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AIDA-SLIDE-2015-033
AIDAAdvanced European Infrastructures for Detectors at Accelerators
Presentation
Comparison of test beam data fromimaging calorimeters with GEANT4
simulations
Sicking, E (CERN)
03 July 2014
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commissionunder the FP7 Research Infrastructures project AIDA, grant agreement no. 262025.
This work is part of AIDA Work Package 9: Advanced infrastructures for detector R&D.
The electronic version of this AIDA Publication is available via the AIDA web site<http://cern.ch/aida> or on the CERN Document Server at the following URL:
<http://cds.cern.ch/search?p=AIDA-SLIDE-2015-033>
AIDA-SLIDE-2015-033
Comparison of test beam data fromimaging calorimeters with GEANT4 simulations
Eva Sicking (CERN)on behalf of the CALICE collaboration
July 3, 2014ICHEP 2014, Valencia, Spain
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 1 / 22
Introduction
Prototypes for highly granular calorimeters
Readout Silicon Scint. strips+ Scint. tiles+ RPCs RPCsPIN diodes Silicon Photo Silicon Photo (µMegas) (GEMs)
Multipliers Multipliers
Granularity 10×10×0.5 45×5×3 30×30×5 10×10×1.2 10×10×1.15(mm3)
Absorber W W Fe or W Fe Fe or W
Layer × 10×1.4+ 30×3.5 Fe: 38×21.4 48×20 Fe: 38×20thickness 10×2.8+ W: 38×10 W: 39×10(mm) 10×4.2
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 2 / 22
Introduction
CALICE test beam experiments
Test beam experiments in 2006-2012 at DESY, CERN, FNAL
Prototypes of up to ∼ 1m3, ∼ 2m3 including Tail Catcher
W-DHCALTCMT CERN
←−beam
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 3 / 22
Introduction
Geant4 Physics Lists
Hadronic interactions in Geant4 based on phenomenological modelsString parton models: QGS(P), FTF(P)Parametrised models: LEP, HEPCascade models: BERT, BICPrecompound model
Models are combined in “physics lists”
Model extension HPData driven High Precision neutron packageAssumed to be important for neutron rich absorbers
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 4 / 22
Validation of Detector Simulation using Electron Data
Validation of Detector Simulation
using Electron Data
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 5 / 22
Validation of Detector Simulation using Electron Data Silicon Tungsten ECAL
Si-W-ECAL: Electron linearity and resolution
Electromagnetic processes well understoodCross check detector calibrationUnderstand requirements for details needed in simulation
(MIPs)recE
Even
ts
Entries 36892
/ ndf 2χ 23.45 / 19
Constant 15.1± 2026
Mean 2.6± 7924
Sigma 2.5± 259
7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 95000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
Entries 36892
/ ndf 2χ 23.45 / 19
Constant 15.1± 2026
Mean 2.6± 7924
Sigma 2.5± 259
Gauss Fit
CALICE 2006 data
Monte Carlo
(GeV)beamE5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
(M
IPs)
mea
nE
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000 / ndf 2χ 17.64 / 32
Prob 0.9812
p0 11.13± −96.25 p1 0.4802± 266.5
/ ndf 2χ 17.64 / 32
Prob 0.9812
α 11.13± 96.25 β 0.4802± 266.5
CALICE 2006 data
(GeV) beam E1/0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
( %
)m
eas
) / E
mea
s(Eσ
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 / ndf 2χ 1.835 / 6
p0
p1 ±
/ ndf
CALICE 2006 data
2
Monte Carlo
χ 30.69 / 32
s 0.14± 16.53
c 0.07± 1.07
Electrons at 6-45 GeV NIM A608 2009 372
Reconstructed energy of data and simulation agree within 1 %
Linearity: Erec versus Ebeam, agreement with linear dependence within 1 %
Energy resolution:σE
E≈ a√
E⊕b→ 16.6%√
E⊕1.1%,
17.0%√E⊕0.8%
30 GeV e−
Linearity Energy resolution
Geant4 version 9.3
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 6 / 22
Validation of Detector Simulation using Electron Data Silicon Tungsten ECAL
