comparison of ground-based measurements and the arctas flights over eureka
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Comparison of Ground-Based Measurements and the ARCTAS Flights Over Eureka. Kimberly Strong Department of Physics, University of Toronto - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Comparison of Ground-Based Measurements and the ARCTAS
Flights Over EurekaKimberly Strong
Department of Physics, University of Toronto
With contributions from: C. Adams1, R. Batchelor1, J.R. Drummond2, W. Daffer3, P.F. Fogal1, A. Fraser1, F. Kolonjari1, R. Lindenmaier1, G. Manney3, K.A. Walker1, M.A. Wolff1, A. Manson4,
C. Meek4, T. Chshyolkova4, S. Polavarapu5, M. Reszka5, M. Neish1, A.Robichaud6, J. de Grandpré6, M. Roch6, S. Chabrillat7, S. Beagley8, S. Barthlott9, T. Blumenstock9, F. Hase9, J. Klyft10,
A. Strandberg10, J. Mellqvist10, N. O’Neill11, D. Wunch12, P. Wennberg12
(1) Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
(2) Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS(3) Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA(4) Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, SK(5) Environment Canada, Downsview, ON(6) Environment Canada, Dorval, Quebec(7) Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium(8) Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, North York, ON(9) Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and University Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany(10) Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden(11) Universite Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec(12) California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
ARC-IONS Data Workshop, 7-8 January 2009, Toronto
The PEARL at Eureka Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory
Formerly Env. Canada’s Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory Run by the Canadian Network for Detection of Atmospheric
Change (CANDAC) since August 2005 Three facilities: PEARL ridge lab, ØPAL, and SAFIRE
Located on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut (80°N, 86°W)
15 km from Eureka Weather Station
1100 km from North Pole
PEARL Research Themes
PEARL research is divided into four themes: Arctic Troposphere Transport and Air Quality
The Arctic Radiative Environment
Impacts of Clouds, Aerosols and Diamond Dust
Middle Atmospheric Chemistry in the Arctic
Waves and Coupling Processes
Other significant research activities Satellite Validation
Sudden Events
Tobias Kerzenmacher
PEARL InstrumentsPEARL Stratospheric Ozone Lidar Bruker 125HR FTS UV-Visible Spectrometer Michelson Wind Interferometer
(ERWIN) Spectral Imaging Interferometer
(SATI) All Sky Imager Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS)
Cimel Sun Photometer Extended-range Atmospheric
Emitted Radiance Interferometer (E-AERI)
Meteorological instruments Brewer Spectrophotometer (EC)
ØPAL Millimeter Cloud Radar High Spectral Resolution Lidar Meteor Radar Polar Atmospheric Emitted
Radiance Interferometer (P-AERI)
Microwave H2O radiometer
Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Rayleigh/Mie/Raman Lidar
Cimel Sun Photometer Precipitation Sensor Suite
SAFIRE VHF radar BSRN Flux Tower
Green = currently installedBlue = “guest instrument”
UV-Visible Spectrometer New PEARL-GBS instrument installed in August 2006 Side-by-side with UT-GBS instrument (10th Arctic campaign) Recently installed sun-tracker for multi-axis scanning and
direct solar observations greater tropospheric sensitivity Daily automated zenith-sky measurements O3, NO2, BrO, OClO columns
2008
Clive Midwinter
2008
19992001
2007 20082006
20082006
First Two Years of O3 and NO2
C. Adams, A. FraserDay 2006 Day 2007 Day 2008
Vortex over Eureka
NO2 decreases in Fall as sunlight decreases.
NO2 recovers in Spring (complicated by vortex dynamics).
PEARL Bruker FTS PEARL Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier
Transform Spectrometer installed July 2006 Daily semi-automated solar infrared
absorption measurements Need direct sun - late February to late October Solar tracker High spectral resolution (up to 0.0024 cm-1) InSb and MCT detectors, KBr beamsplitter
Vertical profiles and columns retrieved using optimal estimation (SFIT2 v3.92c)
Reactive species, source gases, reservoirs, dynamical tracers O3, NO, NO2, HNO3, ClONO2, HCl, OClO, HF,
N2O, CFCs, CO, CH4, C2H6, HCN, OCS, CO2, ...
The First Two Years of FTS Data
O3
HF a tracer
HCl chlorine reservoir
ClONO2
chlorine reservoir
HNO3
nitrogen reservoir
Red boxes indicate
spring 2007 & spring 2008
R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier
Spring 2007 FTS Data
O3
HClchlorine
reservoir
HF a tracer
HNO3
nitrogen reservoir
ClONO2
chlorine reservoir
sPV
2007: The vortex was above Eureka for a large part of the campaign.
