comparison of health careers to typical high school ... · web viewchapter 10: the sensory system...

Comparison of Health Careers to Typical High School Anatomy & Physiology CourseSt. Clair Technical Education Center

January, 2008

Text used for comparison:Memmler’s Structure and Function of the Human Body, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2005Text Objective Cov

eredHealth Career Job Sheet Number

Comments

Unit 1: The body as a WholeChapter 1: Organization of the Human Body1) Define the terms anatomy and physiology O JS 15

2) Describe the organization of the body from chemicals to the whole organism3) List 11 body systems and give the general function of each O JS 15

4) Define metabolism and name the two phases of metabolism JS 25

5) Briefly explain the role of ATP in the body JS 13

6) Differentiate between extracellular and intracellular fluids7) Define and give examples of homeostasis JS 26

8) Compare negative feedback and positive feedback9) List and define the main directional terms for the body JS 10

10) List and define the three planes of division of the body JS 10

11) Name the subdivisions of the dorsal and ventral cavaties JS 10

12) Name and locate subdivisions of the abdomen JS10

13) Name the basic units of length, weight, and volume in the metric system JS 27

14) Define the metric prefixes kilo, centi, milli, and micro15) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the body’s organization

Damon

Text Objective Covered

Health Career Job Sheet

Comments

Unit 1: The Body As A Whole Chapter 2: Chemistry, Matter and Life1) Define an element2) Describe the structure of an atom3) Differentiate between molecules and compounds4) Explain why water is so important to the body JS 23 urinary

5) Define mixture; list the three types of mixtures and give two examples of each6) Differentiate between ionic and covalent bonds7) Define an electrolyte8) Define the terms acid, base, and salt9) Explain how the numbers of the pH scale relate to acidity and basicity (alkalinity)10) Define buffer and explain why buffers are important in the body11) Define radioactivity and cite several examples of how radioactive substances are used in medicine

JS 17Safety

12) List three characteristics of organic compounds13) Name the three main type of organic compounds and the building blocks of each14) Define enzyme; describe how enzymes work JS 22 Digestion

15) show how word parts are used to build words related to chemistry, matter and life.

Damon



Comments

Unit 1: The Body As A Whole Chapter 3: Cells and Their Functions1) List three types of microscopes used to study cells JS 07 Proper use

2) Describe the function and composition of the plasma membrane

O JS 15

3) Describe the cytoplasm of the cell, including the name and function of the main organelles

O JS 15

4) Describe the composition, location, and function of the DNA in the cell O JS 15

5) Compare the function of theree types of RNA in the cells O JS 15

6) Explain briefly how cells make proteins7) Name and briefly describe the stages of mitosis O JS 15

8) Define eight methods by which substances enter and leave cells9) Explain what will happen if cells are placed in solutions with concentrations the same as or different from those of the cell fluids10) Show how word parts are used to build words related to cells and their functions.

Damon

Chapter 4: Tissues, Glands, and Membranes1) Name the four main groups of tissues and give the location and general characteristics of each

O JS 15

2) Describe the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands and give examples of each

O JS 15

3) Give examples of liquid, soft, fibrous, and hard connective tissues O JS 15

4) Describe three types of epithelial membranes O JS 15

5) List several types of connective tissue membranes O JS 15

6) Show how word parts are used to build words related to tissues, glands and membranes

Damon



Comments

Unit 1: The Body As A Whole Chapter 5: The Integumentary System1) Name and describe the layers of the skin JS 11

2) Describe the subcutaneous tissue JS 113) Give the location and function of the accessory structures of the skin JS 11

4) List the four main functions of the skin JS 115) Discuss the factors that contribute to skin color JS 11

6) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the skin. JS 11



Comments

Unit 2: Movement and Support Chapter 6: The Skeleton: Bones and Joints1) List the functions of bones JS 122) Describe the structure of a long bone JS 123) Differentiate between compact bone and spongy bone with respect to structure and location4) Differentiate between red and yellow marrow with respect to function and location

JS 12

5) Name the three different types of cells in bone and describe the functions of each

JS 12

6) Explain how a long bone grows7) Name and describe various markings found on bones8) List the bones in the axial skeleton JS 129) Explain the purpose of the infant fontanels JS 12