Si-W-ECAL: Electron linearity and resolution
Electromagnetic processes well understoodCross check detector calibrationUnderstand requirements for details needed in simulation
(MIPs)recE
Even
ts
Entries 36892
/ ndf 2χ 23.45 / 19
Constant 15.1± 2026
Mean 2.6± 7924
Sigma 2.5± 259
7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 95000
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
Entries 36892
/ ndf 2χ 23.45 / 19
Constant 15.1± 2026
Mean 2.6± 7924
Sigma 2.5± 259
Gauss Fit
CALICE 2006 data
Monte Carlo
(GeV)beamE5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
(M
IPs)
mea
nE
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000 / ndf 2χ 17.64 / 32
Prob 0.9812
p0 11.13± −96.25 p1 0.4802± 266.5
/ ndf 2χ 17.64 / 32
Prob 0.9812
α 11.13± 96.25 β 0.4802± 266.5
CALICE 2006 data
(GeV) beam E1/0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
( %
)m
eas
) / E
mea
s(Eσ
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 / ndf 2χ 1.835 / 6
p0
p1 ±
/ ndf
CALICE 2006 data
2
Monte Carlo
χ 30.69 / 32
s 0.14± 16.53
c 0.07± 1.07
Electrons at 6-45 GeV NIM A608 2009 372
Reconstructed energy of data and simulation agree within 1 %
Linearity: Erec versus Ebeam, agreement with linear dependence within 1 %
Energy resolution:σE
E≈ a√
E⊕b→ 16.6%√
E⊕1.1%,
17.0%√E⊕0.8%
30 GeV e−
Linearity Energy resolution
Geant4 version 9.3
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 6 / 22
Validation of Detector Simulation using Electron Data Scintillator Steel Analog HCAL
Sc-Fe-AHCAL: Positron linearity and resolution
[GeV]recoE6 8 10 12 14
#e
ntr
ies [
a.u
.]
0
0.05
0.1
0.150.01) GeV±0.01) GeV Sigma: (0.69±data Mean: (9.87
0.01) GeV±0.01) GeV Sigma: (0.65±MC Mean: (9.90
CALICE
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60
[G
eV
]re
co
E0
10
20
30
40
50
60 0.4) MIP/GeV± = (42.0 MCw
0.4) MIP/GeV± = (42.3 dataw
data w/o saturation correction
CALICE
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50
/E [%
]E
σ
0
5
10
15
20
25
AHCAL
MC
MiniCal
CALICE
Positrons at 10-50 GeV 2011 JINST 6 P04003
Reconstructed energy of data and simulation agree within 3 %
Agreement with linearity within 3 % (1 % up to 30 GeV)
Energy resolution21.9%√
E⊕1.0%,
21.5%√E⊕0.7%
Corrections are under control, e. g. saturation
Geant4 version 9.4.p02
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 7 / 22
Validation of Detector Simulation using Electron Data Scintillator Tungsten Analog HCAL
Sc-W-AHCAL: Positron linearity and resolution 1-6 GeV
Energy sum [MIP]0 50 100 150
Ent
ries/
1.0
MIP
0
1000
2000
3000
+2 GeV e 0.07± = 51.84 µ 0.004± = 0.052 τ 0.03± = 11.20 σ
/ndf = 1.52χ
Data
Simulation
CALICE W-AHCAL
[GeV]beam
p0 2 4 6
[MIP
]⟩
vis
E⟨
50
100
150
CALICE W-AHCAL
+eDataSimulation
[GeV]beam
p0 2 4 6S
imul
atio
n/D
ata
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
0
[GeV]beam
p0 2 4 6
/EEσ
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4+e
Data
Simulation
CALICE W-AHCAL
[GeV]beam
p0 2 4 6S
imul
atio
n/D
ata
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
0
Positrons at 1-6 GeV JINST 9 (2014) 01004
Reconstructed energy in data and simulation agree within 2 %, resolution within 5 %
Stochastic term of energy resolution a = 29.6%, a = 29.2%→ Coarser sampling in W than in Fe
Geant4 version 9.6.p02
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 8 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 9 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Silicon Tungsten ECAL
Si-W-ECAL: Fraction of interacting pions
Pions at 2-10 GeV and 8-80 GeV in Si-W-ECAL CAN-050 2010 JINST 5 P05007
Highly granular calorimeter allows to study shower shape and substructure
0
10
20
30
40
50
xdi
rect
ion
(pad
num
ber)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
z direction (layer number)
CALICE preliminarySi-W-ECAL
Energ
y d
ep
ositio
n(a
.u.)
