comparison and integration among different sources for determining the legal foreign population...

Comparison and integration among different sources for determining the legal foreign population stock in Italy

Costanza Giovannelli [email protected]

Joint UNECE/Eurostat

Seminar on Migration Statistics

Geneva, 21-23 March 2005

Joint UNECE-Eurostat Seminar on Migration Statistics

Contents of the presentation

Which sources are available?

Which definitions and concepts are used to produce data?



How do we calculate the resident foreign population?

How do we estimate the legal foreign population?



Are different sources comparable?

Which are the improvements to pursue?


Sources available (1)

SURVEY ON FOREIGN RESIDENT POPULATION

Population registries Yearly survey 8.100 municipalities Since 1992


Requirements to apply to the register

Usual residence in the municipality(for all citizens)

Valid residence permit

(only for extra-UE citizens)

Population Registries


Minimum duration of the permitto apply to the registry

UN Recommended Definition of long-term international migrant

(Rev.1, 1988)

Population registries


Survey on foreign resident population

OBJECT OF THE SURVEY

People with citizenship other than Italian, registered as resident

No information on place of birth


Flow data live births deaths immigrations emigrations acquisitions of citizenship



Stock dataResident foreign population at the beginning and at the end of the year

by sex by single citizenship

Resident foreign minors by sex



PROSadministrative nature of the data data at municipal level

(Local Administrative Units)

detailed flow data



CONS administrative nature of the data frequent missed de-registrations lack of information on place of birth



Survey on foreign resident population – January 2004

Males 1.012.000

Females 978.000

Total 1.990.000

% on total population 3,4

% minors on foreigners 20,7



POPULATION CENSUS

Every 10 years Resident and present population Wide availability of socio-demographic information


Population Census

CitizenshipCitizenship at birth (Italian/foreign)

Place of birth FOREIGN POPULATION

IMMIGRANT POPULATION


Population Census

Foreign population: people, born in Italy or abroad, who declare a citizenship other than the Italian one at the census

Immigrant population: people born abroad, who declare to be foreign or Italian by naturalization


Population Census

FOREIGN POPULATION BORN ABROAD

FOREIGNERS BORN IN ITALY

ITALIANS BY ACQUISITION BORN ABROAD


Population Census

FOREIGN POPULATION BORN IN ITALY

159.000

1.135.000FOREIGN POPULATION BORN ABROAD 1.176.000

ITALIANS BY ACQUISITION BORN ABROAD

271.000


Population Census

FOREIGN POPULATION BORN IN ITALY

159.000

FOREIGN POPULATION BORN ABROAD 1.176.000

1.447.000ITALIANS BY ACQUISITION BORN ABROAD

271.000


Population Census

PROS

Availability of information on birthplace and citizenship at birth

Other socio-demographic and economic characteristics


Population Census

CONS

Data available every ten years

Problems of under coverage



RESIDENCE PERMITS

Granted by Ministry of Interior, elaborated by IstatProvincial territorial reference (NUTS3)Various socio-demographic variables availableReason to stay


Residence permits

Data used to estimate stocks

Possibility also to estimate flows


Residence permits

Why do Istat elaborate residence permits data?

a. Expired permits

At the beginning of the ‘90s Ministry’s series were affected by a certain number of expired and duplicate permits


Residence permits

Why do Istat elaborate residence permits data?

b. Renewals

Long time required to grant renewals

Delays in the updating of Ministry’s electronic DB


Residence permits

To estimate the number of foreigners with a valid residence permit at the end of the year Istat process data six/eight months later with reference to the end of the year

all the renewed permits have been recorded


Residence permits

DATA ONDEC 31st

PROCESSED DEC 31st

DATA DO NOT YET INCLUDE RENEWALS

PROCESSED JUN 30th

DATA INCLUDE RENEWALS

DATA ONDEC 31st


Residence permits

Minors under 15 years of age do not hold an individual permit


Residence permits

PROS

Reason to stay

Identification of sub groups of population: students, asylum seekers

Not only residents


Residence permits

CONS

Administrative nature of data

Dissemination timing due to delays in updating Ministry’s DB

Exclusion of minors under 15 years of age

No data at municipal level (only place of domicile)


Definitions

What identifies immigrant population in Italian stock data?

CITIZENSHIP

PLACE OF BIRTH

ACQUISITION OF CITIZENSHIP

ETHNICITY


Resident foreign population

Comparison between population registries and

census

Line-up of the two population data


Differences between registries and census

concentrated in big urban municipalities

higher in the Southern regions differentiated by citizenship and sex



FOREIGN RESIDENT POPULATION AT CENSUS

UPDATED POPULATION?? UPDATED POP REGISTRIES ??

NATURAL FLOWS MIGRATION FLOWS

“CORRECTIONS” OF THE CENSUS



0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

Thousand

census - updated

population registries

21/10/2001 31/12/2003

17,1% 6,8%



Estimations: how to use residence permits data

Estimation of legal foreign population by means of residence permits

PRESENT LEGAL POPULATION+

REGISTERED MINORS



RESIDENCE PERMITS

RESIDENT POPULATION

LEGAL BUT NOT RESIDENT MINORS

CENSUS



POPULATION UPDATED FROM CENSUS

1.990.000

UNDER ESTIMATION DUE TO COVERAGE PROBLEMS AT CENSUS

PERMITS GRANTED UNDER REGULARIZATION ONLY PARTLY INCLUDED

DATA BIASED ESPECIALLY IN LARGE MUNICIPALITIES



POPULATION REGISTRIES 2.135.000

OVER ENUMERATION DUE TO MISSED DE-REGISTRATIONS

DATA BIASED ESPECIALLY IN LARGE MUNICIPALITIES



RESIDENCE PERMITS 2.193.000

PERMITS GRANTED UNDER REGULARIZATION ARE ALREADY INCLUDED

FEW MINORS INCLUDED

LEGAL POPULATION INCLUDEDEVEN IF NOT RESIDENT


Perspectives

Improvements for the survey on population registries

Proposal to register the information on the date of acquisition of Italian citizenship

Introduction in the form of the sub total of people born in Italy (II generation)


Perspectives

Unification of the administrative procedure to obtain the residence permit and to apply to the registry

Reduction of time lag between acquisition of “legal” status and of “resident” status


Perspectives

Reduction of dissemination time for Istat series on residence permits

comparison and integration among different sources for determining the legal foreign population...

Documents

migration statisticssurvey

migration statisticscontents

uneceeurostat seminar

legal foreign population

censusimmigrant population

migration statistics

data data

years resident