per US dollar)

China (Renmibi Yuan

per US dollar)

2005 44.101 8.1943

2006 45.3 7.97

2007 41.487 7.61

2008 43.319 6.9385

2009 46.78 6.8249


17/49

The economy of China is more developed than that ofIndia.

Compared to the estimated $4046 billion GDP ofIndia, China has an average GDP of around $9872billion.

India was under the colonial rule of the British for

around 190 years. This drained the country'sresources to a great extent and led to huge economicloss.

On the other hand, there was no such instance ofcolonization in China. Hence, from the very beginning,

China enjoyed a planned economic model whichmade it stronger.



18/49

Social and Cultural Factors


19/49

POPULATION India:

0-14 years: 29.7% (male 187,450,635/female 165,415,758) 15-64 years: 64.9% (male 398,757,331/female 372,719,379)

65 years and over: 5.5% (male 30,831,190/female 33,998,613) (2011 EST.)

Median age :

total: 25.9 years

male: 25.4 years

Female: 26.6 years (2010 EST.)

China:

0-14 years: 19.8% (male 140,877,745/female 124,290,090)

15-64 years: 72.1% (male 495,724,889/female 469,182,087)

65 years and over: 8.1% (male 51,774,115/female 56,764,042) (2010 EST.)

Median age :

total: 35.2 years

male: 34.5 years

Female: 35.8 years (2010 EST.)


20/49

POPULATION

China is currently placed 1st in terms ofpopulation followed by India

One child policy has led to an control in

population India has an advantage in terms of the mean age

of the population

The number of youths can be taken as anadvantage if their potential is utilized

We need to learn from the Chinese how toconvert this population into a resource


21/49

URBANIZATION

India has an urban population of around 30%

of its population with a rate of urbanization

of around 2.4% annually as compared to that

of China which has an urban population of

around 47% of its population and a rate of

urbanization of around 2.3%.

China has a vast majority of area that is notdeveloped, its only the mainland that has

been developed


22/49

Urbanization

The rate of urbanization is slightly better inIndia

Disadvantages :

Inc in slums

Unemployment

Crime

Pollution

Water problems


23/49

Advantages

Convenience

Education

Improvement in economy Healthcare


24/49

LITERACY

INDIA :

Of the total population 61 % are literate

73.4% of males are literate

47.8% of females are literate ( acc to 2001census)

CHINA:

91.6 % of the total population is literate 95.7% males are literate

87.6% females are literate


25/49

Literacy

We can see how we fare in terms of literacy when wecompare yourself with our neighbours. Any chance ofcoming head to head with them would require thisparticular statistic to go up exponentially. Even till

date majority our population residing in our villagesare mostly illiterate, even though government hasdeclared it a right of every child to be educated butstill many of them are misfortunate.

China has been very successful in this aspect, they

have a very literate society in their hands whichmakes for a great human resource. This is preciselyhow they were able to convert their huge populationinto an asset. Unfortunately for India it is going tostay as a liability till the time they are not educated.


26/49

Ethnic Groups and Religion:

India has a very wide diversity in terms of ethnicgroups and religious practices. This even thoughprovides a lot of cultural diversity but many a

times it leads to disharmony and tensionbetween these groups.

It is up to us to decide how we want to proceed.This can be used as a potent weapon by our

enemies and we need to be careful not to playinto their hands. We have show the solidarityand keep the national interest above theindividual and group interest.


27/49

Ethnic Groups and Religion

China even though much bigger than our

country does not have that much diversity

most of them follow Taoism and are Han

Chinese. This lack of diversity has not been a

hindrance for them rather it keeps them

more united than us.


28/49

TECHNOLOGICAL COMPARISON


29/49

India and China Competitiveness

High costing

Less Specialized fabrics,

orders China/ Hong Kong/Bangladesh

Better Transportation

Specialized in High end

apparels and handicrafts Higher English Speaking

Population

Both Small and Large Scale

Sales.

Low costing

Specializes in all kinds of

fabrics

All business operations

from Hong Kong only.

Casual and Simple

Garments Concentrated to Hong

Kong

Majorly into Large Scale

Production, Promotions`

INDIA CHINA


30/49

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF

TECHNOLOGY BY INDIA

Growth and development in agriculture due

to new technology.

Application of technology in the field onhealth and medicine.

Development in electronics , defence & space

due to technology advancement.

India has the third largest scientific and

technical man power in world.


31/49

INTERNETAND MOBILES

Internet usage inIndia has not penetratedas

much as it has in China.This despite various

measures byIndian Government from low cost

PCs to increasing competitionamongTelcos.

Chinas mobile market has grown strongly over

the past 10 years, whilstIndias marketgrowth

has beenrelatively slow. However, overthe pastyear, Indias mobile marketgrowth has picked up

strongly.