10 GeV Pion
Incoming pion energy [GeV]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11In
tera
ctio
n fr
actio
n0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
FNAL 2008-πQGSP_BERT
FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT_HP
QBBC
Si-W ECALCALICE preliminary
Study fraction of interacting pions in Si-W-ECAL of ∼ 1λI (24 X0)
Models agree with data at ≤ 4 GeVAt 6-10 GeV, the models overestimate the interacting fraction by 4 %
Geant4 version 9.6.p01
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 10 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Silicon Tungsten ECAL
Si-W-ECAL: Longitudinal and radial energy profile
Shower depth [pseudolayer]
0 10 20 30 40 50
/pse
udol
ayer
[MIP
]de
p<
E>
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
FNAL 2008-π
FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT_HP
Si-W ECALCALICE preliminary
Incoming pion energy [GeV]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
[pse
udol
ayer
]E
<Z
>
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16 FNAL 2008-π
QGSP_BERT
FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT_HP
QBBC
Si-W ECALCALICE preliminary
Radial distance [mm]
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
/eve
nt [M
IP]
dep
<E
>
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 FNAL 2008-π
FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT_HP
Si-W ECALCALICE preliminary
Incoming pion energy [GeV]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
[mm
]E
<R
>
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
FNAL 2008-πQGSP_BERTFTFP_BERTFTFP_BERT_HPQBBC
Si-W ECALCALICE preliminary
Models deposit toomuch energy near theinteraction layer
Effect increasing withbeam momentum
Radial energy profilesbest described by QBBC
FTFP models depositenergy too close toshower axis,QGSP BERT showsopposite effect
Hit distributions(longitudinal and radial)are well reproducedby MC
Geant4 version 9.6.p01
CAN-050
10 GeV π
10 GeV π
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 11 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Scintillator Steel Analog HCAL
Sc-Fe-AHCAL: Pion linearity
Pions at 8-100 GeV 2013 JINST 8 P07005
[GeV]beam
p0 20 40 60 80 100
[G
eV
]⟩
rec
E⟨
50
100 DATA
FTFP_BERT
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
[GeV]beam
p0 20 40 60 80 100
[G
eV
]⟩
rec
E⟨
50
100
[GeV]beam
p
10210
MC
/ D
AT
A
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
FTFP_BERT 9.4p02FTFP_BERT 9.3p02FTFP_BERT 9.2p04
CALICE FeAHCAL
[GeV]beam
p
10210
MC
/ D
AT
A
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
[GeV]beam
p
10210
MC
/ D
AT
A
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
QGSP_BERTQGSP_FTFP_BERTQBBC
CALICE FeAHCAL
[GeV]beam
p
10210
MC
/ D
AT
A
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
[GeV]beam
p
10210
FTFP_BERT
FTF_BIC
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
[GeV]beam
p
10210
[GeV]beam
p
10210
LHEP
CHIPS
CALICE Fe−AHCAL
[GeV]beam
p
10210
FTFP BERTperformance varieswith Geant4 version
Lists includingBERT-model agreewithin 4 % at lowenergies,within 10 % at highenergies
Geant4 version 9.4.p02
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 12 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Scintillator Steel Analog HCAL
Sc-Fe-AHCAL: Analogue vs (semi-)digital readout
Comparison of 3 readout options using same prototype and datasetof pions at 10-80 GeV CAN-049
Analogue: Measure energy depositionDigital: Count number of hits above threshold Nhits
Semi-digital: Count number of hits above thresholds N1, N2, and N3
[GeV]rec,digitalE10 210
no
rma
lize
d #
en
trie
s
310
210
[GeV]rec,digitalE10 210
no
rma
lize
d #
en
trie
s
310
210
FeAHCAL preliminaryCALICE
Agreement between data and FTFP BERT indigital and semi-digital read-out within ±10%
Digital MC resolution shifted to lower energies
>re
c/<
Ere
cσ
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
>re
c/<
Ere
cσ
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25Analogue
Digital
SemiDigital
Analogue w/TCMT
Analogue w/TCMT (with SC)
FeAHCAL preliminaryCALICE
