comparison of figure cognition, satisfaction and dressing desire between china and south korea...
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Comparison of figure cognition, satisfaction and dressing desire between China and South Korea female college students
Haiyan Wang1,a, Choi Yong Lim2,b, Nam Yunjia3,c
1Suzhou Institute of Trade & Commerce, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215009, China
2Dept. of Clothing and Textiles, Seoul National University,Seoul, Korea
3Dept. of Clothing and Textiles, Seoul National University,Seoul, Korea
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Keywords: China and South Korea, Female college student, Body figure, Cognition, Satisfaction, Dressing desire
Abstract. This document he 20-25 years old female university students from Jiangsu province in
China and Seoul in South Korea were chosen as the subjects. The method of simple random sampling
and analyzing questionnaires was employed and the questionnaire content are following: 50
questions referring body cognition and figure satisfaction and 11 questions investigating subjects’
acceptence of various clothing styles. Responses data were collected and processed by the SPSS (17.0
for Windows) statistical software and statistical methods of Descriptive analysis, Crosstabs, Mean
multiple comparison (Duncan) was employed. This study focused on female college students’
self-figure cognition, self-figure satisfaction and dressing desire and would offer reference and advice
about developing China’s and South Korea’s apparel trade.
Introduction
The cognition and satisfaction to self-figure depend on how much the actual figure is beyond peoples’
expectations on psychology perception. The view of self body condition called as self-figure concept
has closely relationship with clothing consumption. There are reliable connection among female body
image, self-esteem feeling, appearance and clothing satisfaction, and the body image may influnce
people's psychological environment. Female college students make up an important part of clothing
consumer group. At their ages, they constantly receive the impact and moulding of new culture and
new knowledge, coming into being their own special values and life habit, so their consuming
behavior has its unique personality. Further,female college students who naturally own appearance
more care,are willing to spend time,energy and money making good image,especially to pay
more attention to their body shape and dressing.
Therefore, to investigate female college students' awareness and satisfaction to self-figure, and
dressing desire,it is helpful to understand their figure status and dressing behavior. It could offer
theoretical references to women's dress enterprise in China and South Korea.
Methods
20-25 years old female university students from Jiangsu province in China, and Seoul in South Korea
participate in this study. The method of simple random sampling and analyzing questionares was
employed, and there are 230 valid questionnaires from China and 195 ones from South Korea, the
survey was completed during April 2009.
In the questionnaire, three parts are included: 25 questions evaluating the size of each body part, 25
questions about figure satisfaction as shown in table 1, and 11 questions investigating subjects’
acceptence of various clothing styles aiming at each body part as shown in Fig. 1. Responses were
measured using a five-point Likert scale. SPSS (17.0 for Windows) statistical software was used, and
statistical methods of Descriptive analysis, Crosstabs, mean multiple comparison (Duncan),
correlation analysis and T-test of test was employed for data process.
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 332-334 (2011) pp 1567-1571Online available since 2011/Sep/02 at www.scientific.net© (2011) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerlanddoi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.332-334.1567
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clothing styles
001 002 003
004 005 006
007
008
009
010
011
dressing desire((((five-point Likert)))) never to desire no desire the genera desire strong desire
Fig. 1 Clothing styles
Results and Discussion
Comparison of self-figure cognition. 25 indexes were designed in the questionnaire concerning the
neck, shoulder and chest, arms, waist, hips, thighs and other parts to cognize the body part size and
obesity. Five-point Likert scale was described as follows:small (1 points), slightly small (2 points),
moderate (3 points), slightly big (4 points), big (5 points.)
Table 1 show the mean, standard deviation of average and T test analysis result. The means of all
parts for the China group cover the interval between 2.71 and 3.24; the modes of all parts are 3, but
the mode of lower abdomen are 2. It suggests that the subjects from China reach an agreement on
self-figure cognition on the whole. The means of all parts for the South Korea group cover the interval
between 2.52 and 3.65; the mode evaluating the upper arm is 4, the mode describing the bulgy
abdomen is 2, the mode describing the calf is 4, and the modes for other parts are 3. The T test
analysis result suggests that there is significant varivation between the China group and the South
Korea group in the cognition of neck size, shoulder slope, arm length, bust size, bulgy abdomen, leg
length, thigh thickness, hip, and the length from nape to waist.
