comparison of drift potential for venturi, extended range, and turbo flat-fan nozzles
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Comparison of Drift Potential for Venturi, Extended Range, and Turbo Flat-fan Nozzles. Robert Wolf Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept. Cathy Minihan Department of Agronomy. Nozzle is still an important part of the application process!. Determines the application rate - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Comparison of Drift Potential for Venturi, Extended Range, and Turbo
Flat-fan Nozzles
Robert Wolf Biological and Agricultural Engineering Dept.
Cathy Minihan Department of Agronomy
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Nozzle is still an important part of the application process!
Determines the application rate
Determines the uniformity Determines the coverage Determines the drift potential
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Will determine coverage: Need knowledge of the product being
used.– Systemic– Contact
What is the target?– Soil– Grass– Broadleaf (smooth, hairy, waxy)– Leaf orientation – time of day
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Will affect drift: Movement of spray
particles off-target. Creating smaller
spray drops will result in increased drift.
Is it Coverage vs Drift?
What is the answer?
$64,000 Question?
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Efficacy and Drift Potential is Influenced by:Efficacy and Drift Potential is Influenced by:
Size of the Spray Droplets -Volume Median Diameter (VMD)
Droplet Spectrum (Range - big to small)
Size of the Spray Droplets -Volume Median Diameter (VMD)
Droplet Spectrum (Range - big to small)
% Volume or Number of droplets less than 200 microns in size
% Volume or Number of droplets less than 200 microns in size
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Nozzles designed to reduce drift Improved drop size control Emphasis on ‘Spray Quality’
Nozzle Technology Today?
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Extended Range Flat-fan: Tapered edge pattern 80 and 110 degree fan Requires overlap - 50 to 60% 15-60 psi range
110°
80°
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Turbo Flat-fan Turbulence chamber as in the Turbo Flood Tapered edge, wide angle flat pattern Designed to work in flat-fan nozzle holder Uniform spray distribution, 50-60% overlap Wide pressure range, 15 – 90 psi Large, drift resistant droplets Plastic with superior wear characteristics
XR
TT
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Air/Induction – Venturi Nozzle: Greenleaf – TurboDrop Air intake venturi section Mixing Chamber - air and
spray solution blended Pattern tip forms large
air-bubble drops Required Exit tip flow 2X
venturi orifice Better Penetration? Reduced run-off? Improved coverage? Adequate efficacy? Reduced drift?
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
XR Flat-fan and Turbo Flat-fan compared to Venturi Style Nozzle5.0 MPH wind at 40 psi
XR vs TurboDrop Turbo Flat vs Turbo Drop
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
1/2 of spray volume = larger droplets1/2 of spray volume = larger droplets
VMDVMD
1/2 of spray volume = smaller droplets1/2 of spray volume = smaller droplets
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Objective of this study:
Field measure the spray droplet characteristics to evaluate the drift potential of a venturi flat-fan nozzle compared to extended range and turbo flat-fan nozzles.
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Materials and Methods:Experiments: Exp. 1 and 2 Early and Late Postemergence Grass
Exp. 3 and 4 Early and Late Postemergence Broadleaves
Location: Manhattan, KSExp. Design: 2 x 3 x 3 factorial with 4 repsPlot Size: 3 x 9 m with 1.5 m bufferCrop Oats ‘Don’(Exp. 1 and 2)Weeds Velvetleaf, pigweed, and morning glory (Exp. 3 and 4)Visual Ratings: 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment
Herbicides (2): Paraquat, 0.14 kg/haGlyphosate, 0.23 kg/ha
Application Conditions: Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Exp. 3 Exp. 4
Date: April 19, 2000 May 5, 2000 Aug. 18, 2000 Sept. 1, 2000
Oat/weed Size: 15 cm 51 cm 10 cm 21 cm Temperature: 20 C 25 C 21 C 24C R. H.: 50% 56% 75% 71% Wind: W-NW 8-10 km/h SE 5-8 km/h NE 11-19 km/h N-E 3-10 km/h
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Materials and Methods cont.:Spray Tips (3):Extended Range Flat-fan (XR)
Turbo Flat-fan (TT) Air Induction Flat-fan (AI)
Spray Volumes (3): 47 L/ha (110015 orifice tips)94 L/ha (11003 orifice tips)187 L/ha (11006 orifice
tips)
Application Ground Speed: 10 km/hSpray Pressure: 276 kPaSpray Tip Spacing: 76 cmCanopy Boom Height: 51 cm
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
DropletScan used to analyze droplets:
System ComponentsSystem Components
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
What is DropletScan ?
A software program that will allow accurate and rapid measure of spray droplet impressions on water-sensitive paper.
Developed at K-State by Devore Systems - modeled after ‘Crumbscan’, a software program to determine hole sizes in slices of bread.
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Important Droplet Statistics:
Dv0.1 (µm) - 10% of the spray volume in drops < number reported
Dv0.5 (µm) - 50% of the spray volume in drops < number reported(also is VMD- volume median diameter)
Dv0.9 (µm) - 90% of the spray volume in drops < number reported
Number of droplets under 200 microns
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Important Droplet Statistics:
Operational Area
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
XR AITT
TT
TTXR
XR
AI
AISample cards:
5 GPA
10 GPA
20 GPAAll at 40 PSI
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
All Treatments – Number of Droplets < 200 Microns
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Num
ber
of
Dro
plet
s < 2
00 M
icro
ns
110015 11003 11006
XR TT AI
5 GPA 20 GPA10 GPA
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Orifice Size Affect – Number of Droplets < 200 Microns
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Num
ber
of D
ropl
ets
< 2
00 M
icro
ns
XR TT AI
5 GPA- 015 10 GPA- 03 20 GPA- 06
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Summary of Findings - Droplet Count under 200 microns:
At 47 L/ha the extended range flat-fans nearly doubled the turbo flat-fans and created more than four times the venturi flat-fans number of droplets less than 200 microns in size.
At 94 L/ha the extended range flat-fans again nearly doubled the turbo flat-fans and more than tripled the venturi flat-fans for number of droplets created under 200 microns.
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
Summary of Findings - Droplet Count under 200 microns:
At 187 L/ha the differences showed similar trends but were not nearly as pronounced.
Increasing the application volumes for each nozzle type by increasing the nozzle orifice size also reduced the number of driftable droplets.
Venturi nozzle designs reduce the number of droplets created under 200 microns in size when compared to extended range and turbo flat-fan nozzle styles.
Kansas State University Biological and Agricultural Engineering Department
XR Flat-fan and Turbo Flat-fan compared to Venturi Style Nozzle5.0 MPH wind at 40 psi
XR vs TurboDrop Turbo Flat vs Turbo Drop