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
beam
)/E
beam
>E
rec
(<E
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
Geant4 version 9.6.p01
color = data
black = FTFP BERT
Data only
AHCAL not optimised for (semi-)digital readout
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
>re
c,d
igital
/<E
rec,d
igital
σ
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
>re
c,d
igital
/<E
rec,d
igital
σ
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
Data
Data fit
FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT fit
FeAHCAL preliminaryCALICE
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
>re
c,S
Dcorr
/<E
rec,S
Dcorr
σ
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.22
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
>re
c,S
Dcorr
/<E
rec,S
Dcorr
σ
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
0.22
Data
Data fit
FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT fit
FeAHCAL preliminaryCALICE
Digital
Semi-digital
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 13 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Scintillator Steel Analog HCAL
Sc-Fe-AHCAL: Analogue vs (semi-)digital readout
Comparison of 3 readout options using same prototype and datasetof pions at 10-80 GeV CAN-049
Analogue: Measure energy depositionDigital: Count number of hits above threshold Nhits
Semi-digital: Count number of hits above thresholds N1, N2, and N3
[GeV]rec,digitalE10 210
no
rma
lize
d #
en
trie
s
310
210
[GeV]rec,digitalE10 210
no
rma
lize
d #
en
trie
s
310
210
FeAHCAL preliminaryCALICE
Agreement between data and FTFP BERT indigital and semi-digital read-out within ±10%
Digital MC resolution shifted to lower energies
>re
c/<
Ere
cσ
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
>re
c/<
Ere
cσ
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25Analogue
Digital
SemiDigital
Analogue w/TCMT
Analogue w/TCMT (with SC)
FeAHCAL preliminaryCALICE
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
beam
)/E
beam
>E
rec
(<E
0.06
0.04
0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
Geant4 version 9.6.p01
color = data
black = FTFP BERT
Data only
AHCAL not optimised for (semi-)digital readout
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 14 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Scintillator Steel Analog HCAL
Sc-Fe-AHCAL: Parametrisation of hadron shower profiles
]Ieffλz from shower start [
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
)Ief
fλ
E in
laye
r [M
IP] (
laye
r=0.
137
∆
0
20
40
60
80
100
120+π
DATA 40 GeV/ndf: 15.2/27 = 0.562χFit
f: ( 23.4 +- 1.1)%: 4.33 +- 0.28shortα
0
eff: ( 1.75 +- 0.13)Xshort
β: 1.44 +- 0.01longα
Ieffλ: ( 1.27 +- 0.02)
longβ
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(a)
Logitudinal and radial shower shape for pions andprotons at 10-80 GeV CAN-048
Fit of longitudinal shower shape using
∆E = A ·
f ·exp(− z
βshort)
βshort ·Γ(αshort)·(
z
βshort
)αshort−1+
(1− f ) ·exp(− zβlong
)
βlong ·Γ(αlong)·
(z
βlong
)αlong−1
MC overestimates fraction of short componentexcept FTFP BERT for protons
Tail parameters well described by MC
Beam momentum [GeV/c]0 20 40 60 80 100
f
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8proton Data
Data+πproton FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT+πproton QGSP_BERT
QGSP_BERT+π
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(a)
Beam momentum [GeV/c]0 20 40 60 80 100
f, M
C/D
ata
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5+π
Data
FTFP_BERT
QGSP_BERT
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(b)
Beam momentum [GeV/c]0 20 40 60 80 100
f, M
C/D
ata
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5proton
Data
FTFP_BERT
QGSP_BERT
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(c)
Geant4 version 9.6.p01
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 15 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Scintillator Steel Analog HCAL
Sc-Fe-AHCAL: Parametrisation of hadron shower profiles
]Ieffλz from shower start [
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
)Ief
fλ
E in
laye
r [M
IP] (
laye
r=0.
