comparative experiments for concentration and tracking in photovoltaic power generation

Comparative experiments for Concentration and Tracking Comparative experiments for Concentration and Tracking in Photovoltaic Power Generationin Photovoltaic Power Generation

2005. 10. 7

Hyun-Kyung OhKorea Maritime University

Hyun-Kyung OhKorea Maritime University

Ⅰ. Background & ObjectivesⅠ. Background & Objectives

Ⅱ. Configuration of experimental System Ⅱ. Configuration of experimental System

Ⅲ. Analysis of experimental resultsⅢ. Analysis of experimental results

Ⅳ. Conclusion and Future Study Ⅳ. Conclusion and Future Study

ContentsContents

Background & ObjectiveBackground & Objective

Environmental agreement more than 150 countries helps to reduce gas emission that are suspected to be the cause of global warming.

The Kyoto Protocol entered into force on 16th Feb. 2005.

Joint implementation of Korea was postponed up to 2012 year, but amount of CO2 emission as of 2002 is 1.87% of world

A plan to diffuse 10 thousands of sun roofs which is 3kW grid connected PV power generation until 2006 year

Substitute 5% of total nation’s energy with

alternative energy until 2011 year

The Kyoto protocol & it’s effectsThe Kyoto protocol & it’s effects

Korean government :Korean government :


Supports 250 billion Won during 5 years from May of 2004 in the fields of alternative energy resource like fuel cell, wind force and PV and to develop technology of 5 million Won per kW of PV until 2012 year

Nation/Year 1989 1992 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

U.S.A. 14 18 54 61 75 100 120 104

EU 8 16 34 40 61 171 135 190

Japan 14 19 49 80 128 86 251 364

Others 4 4 18 20 23 33 56 84

Total(MWp)

40 57 155 201 287 391 562 742

Source: PV News

Market of PVMarket of PV


Month Power generated[ WH] Total Power generated

PV-1(230,30) PV-2(180,30) PV-3(180,50)

1 92,341 96,211 83,576 272,128

2 98,248 105,841 84,987 289,076

3 100,511 109,103 92,629 302,243

4 106,156 114,157 94,461 314,774

5 104,704 109,051 90,968 304,723

6 116,540 123,242 91,622 331,404

7 89,152 98,813 74,743 262,708

8 74,061 83,458 61,850 219,369

9 98,357 119,977 78,039 296,373

10 111,286 127,062 88,195 326,543

11 94,516 111,677 76,294 282,487

12 82,124 91,201 72,891 246,216

Total 1,167,995 1,289,791 965,255 3,448,044

In Chosun University from 2001 during 2 years, 3 kW grid connected PV system.Solar modules into three groups with each 1 kW, 20 sheets of solar modules.

Operating results of Chosun University systemOperating results of Chosun University systemazimuth

angletilting angle

Spring time is clear and sunnyTilting angle is more important than azimuth angle and

spring time is better season for PV power generation.


• Cost of PV module is over 70% of total solar gCost of PV module is over 70% of total solar generation plant cost.eneration plant cost.

• To reduce cost per kW To reduce cost per kW Increasing the efficiency of PV (Now 15 to 18%

efficiency) and reduce PV cost with mass production

System optimization including grid connected inverter Efficient methodology like concentration, tracking of sun and Efficient methodology like concentration, tracking of sun and

systemsystem


Efficiency changes by concentration Current changes by concentration

Spectrolab Inc. USASpectrolab Inc. USA

Configuration of SystemConfiguration of System

Item symbol Specification

Nominal Peak Power Wp 75 W

Maximum Power Voltage Vmpp 17.6 V

Maximum Power Current Impp 4.26 A

Solar Cell Efficiency c 13.4 %

Module Efficency m 11.7 %

Electrical Values Under Standard Conditions

1000W/m2, 25oC,1.5 AM

Length*Width*Height L*W*H 1195 *535*35mm

Weight M 9 kg

Operating temperature -40 ~ 90 oC

Storage temperature -40 ~ 90 oC

Maximum system Volatage DC 600 V

Specification of PV ModuleSpecification of PV Module


System I•Fixed to south direction and 35 degree tilting angle•No Cooling system

System II• Concentration and trackable solar module• With Cooling system

Fixed solar module and concentrating solar moduleFixed solar module and concentrating solar module


Data Aqusition system Collect voltage, current and temperature in every 5 sec. of system I and II Remote Monitoring system

Display data on monitor and save to database and file in every 1 min.

Schematic diagram of experimentSchematic diagram of experiment


System ISystem II

Monitor display of PV systemMonitor display of PV system

Date : 29th Aug. 2005Weather : In the morning(Clean sky),Afternoon(Clound 30%)System I no cooling, System II cooling

Analysis of experimental resultsAnalysis of experimental results

0

15

30

45

60

75

90

06:41 07:41 08:41 09:41 10:41 11:41 12:41 13:41 14:41 15:41 16:41 17:41

TIME

Po

wer[

W]

System ISystem II

System I depend on light and kaleidoscopic change

System II generate steady good quality of power even though

thin cloudy day .

Generated power of System I and System II during a dayGenerated power of System I and System II during a day

System II generate about 90% of rating power and steady right after sunrise


0

12

24

36

48

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72

06:41 07:41 08:41 09:41 10:41 11:41 12:41 13:41 14:41 15:41 16:41 17:41

TIME

Tem

pera

ture

['C

]

System ISystem II

Temperature changes of system I and System II during a Temperature changes of system I and System II during a dayday

Temperature of System II is Similar with System I due to Expended tube fin type cooling system, efficiency of cooling is not good


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00

TIME

Per

cen

tag

e

System ISystem II

Mid day two systems are similar but System II shows better result until

sunset

Comparison of practical usage of solar radiationComparison of practical usage of solar radiation

System II use over 30% of solar radiation in the

morning


0

20

40

60

80

07:00 08:03 09:05 10:07 11:28 12:34 13:36 14:38 15:39 16:43 17:46

Time

Pow

er[w

]

System ISysytem II

3 times Concentration3 times Concentration

Date : 29th Sep. 2005Weather : In the morning(Cloud 70%),Afternoon(Clean sky)System I no cooling, System II cooling


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

07:00 08:03 09:05 10:07 11:28 12:34 13:36 14:38 15:39 16:43 17:46

Time

Tem

pera

ture

['c]

System ISystem II

3 times Concentration3 times Concentration

Analysis of experimental resultsAnalysis of experimental results3 times Concentration3 times Concentration

0%

15%

30%

45%

60%

7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00

TIME

Perc

enta

ge

System ISystem II

Conclusion & Future StudyConclusion & Future Study

• According to coming force of Kyoto protocol there are too much concerning about clean energy.

• Concentration and tracking system can reduce cost per kW effectively in PV generation.

• 3 times concentration system can be applied without additional cooling system.

• If cooling heat can be recycled , combination system of solar heat and power is more effective.

• Tracking system is available because tilting angle affect to the efficiency of PV .

• Practical studies of grid connected concentration and tracking PV generation system are needed in near future.

comparative experiments for concentration and tracking in photovoltaic power generation

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