Table 1Comparison of self-figure cognition
* significant difference(p≤ 0.05);
**significant difference(p≤ 0.01;
***
significant difference(p≤ 0.001)
Fig. 2 show the statistical results of the whole body’s obesity evaluation. 4.2% of the China group
regard themselves thin, while 8.4% of the South Korea group think themselves thin; subjects who
think themselves “slightly thin” account for 11.1% in the China group, and 18.3% in the South Korea
group; subjects who evaluate themselves “moderate” account for 64.2% in the China group , and
Body
parts
Cognition Chinese Cognition
Korean
T-test
Body
parts
Cognition
Chinaese
Cognition Korean
T-test mean Std.
deviation
mean Std.de
viation
mean Std.
deviation
mean Std.
deviation
head size 3.14 0.65 3.02 0.99 -1.53 hip 3.11 0.65 3.43 1.05 3.348***
Neck length
2.99 0.58 3.03 0.83 0.432 the height of hip
3.00 0.47 2.77 0.79 3.449***
neck size 2.96 0.62 2.85 0.74 -1.809* leg length 3.02 0.68 2.74 0.98 3.401***
Shoulder width
3.15 0.71 3.09 1.04 -0.672 thigh thickness
3.23 0.76 3.65 1.11 4.025***
shoulder
slop 2.93 0.52 2.70 0.69 -4.136*** calf
thickness 3.24 0.76 3.42 1.09 1.956*
upper
arm thickness
3.15 0.82 3.29 1.12 1.115* Ankle
thickness 2.93 0.64 3.03 1.07 0.876
Forearm
thickness 2.93 0.74 2.77 1.07 1.493 nape
length 3.00 0.35 3.31 0.75 4.728***
Wrist
thickness 2.71 0.81 2.52 1.14 1.704 height 2.94 0.76 2.83 1.18 -1.229
Arm
length 3.01 0.65 3.32 0.97 3.512** weight 3.01 0.69 3.19 0.99 1.752
Bust size 2.83 0.67 2.63 1.13 -2.456* whole body
obesity
3.03 0.68 2.94 0.92 -1.455
Breast
size 2.82 0.69 2.45 1.21 -3.968*** Upper
body fat 2.95 0.70 2.79 0.98 -2.476
waist 2.95 0.82 2.88 1.05 -1.130 private parts fat
3.10 0.65 3.34 1.05 2.26
bulgy abdomen
2.03 0.80 2.46 0.97 4.721***
1568 Advanced Textile Materials
52.9% in the South Korea group; the pecentage of "slightly fat" subjects is 19.3% in the China group
and 18.3% in the South Korea group; the "Fat" just make up 1.2% in the China group and 4.2% in the
South Korea group. It could be suggested that most of the subjects from both China and South Korea
think their whole figure moderate, that is, there are no significant differences between the two groups
in the whole body obesity cognition.
Fig. 2 Whole body obesity cognition
Table 2 describes the main body sizes’ means and T test analysis results of perfect figures which
subjects expect. Generally speaking, the means of the China group is higher than those of the South
Korea group in height, weight, bust size, waist and hip, especially for weight, waist and hip, there are
significant differences between the two groups. It is considered that the female university students
from South Korea have higher standard for figure than Chinese students.
Table 2 The main body sizes analysis results of perfect figures
* significant difference(p≤ 0.05);
**significant difference(p≤ 0.01;
***
significant difference(p≤ 0.001)
Comparison of self-figure satisfaction. 25 indexes were designed in the questionnaire concerning
the neck, shoulder and chest, arms, waist, hips, thighs and other parts to investigate the satisfaction to
each body part. Five-point Likert scale was used to access the satisfaction degree:dissatisfaction (1
point), less dissatisfaction (2 points), moderate (3 points), less satisfaction (4 points), satisfaction (5
points).
