comparative capitalisms and comparative human resource management chris brewster london south bank...
TRANSCRIPT
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Comparative Capitalisms and Comparative Human Resource Management
Chris Brewster
London South Bank University
22 October 2013
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Outline
• The notion of Human Resource Management (HRM)
• Strategic HRM • Some HRM concepts• Comparative Capitalisms• Comparative HRM• Conclusions/ Discussion
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Figure 2.1 The Harvard Approach The Harvard Approach Source: Beer et al. (1984), Figure 2-1, p.16, Map of the HRM Territory.
HRM Policy Choices Employee influence Human resource flow Reward systems Work systems
HR Outcomes Commitment Competence Congruence Cost effectiveness
Long-term Consequences Individual well-being Organizational effectiveness Societal well-being
Stakeholder Interests Shareholders Management Employee groups Government Community Unions
Situational Factors Work force characteristics Business strategy and conditions Management philosophy Labor market Unions Task technology Laws and societal values
Human Resource Management...
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Figure 2.1 The Harvard Approach Source: Beer et al. (1984), Figure 2-1, p.16, Map of the HRM Territory.
HRM Policy Choices Employee influence Human resource flow Reward systems Work systems
HR Outcomes Commitment Competence Congruence Cost effectiveness
Long-term Consequences Individual well-being Organizational effectiveness Societal well-being
Stakeholder Interests Shareholders Management Employee groups Government Community Unions
Situational Factors Work force characteristics Business strategy and conditions Management philosophy Labor market Unions Task technology Laws and societal values
Strategic HRM...
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Concept 1: Universalist vs Contextual Paradigms
• the Universalistic paradigm– theory– methodology
• the Contextual paradigm– theory– methodology
• other paradigms
Brewster, C. (1999)
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The Harvard Approach Source: Beer et al. (1984), Figure 2-1, p.16, Map of the HRM Territory.
HRM Policy Choices Employee influence Human resource flow Reward systems Work systems
HR Outcomes Commitment Competence Congruence Cost effectiveness
Long-term Consequences Individual well-being Organizational effectiveness Societal well-being
Stakeholder Interests Shareholders Management Employee groups Government Community Unions
Situational Factors Work force characteristics Business strategy and conditions Management philosophy Labor market Unions Task technology Laws and societal values
The Past...Back to the Future?
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Comparative HRM: part of the answer…
Different countries, different…
• HRM policies and practices
• Definitions of HRM• Definitions of “good”
HRM• Stakeholders• Explanations• Outcomes
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Concept 2. Cultural vs Institutional explanations
• the Institutional explanation• the Cultural explanation • the meaning of words
Brewster, C., (2004)
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Explanations
(Cultures)• Institutions
– Law– Politics– Business systems– Structure, history, education systems, labour
market, technology, wealth, etc…
• Varieties of Capitalism
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Cultural vs Institutional explanations of differences
• the Cultural explanation • the Institutional explanation
– neo-institutionalism;– legal systems; – political systems;– VoC;
• the meaning of words
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neo-institutionalism
The power of Isomorphism…• Coercive• Mimetic• Normative
To establish efficiency and legitimacy
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legal systems
• Common Law• Constitutional Law
La Porta et al, various
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political systems• Majoritarian• ProportionalPagano and Vulpin 2005
• Left• RightRoe (2003)
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Varieties of Capitalism
• Liberal Market Economies• Co-ordinated Market EconomiesHall and Soskice, 2001
Nordic economies (Flexicurity states)
Mediterranean economies
Transitional Economies (CEE)Whitley, 1999; Amable, 2003;
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Varieties of Capitalism
• and what about:– Communist/Capitalist states?– Transition states?– African states?– Latin American states?
Jackson and Deeg 2006
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Concept 3.Globalisation and the impact of MNCs
• Local organisations• Foreign MNCs• Local MNCs
Farndale, Brewster and Poutsma (2008)
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Findings
• MNCs are different• But not very different• National recipes still prevail
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Concept 4. Convergence and Divergence
• Convergent pressures:– Globalisation– European Union
• Kinds of convergence• Divergent pressures
Mayrhofer, W., Brewster, C., Morley, M. and Ledolter, J. (2011)
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Findings on Convergence
Common trends in the expertise and centralisation of the department
Common trends in practice: recruiting, individualisation, increased information, pay systems
No common trends in size of department or in T&D
NO EVIDENCE OF FINAL CONVERGENCE
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So, what does this mean?