10) Describe the normal curves of the spine and explain their purpose JS 12

11) List the bones in the appendicular skeleton JS 12

12) Compare the structure of the female pelvis and the male pelvis



Comments

13) Describe how the skeleton changes with age

Nurse Aid Book

14) Describe the three types of joints JS 1215) Describe the structure of a synovial joint and give six examples of synovial joints

JS 12

16) Demonstrate six types of movement that occur at synovial joints JS 12

17) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the skeleton. Damon

Unit 2: Movement and SupportChapter 7: The Muscular System1) Compare the three types of muscle tissue JS 13

2) Describe three functions of skeletal muscle JS 13

3) Briefly describe how skeletal muscles contract JS 13

4) List the substances needed in muscle contraction and describe the function of each

JS 13

5) Define the term oxygen debt JS 136) Describe three compounds stored in muscle that are used to generate energy in highly active muscle cells

JS 13

7) Cite the effects of exercise on muscles JS 13 Also in Nursing

Assistant8) Compare isotonic and isometric contractions9) Explain how muscles work in pairs to produce movement JS 13

10) Compare the workings of muscles and bones to lever systems JS 13

11) Explain how muscles are named12) Name some of the major muscles in each muscle groups and describe the main function of each

JS 13

13) Describe how muscles change with age

Nursing Assistant

14) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the muscular system

Damon



Comments

Unit 3: Coordination and ControlChapter 8: The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves1) Describe the organization of the nervous system JS 18

2) Describe the structure of a neuron JS 183) Describe how neuron fibers are built into the nerve JS 18

4) Explain the purpose of the neuroglia JS 185) Diagram and describe the steps in an action potential6) Briefly describe the transmission of a nerve impulse JS 18

7) Explain the role of myelin in nerve conduction JS 18

8) Briefly describe transmission at t synapse JS 18

9) Define neurotransmitter and give several examples of neurotransmitters JS 18

10) Describe the distribution of gray and white matter in the spinal cord11) List the components of a reflex arc JS 1812) Define a simple reflex and give several examples of reflexes JS 18

13) Describe and name the spinal nerves and three of their main plexuses JS 18

14) Compare the location and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

JS 18

15) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the nervous system

Damon

Unit 3: Coordination and ControlChapter 9: The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves1) Give the location and functions of the four main divisions of the brain JS 18

2) Name and describe the three meninges JS 18

3) Cite the function of cerebrospinal fluid and describe where and how this fluid is formed

JS 18

4) Name and locate the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres JS 18



Comments

5) Cite one function of the cerebral cortex in each lobe of the cerebrum JS 18

6) Name two divisions of the diencephalons and cite the functions of each

JS 18

7) Locate the three subdivisions of the brain stem and give the functions of each

JS 18

8) Describe the cerebellum and cite its functions JS 18

9) Name some techniques used to study the brain JS 18

10) Cite the names and functions of the 12 cranial nerves * JS 18

11) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the nervous system

Damon

Unit 3: Coordination and ControlChapter 10: The Sensory System1) Describe the function of the sensory system JS 19

2) Differentiate between the special and general senses and give examples of each

JS 19

3) Describe the structure of the eye JS 194) List and describe the structures that protect the eye JS 19

5) Define refraction and list the refractive parts of the eye JS 19

6) Differentiate between the rods and the cones of the eye JS 19

7) Compare the functions of the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the eye

JS 19

8) Describe the nerve supply to the eye JS 199) Describe the three divisions of the ear JS 19

10) Describe the receptor for hearing and explain how it functions JS 19

11) Compare static and dynamic equilibrium and describe the location and function of these receptors

* JS 19

12) Explain the function of proprioceptors



Comments

13) List several methods for treatment of pain14) Describe sensory adaptation and explain its value15) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the sensory system

Damon

Unit 3: Coordination and ControlChapter 11: The Endocrine System: Glands and Hormones1) Compare the effects of the nervous system and the endocrine system in controlling the body

O JS 35

2) Describe the functions of hormones O JS 353) Explain how hormones are regulated O JS 354) Identify the glands of the endocrine system on a diagram O JS 35

5) List the hormones produced by each endocrine gland and describe the effects of each on the body

O JS 35

6) Describe how the hypothalamus controls the anterior and posterior pituitary

O JS 35

7) List tissues other than the endocrine glands that produce hormones JS 24 reproductive

8) List some medical uses of hormones9) Explain how the endocrine systems responds to stress * Fight/ flight

10) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the endocrine system

Damon



Comments

Unit 4: Circulation and Body DefenseChapter 12: The Blood1) List the functions of the blood JS 202) List the main ingredients in plasma JS 203) Describe the formation of blood cells JS 124) Name and describe the three types of formed elements in the blood and give the function of each

JS 20

5) Characterize the five types of leukocytes JS 20

6) Define hemostasis and cite three steps in hemostasis JS 20

7) Briefly describe the steps in blood clotting JS 20

8) Define blood type and explain the relation between blood type and transfusions

* JS 20

9) List the possible reasons for transfusions of whole blood and blood components

JS 20Exploration lab rotation

10) Specify the tests used to study blood11) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the blood Damon

Unit 4: Circulation and Body DefenseChapter 13: The Heart1) Describe the three layers of the heart wall JS 20

2) Describe the structure of the pericardium and cite its functions JS 20

3) Compare the functions of the right and left sides of the heart JS 20

4) Name the four chambers of the heart and compare their functions JS 20

5) Name the valves at the entrance and exit of each ventricle and cite the function of the valves

JS 20

6) Briefly describe blood circulation through the myocardium JS 20

7) Briefly describe the cardiac cycle JS 208) Name and locate the components of the heart’s conduction system JS 20



Comments

9) Explain the effects of the autonomic nervous system on the heart rate

JS 18

10) List and define several terms that describe variations in heart rates JS 20

11) Explain what produces the two main heart sounds JS 20

12) Briefly describe four methods for studying the heart JS 20

13) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the heart Damon

Unit 4: Circulation and Body DefenseChapter 14: Blood Vessels and Blood Circulation1) Differentiate among the five types of blood vessels with regard to structure and function

* JS 20Three main types

2) Compare the pulmonary and systemic circuits relative to location and function

JS 20

3) Name the four sections of the aorta and list the main branches of each section4) Define anastomosis: Cite the function of anastomoses and give several examples5) Compare superficial and deep veins and give examples of each JS 20

6) Name the main vessels that drain into the superior and inferior venae cavae7) Define venous sinus and give several examples of venous sinuses8) Describe the structure and function of the hepatic portal system9) Explain the forces that affect exchange across the capillary wall JS 20

10) Describe the factors that regulate blood flow JS 20

11) Define pulse and list factors that affect pulse rate JS 26

12) List the factors that affect blood pressure JS 26

13) Explain how blood pressure is commonly measured JS 26



Comments

14) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the blood vessels and circulation

Damon

Unit 4: Circulation and Body DefenseChapter 15: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses1) List the functions of the lymphatic system O JS 34

2) Explain how lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries O JS 34

3) Name the two main lymphatic ducts and describe the area drained by each O JS 34

4) List the major structures of the lymphatic system and give the locations and functions of each

O JS 34

5) Describe the composition and function of the reticuloendothelial system6) Differentiate between nonspecific and specific body defenses and give examples of each7) Briefly describe the inflammatory reaction8) List several types of inborn immunity9) Define antigen and antibody10) Compare T cells and B cells with respect to development and type of activity11) Explain the role of macrophages in immunity12) Describe some protective effects of an antigen-antibody reaction13) Differentiate between naturally acquired and artificially acquired immunity14) Differentiate between active and passive immunity15) Define the terms vaccine and immune serum16) Show how word parts are used to build word related to the lymphatic system

Damon



Comments

Unit 5: Energy: Supply and UseChapter 16: Respiration1) Define respiration and describe the three phases of respiration JS 21

2) Name and describe all the structures of the respiratory system JS 21

3) Explain the mechanism for pulmonary ventilation JS 21

4) List the ways in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood

JS 21

5) Describe nervous and chemical controls of respiration JS 21

6) Give several examples of altered breathing patterns JS 21

7) Show how word parts are used to build words related to respiration Damon

Unit 5: Energy: Supply and UseChapter 17: Digestion1) Name three main functions of the digestive system JS 22

2) Describe the four layers of the digestive tract wall3) Differentiate between the two layers of the peritoneum4) Name and locate the different types of teeth JS 22

5) Name and describe the functions of the organs of the digestive tract JS 22

6) Name and describe the functions of the accessory organs of digestion JS 22

7) Describe how bile functions in digestion JS 22

8) Name and locate the ducts that carry bile from the liver into the digestive tract