137
∆
0
20
40
60
80
100
120+π
DATA 40 GeV/ndf: 15.2/27 = 0.562χFit
f: ( 23.4 +- 1.1)%: 4.33 +- 0.28shortα
0
eff: ( 1.75 +- 0.13)Xshort
β: 1.44 +- 0.01longα
Ieffλ: ( 1.27 +- 0.02)
longβ
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(a)
Logitudinal and radial shower shape for pions andprotons at 10-80 GeV CAN-048
Fit of longitudinal shower shape using
∆E = A ·
f ·exp(− z
βshort)
βshort ·Γ(αshort)·(
z
βshort
)αshort−1+
(1− f ) ·exp(− zβlong
)
βlong ·Γ(αlong)·
(z
βlong
)αlong−1
MC overestimates fraction of short componentexcept FTFP BERT for protons
Tail parameters well described by MC
Beam momentum [GeV/c]0 20 40 60 80 100
f
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8proton Data
Data+πproton FTFP_BERT
FTFP_BERT+πproton QGSP_BERT
QGSP_BERT+π
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(a)
Beam momentum [GeV/c]0 20 40 60 80 100
f, M
C/D
ata
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5+π
Data
FTFP_BERT
QGSP_BERT
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(b)
Beam momentum [GeV/c]0 20 40 60 80 100
f, M
C/D
ata
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5proton
Data
FTFP_BERT
QGSP_BERT
CALICE Fe-AHCAL Preliminary
(c)
Geant4 version 9.6.p01
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 15 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Scintillator Tungsten Analog HCAL
Sc-W-AHCAL: Pion, proton and kaon response
[GeV]beam
p0 20 40 60 80 100
[MIP
s]⟩
vis
E⟨
1000
2000
3000
CALICE Preliminary
+πW-AHCAL 2011,
DataQGSP_BERT_HPFTFP_BERT_HP
[GeV]beam
p0 20 40 60 80 100S
imul
atio
n/D
ata
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.10
[GeV]beam
p0 20 40 60 80 100
[MIP
s]⟩
vis
E⟨
1000
2000
3000
CALICE Preliminary
W-AHCAL 2011, protonsData
QGSP_BERT_HPQGSP_BIC_HP
FTFP_BERT_HP
[GeV]beam
p0 20 40 60 80 100S
imul
atio
n/D
ata
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.10
W-AHCAL energy sum [MIPs]1000 1500 2000 2500
15.
