comparative construction ii
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Comparative Construction II. 2 nd sem. 1433/1434 - Spring 2013 #2 - Punctuation. Punctuation. 1. When to use a period? At the end of a sentence After an initial After an abbreviation As a decimal point After each number in a list. !. 2. When to use an exclamation mark? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Comparative Construction II2nd sem. 1433/1434 - Spring 2013
#2 - Punctuation
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Punctuation
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.1. When to use a period?
•At the end of a sentence•After an initial•After an abbreviation•As a decimal point•After each number in a list
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!2. When to use an exclamation mark?
•At the end of a sentence, phrase, or word that indicates strong emotion
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?3. When to use a question mark?
•At the end of a question•At the end of a declarative statement that is meant to be a question
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,4. When to use a comma?
•After each item in a series of at least three items•After the street address and city in an address•After the day and the year in a date•After every 3 digits in large numbers (exception: years)•To set off interruptions in a sentence
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•To separate 2 or more adjectives modifying the same noun
•After introductory clauses•Before the conjunction in a compound
sentence (exception: if the clauses are too short, no need to use a comma)
•In quotes, to the left of the quotation marks
•After interjections like oh or well
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•After a noun in direct address•After the greeting in personal letters•After the closing in letters•If a pause is necessary to avoid confusion•To set off abbreviations like etc., e.g., and
i.e.
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;5. When to use a semicolon?
•To join two independent clauses (no comma and conjunction are necessary)•To separate items in a series when they contain punctuation, such as commas
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:6. When to use a colon?
•Between hours and minutes•To introduce a list after an independent clause•After the greeting in business/professional letters•Between the title and the subtitle of a book•To introduce a long quotation
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’7. When to use an apostrophe?
•In contractions•When leaving out the first two numbers of a year•To show possession
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“ ”
8. When to use quotation marks?
•Before and after a direct quote•Around words, letters, or symbols that are slang or being used in a special way•Use single quotation marks for quotation marks within quotations•Around titles of some works
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…9. When to use ellipses?
•To indicate a pause•To indicate omitted words in a quotation
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-10. When to use a hyphen?
•In compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine•Between the numbers in a fraction•In some compound words•In compound adjectives•To join a capital letter to a word•At the end of the line, when dividing words
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) (11. When to use parentheses?
•Around a word/phrase that adds information•No parentheses within parentheses - use brackets instead of the inner ones•After, or before and after numbers or letters in text to list items
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[ ]12. When to use brackets?
•Around words you add to a quote•Around words within parenthesized material
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Underlining/Italics13. When to use underlining or italics (preferred)?
•Foreign words•Words/numbers/letters used in a special way
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الترقيم عالمات
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)) ((التنصيص؟. 1 عالمات نستخدم متى
االقتباس • عندوالمقاالت • الكتب عناوينلفظ • أو كلمة مناقشة عند
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) (للحصر؟. 2 األقواس نستخدم متى
معلومات ) • توفير أي لها سابق عام معنى لتحديدإضافية(
لها • سابق غامض معنى لشرحلها • سابقة لجملة للتمثيلالكالم • وسط في مرجع إلى لإلشارةمحددة • لعبارة االنتباه للفت
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…الحذف؟. 3 عالمة نستخدم متى
االقتباس • من أكثر أو لفظ إسقاظ على للداللة
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-الشرطة؟. 4 نستخدم متى
االعتراضية • الجملة لحصرالشرح • على للداللةاإلضافة • على للداللةبالنقاط • التعداد عند
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،الفاصلة؟. 5 نستخدم متى
عبارات • أو مفردات من المعطوفات بينبعضها • على المعطوفة الجمل بين•/ القصيرة الصغيرة الجمل بينالمنادى • بعدالجملة • أول في الجواب حرف بعدالجملة ال• أركان بين توضع
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؛المنقوطة؟. 6 الفاصلة نستخدم متى
المعنى • في عالقة لهما جملتين بينالسببية • فاء تربطهما جملتين بين
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.النقطة؟. 7 نستخدم متى
الجملة • انتهاء عند
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:
الرأسيتان؟. 8 النقطتان نستخدم متى
تجزيء • أو لتفسير للتنبية• _ حرفيا الكالم لنقل
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؟االستفهام؟. 9 عالمة نستخدم متى
السؤال • نهاية في
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!التعجب؟. 10 عالمة نستخدم متى
انفعال • أو تعجب صيغة أي بعد
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References
•http://www.kimskorner4teachertalk.com/writing/sixtrait/conventions/punctuation.html
•Ghazala, H. (2003). Translation as problems and solutions: A coursebook for university students and trainee translators (5th ed.). Beirut: Dar wa Maktabat Al-Hilal.