R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier;
sPV data - G. Manney & W. Daffer; PV plot -
A. Dornbrack & ECMWF
R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier;
sPV data - G. Manney & W. Daffer; PV plot -
A. Dornbrack & ECMWF
Spring 2008 FTS Data
O3
HClchlorine
reservoir
HF a tracer
HNO3
nitrogen reservoir
ClONO2
chlorine reservoir
sPV
2008: Sudden stratospheric warming in mid-February and very little vortex activity above Eureka during March
Mar 13Mar. 13
IASOA = International Arctic Systems for Observing the AtmosphereNDACC = Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change
IASOA and NDACC Stations
Eureka, Canada
Tiksi, Russia
Alert, Canada
Summit, Greenland,Denmark
Ny Alesund, Svalbard, Norway
Alomar, Norway
Barrow, Alaska, USA
Thule
Kiruna
Poker Flat
Harestua
Eureka
Ny Alesund
Other Arctic FTS Stations Six NDACC FTS instruments are located north of 60º
Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Poker Flat, Kiruna, Harestua, Ny Alesund, Thule, Eureka
R. Batchelor
Kiruna: S. Barthlott,
T. Blumenstock, F. Hase
Harestua: J. Klyft, A. Strandberg,
J. Mellqvist
Days 1 to 100, 2007
Data and movie by Chris Meek (U. Sask)
A. Manson, C. Meek, T. Chshyolkova
Spring 2007 Arctic Vortex
Polar vortex edge at 600 K (~22 km) identified using Q diagnostic a measure of the rotation and strain in a wind field
Eureka Ny Alesund Thule Kiruna Poker Flat Harestua
The First Two Years of FTS Data
CO
C2H6
HCN
CH4
N2O
Tropospheric Species
R. Batchelor, R. Lindenmaier
Photos courtesy of Rich DeVall, Environment Canada
NASA DC-8 and P-3 spiral over Eureka, April 8 2008
1600ZPlots by Debra Wunch, Caltech/JPL
DC-8 Flight Path
MIR measurementsNIR measurements
7880 cm-1 O2 Band
6220 cm-1 CO2 Band
Measurements by Rebecca BatchelorU of Toronto
Trial Near IR Measurements 8 April 2008 tests during ARCTAS campaign - NASA DC-8
and P-3 research aircraft flew spirals over Eureka Used CaF2 beamsplitter and InSb detector
(not standard TCCON configuration)
Plots and analysis by Debra Wunch, Caltech/JPL
April 5, 2008trial measurements
Eureka Near IR - Example Fit
Plots and analysis by Debra Wunch, Caltech/JPL
April 8, 2008
IPY: Models and Measurements
“To have any hope of understanding the current global climate and what might happen in future the science community needs a better picture of conditions at the poles and how they interact with and influence the oceans, atmosphere and land masses. Existing climate models do not work well in the polar regions...”
IPY website http://classic.ipy.org/about/what-is-ipy.htm
Special IPY model runs have been produced for 2007/2008 Comparing measurements to models allows us to assess
how well these model runs are simulating conditions near the poles
Models can be used to help interpret measurements dynamically versus chemically in relation to the Arctic as a whole
IPY Data Assimilation Models The Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model – Data
Assimilated (CMAM-DA) 96 x 48 points covering the globe, with 71 layers from the
troposphere (high resolution) to the mesosphere (3 km resolution) Stratospheric gas phase chemistry Tropospheric methane chemistry only 3D-Var FGAT assimilation of meteorological fields
Environment Canada’s Global Environmental Multiscale stratospheric model, run with the BIRA (Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy) online chemistry package (GEM-BACH) 1.5 degree (240 x 120) resolution, 80 levels with a lid at 0.1 hPa A hybrid model, with the benefits of meteorological assimilation
from GEM-Meso-Strato and the advantages of an online chemistry package executed every time step
3D-Var FGAT assimilation of meteorological fields
Stratospheric N2O Comparisons
GEM-BACH
CMAM-DA
Excellent agreement for both GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA
R. BatchelorModel data provided by the GEM-BACH and CMAM teams.
Stratospheric O3 Comparisons
GEM-BACH
CMAM-DAExcellent agreement for both GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA
R. BatchelorModel data provided by the GEM-BACH and CMAM teams.
Summary PEARL site is now well established at Eureka
First two years of data from UV-visible & FTS instruments
Measurements of O3, CO, CO2, BrO, and other gases during spring 2008 ARCTAS campaign
Analysis and interpretation is ongoing
Spring measurements require careful interpretation Polar vortex dynamics tend to dominate observed concentrations
IPY meteorologically assimilated models GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA generally do A good job of reproducing stratospheric chemistry
A very good job of reproducing stratospheric dynamics
Other model and satellite comparisons underway GEOS-Chem, SLIMCAT, KASIMA, ACE, AIRS, Aura, ...
Acknowledgements CANDAC and PEARL are supported by
AIF/NSIRT, CFCAS, CFI, CSA, EC, GOC-IPY, MRI, MSC, NSERC, OIT, PCSP, SEARCH
The Canadian Arctic ACE Validation Campaigns are supported by CSA, EC, NSERC, NSTP, CGCS
Logistical and operational support at Eureka is provided by CANDAC/PEARL Principal Investigator
James R. Drummond PEARL Site Manager Pierre Fogal The CANDAC operators The wonderful team at EC’s Weather Station
The GEM-BACH and CMAM-DA teams The EU projects GEOMON and SCOUT-O3 NASA and ARCTAS