JS 22

9) Explain the role of enzymes in digestion and give examples of enzymes

JS 22

10) Name the digestion products of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates JS 22

11) Define absorption JS 22



Comments

12) Define villi and state how villi function in absorption JS 22

13) Explain the use of feedback in regulating digestion and give several examples14) List several hormones involved in regulating digestion15) Show how word parts are used to build words related to digestion Damon

Unit 5: Energy: Supply and UseChapter 18: Metabolism, Nutrition, and Body Temperature1) Differentiate between catabolism and anabolism2) Differentiate between the anaerobic and aerobic phases of cellular respiration and give the end products and the relative amount of energy released by each

* JS 21

3) Define metabolic rate and name several factors that affect the metabolic rate

JS 25

4) Explain the roles of glucose and glycogen in metabolism5) Compare the energy contents of fats, proteins and carbohydrates JS 25

6) Define essential amino acid7) Explain the roles of minerals and vitamins in nutrition and give examples of each

JS 25

8) List the recommended percentages of carbohydrate, fat and protein in the diet

JS 25

9) Distinguish between simple and complex carbohydrates, giving examples of each

JS 25

10) Compare saturated and unsaturated fats JS 25

11) List some adverse effects of alcohol consumption JS 22

12) Explain how heat is produced and lost in the body JS 13, JS 26 Vital signs

respritatory13) Describe the role of the hypothalamus in regulating body temperature

JS 20



Comments

14) Show how word parts are used to build words related to metabolism, nutrition and body temperature

Damon

Unit 5: Energy: Supply and UseChapter 19: The Urinary System and Body Fluids1) List the systems that eliminate waste and name the substances eliminated by each

JS 23

2) Describe the parts of the urinary system and give the functions of each JS 23

3) Trace the path of a drop of blood as it flows through the kidney JS 23

4) Describe a nephron JS 235) Describe the components and functions of the juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus6) Name the four process involved in urine formation and describe the action of each

* JS 23

7) Identify the role of ADH in urine formation8) Describe the process of micturition JS 23 Nurse Aid9) Name three normal constituents or urine JS 23

10) Compare intracellular and extarcellular fluids11) list four types of extracellular fluids12) Name the systems that are involved in water balance JS 23

13) Explain how thirst is regulated JS 2314) Define electrolytes and describe some of their functions15) Describe the role of hormones in electrolyte balance16) Describe three methods for regulating the pH of body fluids17) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the urinary system and body fluids

Damon



Comments

Unit 5: Perpetuation of LifeChapter 20: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems1) Name the male and female gonads and describe the function of each JS 24

2) State the purpose of meiosis O JS 153) List the accessory organs of the male and female reproductive tracts and cite the function of each

JS 24

4) Describe the composition and function of semen JS 24

5) Draw and label a spermatozoon JS 246) List in the correct order the hormones produced during the menstrual cycle and cite the source of each7) Describe the functions of the main male and female sex hormones JS 24

8) Explain how negative feedback regulates reproductive function in both males and females9) Describe the changes that occur during and after menopause * JS 24

10) Cite the main methods of birth control in use11) Show how word parts are used to build words related to the reproductive systems

Damon

Unit 5: Perpetuation of LifeChapter 21: Development and Heredity1) Describe fertilization and the early development of the fertilized egg JS 24

2) Describe the structure and function of the placenta3) Briefly describe changes that occur in the fetus and the mother during pregnancy

JS 24

4) Briefly describe the four stages of labor5) Compare fraternal and identical twins JS 24

6) Cite the advantages of breastfeeding



Comments

7) Briefly describe the mechanism of gene function8) Explain the difference between dominant and recessive genes9) compare phenotype and genotype and give example of each10) Describe what is meant by a carrier of a genetic trait11) Define meiosis and explain its function in reproduction JS 24

12) Explain how sex is determined in humans JS 24

13) Describe what is meant by the term sex-linked and list several sex-linked traits14) List several factors that may influence the expression of a gene15) Define mutation JS 2416) Show how word parts are used to build words related to development and heredity

Damon

Key

- Expectation is taught and assessed* - Expectation is partially taught

O - Expectation is currently contained on an optional Job Sheet

comparison of health careers to typical high school ... · web viewchapter 10: the sensory system...

Documents