0 M
IPs)
⋅en
trie
s ∑
Ent
ries/
(
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
CALICE Preliminary
Data
QGSP_BERT_HP
QGSP_BIC_HP
FTFP_BERT_HP
= 50 GeVbeam
, p+K
Pion, protons and kaons at 3-10 GeV JINST 9 2014 01004 and 25-100 GeV CAN-044
Good agreement between data and QGSP BERT HP and FTFP BERT HP
QGSP BIC HP underestimates data slightly (within uncertainties)
Geant4 version 9.5.p01
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 16 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Scintillator Tungsten Analog HCAL
Sc-W-AHCAL: Proton shower shapes
1 2 3 4 5
Ene
rgy
per
laye
r [M
IPs]
100
200
300CALICE Preliminary
= 100 GeVbeam
Protons, p
Data
QGSP_BERT_HP
QGSP_BIC_HP
FTFP_BERT_HP
]Iλz [1 2 3 4 5S
imul
atio
n/D
ata
0.5
1.0
1.5
Radius [mm]0 100 200 300 400
2M
IPs/
evt/c
m ⟩
vis
E⟨
-410
-310
-210
-110
1
CALICE Preliminary
= 100 GeVbeam
Protons, p
Data
QGSP_BERT_HP
QGSP_BIC_HP
FTFP_BERT_HP
Radius [mm]0 100 200 300 400
Sim
ulat
ion/
Dat
a0.60.81.01.21.4
QGSP BERT HP and QGSP BIC HP overestimate energy depositionin first part of showerRadial profile: Models overestimate energy density in shower core CAN-044
Geant4 version 9.5.p01
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 17 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Shower Substructure
Sc-Fe-AHCAL: Substructure of hadronic shower
Beam
Identifiedtrack segments
CALICE
Pions at 10-80 GeV in AHCAL2013 JINST 8 P09001
Identify track segments ofminimum-ionising particles withinhadron showers
Best agreement between data andQGSP BERT and FTFP BERT
Agreement crucial for simulation studiesof Particle Flow Analysis
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mean M
ultip
licity
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
2.2
2.4
FTFP_BERT
LHEPQGSP_BERT
QGS_BIC
DataCALICE
Energy [GeV]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Resid
ual
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
[cm
]tr
ack
λ 10
11
12
13
14
15
16 FTFP_BERT
LHEP
QGSP_BERT
QGS_BIC
Data
CALICE
Energy [GeV]10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Resid
ual
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
Geant4 version 9.4.p02
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 18 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Shower Substructure
Fe-SDHCAL: Substructure of hadronic shower
SDHCAL Layer
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50X (cm)
0102030405060708090
Y (
cm)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Mea
n #
reco
nstr
uted
trac
ks0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
FTFP_BERT_HPQGSP_BERT_HPLHEPSDHCAL DATA
CALICE Preliminary (a)
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
MC
/Dat
a
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
(b)
]π in
tλ
Mea
n tr
ack
leng
th [
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
FTFP_BERT_HPQGSP_BERT_HPLHEPSDHCAL DATA
CALICE Preliminary (a)
[GeV]beamE0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
MC
/Dat
a
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
(b)
Pions at 10-80 GeV in SDHCAL CAN-047
Identify track segments of minimum-ionising particles within showers
Best agreement between data and QGSP BERT and FTFP BERT
Agreement crucial for simulation studies of Particle Flow Analysis
Geant4 version 9.6.p01
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 19 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Shower Time Structure
T3B: Time structure of hadronic showers
100 cm
44.9 cm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 140
T3B: Tungsten Timing Test Beam
Scintillator cells placed behind HCAL
Read out 3000×800 ps ≈ 2 µs tosample the full shower development
CAN-038 arXiv:1404.6454
Time structure of hadronic showers
Delayed component due tonuclear deexcitation,neutron propagation etc.
