comparing rock and fossil records in the deep sea
TRANSCRIPT
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Comparing rock and fossil records in the deep sea
Graeme T. Lloyd, Andrew B. Smithand Jeremy R. Young
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Fossil record is our only record of the diversification of life
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Diversity correlates with rockrecord on land
Peters and Foote 2001 Smith and McGowan 2007
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An alternative record
• Calcareous microfossils such as coccolithophores have land-based and deep sea records
• i.e., two diversity records and two rock records
• What is the relationship between these records?
• How much does the rock record influence diversity patterns?
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The database• Study groups are Coccolithophores and
planktic Foraminifera• Novel compilation from North Atlantic• Compiled from 40 years ODP/DSDP
data• 64,077+ occs from 20,723+ samples• High temporal resolution (biozones)
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Deep sea species richness
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Deep sea genus richness
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Deep sea rock record
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Correlation tests
• First both time series were log-transformed• Long term test:
– Simple correlation• Short term tests:
– First differences (absolute)– Moving average differences (relative to long
term trend)• Degree (rho) and significance (p) of
correlations determined using Spearman rank
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Deep sea long-term correlation
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Deep sea short-term correlation I
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Deep sea short-term correlation I
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Deep sea short-term correlation II
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Deep sea short-term correlation II
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Modeling
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Modeling results
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Modeling results
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Subsampling
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Subsampling results
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Conclusions
• Deep sea diversity curve largely explicable by sampling
• Apparent rise in nannofossil diversity to present strongly associated with rise in sampling
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The other side of the story
• What about the land-based record for the same groups?
• Sampling strategy based on distribution charts from primary literature
• Rock record measure is number of localities
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Two rock records
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Two fossil records
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Summary
• Both land and sea have measurable rock biases that follow different trajectories over geological time
• Will allow a clear and explicit test of how important a role these play in shaping our fossil record