• Similar trends do not mean countries are getting more alike in the way they manage their HRM
• Implications for practice: – HRM practices linked to high
performance in one country might be useless or detrimental in another; so there is no “one-size-fits-all”; principles not systems and procedures
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And so what…?
Need to:• challenge the assumption that what is
good for short-term management requirements is “Good”
• to be more critical in our research and teaching– Wider range of stakeholders; longer-term
thinking
• “best fit” and not “best practice”• more internationally and comparatively
aware
There’s a “new” agenda – and a lot to do…
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Comparative Capitalisms and [email protected]
(if you have been)Thank you for listening…
Questions, comments, discussion…?
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Example Publications (i)
Books:• Brewster, C. and Mayrhofer, W. (2012) A Handbook of
Research on Comparative Human Resource Management, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar
• Brewster, C., Carey, L., Dowling, P., Grobler, P., Holland, P. and Warnich, S. (2012) Contemporary Issues in Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage, (4th edition) Oxford University Press, South Africa, Cape Town
• Brewster, C. Sparrow, P., Vernon. G. and Houldsworth, L. (2011) International Human Resource Management. (3rd edition), CIPD, Wimbledon
• Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. and Morley, M., (eds) (2004) Human Resource Management in Europe: Evidence of Convergence? Butterworth Heinemann, London
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Example Publications (ii)
Articles:• Goergen, M., Brewster, C. and Wood, G.T., (2013). The Effects of the
National Setting on Employment Practice: the Case of Downsizing International Business Review 22 (6): 1051-1067
• Brewster, C., Brookes, M., Johnson, P. and Wood, G. (2013) Direct Involvement, Partnership and Setting: A Study in Bounded Diversity International Journal of Human Resource Management
• Goergen, M., Brewster,C., Wood, G.T. and Wilkinson, A ( 2012) Varieties of capitalism and investments in human capital Industrial Relations 51 (2): 501-527
• Croucher, R., Wood, G., Brewster, C. and Brookes, M.(2012) Employee turnover, HRM and institutional contexts Economic and Industrial Democracy 33 (4) 605-620
• Mayrhofer, W., Brewster, C., Morley, M. and Ledolter, J. (2011) Hearing a Different drummer? Evidence of convergence in European HRM Human Resource Management Review 21 (1): 50-67
• Wood, G.T., Croucher, C., Brewster, C., Collings, G.C. and Brooks, M. (2009) Varieties of Firm: complementarity and bounded diversity. Journal of Economic Issues 43 (1): 241-260
• Farndale, E., Brewster, C. and Poutsma, E. (2008) Coordinated vs. liberal market HRM: the impact of institutionalisation on multinational firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management 19 (11): 2004-2023
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Example Publications (iii)
• Brewster, C., Wood, G. and Brookes, M. (2008) Similarity, Isomorphism or Duality: recent survey evidence on the HRM policies of Multinational Corporations British Journal of Management 19 (4): 320-342
• Farndale, E., Brewster, C. and Poutsma, E. (2008) Coordinated vs. liberal market HRM: the impact of institutionalisation on multinational firms. International Journal of Human Resource Management 19 (11): 2004-2023
• Brewster, C., Wood, G. and Brookes, M. (2008) Similarity, Isomorphism or Duality: recent survey evidence on the HRM policies of Multinational Corporations British Journal of Management 19 (4): 320-342
• Johnson, P., Wood, G.T., Brookes, M. and Brewster, C. The Rise of Post-bureaucracy:Theorists' Fancy or Organizational Praxis? International Sociology 24 (1): 37-61
• Brewster, C., Wood, G., Brookes, M. and van Ommeren, J. (2006) “What Determines the Size of the HR Function?: a cross-national analysis” Human Resource Management, 45(1):3-21
• Brookes, M., Brewster, C. and Wood, G., (2005) “Social Relations, Firms And Societies: A Study Of Institutional Embeddedness” International Sociology, 20(4): 403-426
• Mayrhofer, W. and Brewster, C. (2005) “European Human Resource Management: researching developments over time” Management Revue 16, (1): 36-62