Table 3 shows the mean, standard deviation of average and T test analysis result. The means of
responses to each part in the China group cover the interval between 2.01 and 3.14, and all the modes
are 3. It suggests that chinese students have general contentment on their figure. In contrast, the mean
interval of the korea group is 1.92-3.37; the modes of responses are 2 in head size, upper arm
thickness, bust size, waist, belly abdomen, the height of hip, leg length, thigh thickness, height and
weight. The mode for calf thickness is 1, and others are 3. It suggests that the korean students have
higher require to their figure, and express higher unsatisfaction. T test results demonstrate that great
differences exist between the two groups in the satisfaction of body parts except for neck, shoulder
slope and nape to waist. The total value of responses to all parts is 71.36 in the chinese group and
higher than 60.45 in the korean group. It is thought that chinese female students show higher
contentment on their body shape than korean female students who have higher expectation on their
figure.
main body sizes Chinese Korean
mean Std.
deviation
mean Std. deviation T-test
height 166.71 3.11 166.53 3.24 -0.522
weight 50.15 3.77 48.73 2.91 -3.602***
Bust size 85.81 4.78 84.80 4.64 -1.637*
waist 65.61 6.44 63.65 4.81 2.446***
hip 88.32 4.36 87.25 4.94 -1.771**
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 332-334 1569
Table 3 Comparison of self-figure satisfaction
*significant difference(p≤ 0.05);
**significant difference(p≤ 0.01;
***
significant difference(p≤ 0.001)
As shown in Fig. 3, 4.4% of the China group show dissatisfaction to their whole body shape, while
23.5% of the South Korea group; subjects who regard their whole figure as “less dissatisfaction”
account for 10.9% in the China group, and 34.4% in the South Korea group; the responses of
“moderate” account for 63.8% in the China group, and 27.3% in the South Korea group; the
pecentage of "less satisfaction" responses is 19.7% in the China group and 10.9% in the South Korea
group; the "satisfaction" responses merely make up 1.3% in the China group and 3.8% in the South
Korea group. It could be suggested that most of the subjects in the chinese group are pleased with
their whole body shape, while most of the korean female college students are discontended. There are
no significant differences between the two groups in the degree of self-figure satisfaction.
Fig. 3 Degree of satisfaction to whole body shape
Comparison of dressing desire. As shown in Fig. 1, 11 various clothes were designed to investigate
the female university students’ acceptance to the styles. 11 questions were also designed in the
questionnaire reffering the high to low collar, sleeveless to long sleeve, tight to loose top, various
dress length and so on. Five-point Likert scale was used to access the acceptance:never to desire (1
point), no desire (2 points), the general (3 points), desire (4 points), strong desire (5 points.)
Table 4 shows the mean, standard deviation of average and T test analysis result. In the China
group, the mode of responses to No.004 clothes is 1, which suggests that most of chinese college
students would not like dress with wide shoulder. The mode of responses to No.008 is 4, so they tend
Body
parts
satisfaction
Chinese
Satisfaction
Korean
T-test
Body
parts
Satisfaction
Chinese
satisfaction Korean
T-test mean Std.
deviation
mean Std.
deviation
mean Std.
deviation
mean Std.
deviation
head size 3.14 0.66 2.66 1.23 5.069*** hip 3.13 0.66 2.28 1.09 8.832***
Neck
length 2.99 0.59 3.15 1.17 -1.587 the height
of hip 3.00 0.47 2.57 1.12 4.562***
neck size 2.99 0.62 3.21 1.05 -2.440 leg length 3.05 0.62 2.42 1.27 5.772***
Shoulder width
3.14 0.71 2.85 1.17 2.878** thigh thickness
3.22 0.76 1.92 1.07 13.514***
shoulder
slop 2.96 0.52 3.02 1.09 0.648 calf
thickness 3.21 0.76 2.14 1.21 10.272***
upper
arm
thickness
3.19 0.82 2.47 1.25 6.427*** Ankle
thickness 2.94 0.64 2.58 1.23 3.398***
Forearm
thickness 2.91 0.75 3.03 1.21 -1.244 nape
length 3.02 0.36 2.42 0.95 1.416
Wrist thickness
2.68 0.82 3.37 1.27 -6.452*** height 2.97 0.76 2.73 1.34 2.106*
Arm
length 3.01 0.67 3.41 1.10 -4.274*** weight 3.02 0.72 2.30 1.12 7.350***
Bust size 2.86 0.67 2.70 1.22 1.566 whole
body
shape
3.05 0.71 3.37 1.07 7.212***
Breast size
2.85 0.69 2.40 1.18 4.279*** Upper body
shape
2.98 0.73 2.57 1.09 4.179***
waist 2.97 0.83 2.62 1.17 3.185** Lower body
shape
3.12 0.68 2.14 1.11 10.560***
bulgy abdomen
2.01 0.82 2.28 1.12 -2.649* Total 71.36 60.45
1570 Advanced Textile Materials
to desire for the loose style. For No. 009, the mode is 2, so the result is “no desire” for Chinese female
college students to this bare-midriff tops. The rest modes are 3.