Time of First Hit [ns]0 50 100 150 200
/ 0
.8 n
shits
N6
10
510
410
310
210
110
1
+ cslowτ
t
e⋅ slow
+ Afastτ
t
e⋅ fast
f(t) = A
60 GeV hadrons tungsten
= 480 ns, c = 5.5E06slow
τ = 8.7 ns, fast
τ
60 GeV hadrons steel
= 76 ns, c = 3.1E06slow
τ = 7.7 ns, fast
τ
180 GeV muons
c = 1.2E06
CALICE T3B
Pions in tungsten show more late hittime entries than steel
Reference measurement of muons
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 20 / 22
Geant4 Comparison to Hadron Data Shower Time Structure
T3B: Time distribution
Time of First Hit [ns]0 50 100 150 200
/0.8
ns
hits
N
610
510
410
310
210
110
1
60 GeV hadrons steel
Data
QBBC
QGSP_BERT_HP
QGSP_BERT
CALICE T3B
Time of First Hit [ns]0 50 100 150 200
/0.8
ns
hits
N
510
410
310
210
110
1
60 GeV hadrons tungsten
Data
QBBC
QGSP_BERT_HP
QGSP_BERT
CALICE T3B
Shower Radius [cm]0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Me
an
Tim
e o
f F
irst
Hit [
ns]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1860 GeV hadrons tungsten
Data
QBBC
QGSP_BERT_HP
QGSP_BERT
CALICE T3B
High precision (HP) neutrontracking improves agreementfor tungsten
Late energy deposits are moreimportant in the outer regionsof a shower
Geant4 version 9.4.p03
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 21 / 22
Summary
Summary
Test beam experiments with ECAL and HCAL prototypes
Test of novel technologies in large-scale calorimetersDemonstration of detector calibration capabilitiesCharacterisation of prototypes: linearity, resolutionMeasurement of particle shower evolution
Validate detector simulations using electromagnetic processes
Overall good agreement between data and detector simulation
Test models of hadronic nuclear interactions
Geant4 models reproduce hadronic data within few percentHigh precision (HP) neutron tracking improves tungsten HCAL simulationNovel test of shower substructure and time structure
Stay tuned for more CALICE results, e. g. HCALs with gaseous readout
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 22 / 22
Backup
Backup
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 23 / 22
Backup
CALICE
CAlorimetry for LInear Collider Experiments
International R&D collaboration, ∼ 330 members
Development of imaging calorimeters for experiments athigh-energy e+e− colliders
Build and test calorimeterprototypes
Demonstrate that the requiredperformance of the calorimetersystem can be achieved
Compare results to MCpredictions
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 24 / 22
Backup
Calorimeters for future lepton colliders
Jet energy resolution goal
5-3.5 % for 50 GeV to 1 TeV jets
Possible solutionParticle Flow Analysis
Low mass trackerfor charged particlesHigh granularity ECALfor photonsHigh granularity HCALfor neutral hadrons
CALICE builds and tests prototypes ofhighly granular calorimeters
Demonstration that the requiredperformance of the calorimeter systemcan be achieved
Comparison of results to MC predictions
ECAL Cell Size/cm0 1 2 3
[%]
jet
/E90
rms
3
3.5
4
4.5
5a)
45 GeV Jets100 GeV Jets180 GeV Jets250 GeV Jets
HCAL Cell Size/cm0 2 4 6 8 10
[%]
jet
/E90
rms
3
3.5
4
4.5
5b) 45 GeV Jets
100 GeV Jets180 GeV Jets250 GeV Jets
NIM A611 2009 25
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 25 / 22
Backup
International Linear Collider (ILC)
Superconducting RF cavities
Gradient: 32MV/m
Energy: ∼ 500GeV(upgradable to 1TeV)
Luminosity: few 1034 cm−2s−1
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 26 / 22
Backup
Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)
2-beam acceleration scheme
Operated at room temperature
Gradient: 100MV/m
Energy: ∼ 375GeV to 3TeV
Luminosity: few 1034 cm−2s−1
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 27 / 22
Backup
Detector simulations: Example Sc-W-AHCAL
1597 mm
TCMT159 mm z=0
WCh1
−18 mm−33 mm
Sc1 WCh2 WCh3 Sc2
−956 mm−306 mm
−415 mm−430 mm
−873 mm−888 mm
489 mmT3B
z
W−AHCAL
beam
Geant4 detector simulation
Full setup including beam instrumentationParticle generation using gun simulationBeam position, direction and spread corresponding to data runs
Digitisation
Realistic detector granularityOptical cross talk between neighbouring scintillator tilesBirk’s lawSimulated readout electronics: signal shaping time, noiseSaturation effects
Eva Sicking (CERN) Geant4 Comparison to CALICE Data July 3, 2014 28 / 22