32/49


33/49

Parameters INDIA CHINA

Median Age 26 yrs 35 yrs

Wireless Users (June2010E) 617.5 mil 800 mil

Wireless Internet Users 50 mil 277 mil

PC Internet Users 31 mil 143 mil

Total Internet Users 81 mil 420 mil

Literacy level 66% 93%

Major local Languages ~27 ~4

Broadband >256 kbps >1 Mbps

Broadband Internet price >$5/month >$10/month


34/49

DEFENCE COMPARISON


35/49

India has over 13.25 lakh active military personnel

compared with China's 22.55 lakh troops.

China's Air Force has 9,000 aircrafts with 2000

fighter planes. The Indian Air Force has 3,000

airplanes with 790 fighter planes. In strategic nuclear defence and delivery systems,

China's army is miles ahead of India's nuclear

forces with 200-400 active nuclear warheads. In

comparison, India's strategic nuclear force isestimated to have stockpiled about 50-70 nuclear

warheads.


36/49

Indian Navy

It is the world's eighth largest navy with a fleet of 145 vessels

Consisting of missile-capable warships, advanced submarines,the latest naval aircrafts, and an aircraft carrier in its inventory.

It is experienced both in combat and rescue operations during

wartime and peace, as seen from its wars with Pakistan in 1971,

and the Tsunami that struck in December 2004.

China's Navy

With its fleet of 284 vessels is quantitatively larger but lacking in

actual war experience, which could undermine its strategiccapability.

China currently has no aircraft carriers in its naval fleet but is

slated to build and induct an aircraft carrier by 2010.


37/49

STRENGTHS OF TECHNOLOGY

1.Improved agronomic traits of crops.

2.India has third largest technical manpower in

world.

3.Use of nuclear energy for power generation

in agriculture ,medicine, industry research

etc.


38/49

LIMITATIONS FACED BY THE 2

COUNTRIES

1.Global warming and pollution.

2.Reduction in agriculture land.

3.Pollution due electromagnetic effects etc.

4.Focus on Business Process Outsourcing


39/49

CONCLUSION

China has an edge over India in many

aspects. It is a strong competitor of U.S.A .

India is a developing nation in comparisonwith China having a large population and

developing rapidly. Very soon it will prove to

be a strong competition if it continues with

the same rate as of now.


40/49

GDP COMPOSITION (2010)

CHINA:

Agriculture: 9.6%

Industry: 46.8%

Services: 43.6%

INDIA:

Agriculture: 16.1%

Industry: 28.6%

Services: 55.3%

Source: CIA world Factbook


41/49

MANUFACTURING SECTOR

COMPARISON

China has emphasized majorly on the

manufacturing sector (largest contribution

among all three sectors), whereas in India, it

plays the smallest role out of all the 3

sectors.


42/49

Reasons for blooming manufacturing

sector in China

Productivity of Chinese workers can be 10 to300% higher than those of Indian workers,depending on the product.

Chinese shipments reach the US less than amonth after they leave the factory gatecompared to six to 12 weeks for Indian exports.Delays in India are due to bureaucracy in

customs, loading and unloading in ports andlong transit times.

China has attracted 216bn in foreigninvestment (1980-2000) compared with 120bn

in India.


43/49

Reasons contd.

China's manufacturing sector in the 1990s expandedat a rate of 12% per year, double the increase in India.

Whilst it is true that many Chinese state-owned

companies receive loans from state banks at very lowinterest rates with long repayment periods, about70% of China's industrial output comes from theprivate sector, including multinational companies thathave prudent cost accounting.

Source:http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1957281,00.html


44/49

Product specific examples

China produces more than 25% of the world's

televisions and easily surpasses India in both

domestic sales and exports.

China produces eight times more ceiling fans

than India and half the price advantage is

because of India's high indirect taxes that

affect domestic and export sales.


45/49

Reasons we feel:

Indianotbeingat par with China Liberalization took place 10 years later than

China

Multiple Party System

Lack of internal unity due to Multiple EthnicGroups and Religions

Chalta hai attitude in Indian Mindset

Indian Workforce not literate

Restriction in import of technology from Japanand West initially (Socialist View of Govt.)

Colonization for more than hundred years

Lack of Implementation of Plans


46/49

Benefits India Has

Median Age of India is 10 years younger

than China (can be a decisive factor in

growth)

IT/BPO Sector more prosperous in India

Tax Incentives more in India

Indian Capital Market more transparentand predictable than Chinese Capital

Market

Banking System in India is better


47/49


48/49

Our Suggestions forIndiato come

at par with China

Manufacturing needs improvement

New Labour Reforms required

Delay in activities due to bureaucracy needsto be handled

Protective Treatment to public sector units

should be removed.

Consumption of Resources should be reduced

Use of Clean Energy should be promoted


49/49

THANK YOU

comparison of the political structure[1]

Documents