In the South Korea group, the mode of responses to No.001, and the rest are 4. Korean female
students would not tend to choose the clothes with high collar, but show acceptance to these styles:
deep neckline, off-the-shoulder, wide shouder, sleeveless, direct long sleeve, tight top, loose top,
bare-midriff top, overlength top and tight dress. For the chinese and korean students, there are great
disagreement on identifying the clothes styles, especially on the exposure area on the shoulder.
Table 4 Comparison of dressing desire
*significant difference(p≤ 0.05);
**significant difference(p≤ 0.01);
***
significant difference(p≤ 0.001)
Conclusions
In this study, the self-figure cognition, self-figure satisfaction and acceptance to clothes styles were
compared between chinese and korean female university students. It could be concluded as follows:
In terms of self-figure cognition, there is significant varivation between the China group and the
South Korea group in the cognition of neck size, shoulder slope, arm length, breast size, bulgy
abdomen, leg length, thigh size, the size and height of hip, and the length from neck to waist;they
basically have agreement on the cognition of the whole body obesity;especially for weight, waist
size and hip size, there are significant differences between the two groups. It is considered that the
female university students from South Korea have higher standards for figure than chinese students.
As far as the satisfaction to each body part is concerned, korean female students show higher
discontentment and require to their figure. Great differences exist between the two groups in the
satisfaction of body parts expect for neck, shoulder slope and the length from neck to waist. Most of
the subjects in the chinese group are pleased with their whole body shape, while most of the korean
female college students are discontended.
For the acceptances to clothes styles, most of chinese students would not like the styles with wide
shoulder and bare-midriff tops; korean students would haste to choose the clothes with high tight
collar; there are significant defferences between the two group in choose of styles with deep neckline,
wide shoulder, sleeveless, direct long sleeve, bare-midriff top and overlength top. It could be thought
that there are great disagreement on identifying the dress styles, especially on the exposure area on
the shoulder.
References
[1] Jae-Kyung. Yun-Ja Nam.Kueng-Mi Choi. Journal of the Korean Society of Costume. Vol.
54.No.3(2004), p. 43-51
[2] ping-Xiao. Wenbin Zhang .Knitting Industries .No.11(2007), p. 34-36.In Chinese
[3] Yun-Ja Nam.Seung-Hee Lee: Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles. Vol.
25.No.4(2001), p. 764-7
[4] Yan-Ge,Guo-Lian Liu. GUOWAI SICHOU.No.2(2005).p 19-272.In Chinese
Clothing style
(shown in Fig1)
mean((((chinese)))) mean((((Korean)))) t-test
dressing
desire
standard
deviation
dressing
desire
standard
deviation
001 high collar 2.68 1.44 2.68 1.06 000
002 deep neckline 3.16 0.89 3.49 0.85 3.439***
003 off-the-shoulder 2.70 1.06 3.31 1.16 5.328
004 dress with wide shoulder 2.11 1.05 2.331 1.12 2.114***
005 sleeveless, 2.56 1.01 3.74 3.92 4.021***
006 direct long sleeve 2.47 0.92 3.35 0.89 9.101***
007 tight top 2.77 0.87 3.76 0.81 11.618***
008 loose style. 3.60 0.90 3.69 0.90 1.041
009 bare-midriff tops 2.29 1.09 2.06 1.22 -1.999*
010 overlength top 3.34 0.91 3.64 0.82 3.372***
011 tight dress 1.95 1.04 1.97 1.05 -0.189
Advanced Materials Research Vols. 332-334 1571
Advanced Textile Materials 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.332-334 Comparison of Figure Cognition, Satisfaction and Dressing Desire between China and South Korea
Female College Students 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.332-334.1567