comp3 unit3 lecture slides
TRANSCRIPT
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Terminology in Healthcare and Public Health Settings
Musculoskeletal System
This material Comp3_Unit3 was developed by The University of Alabama Birmingham, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number
1U24OC000023
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Musculoskeletal SystemLearning Objectives
• Define, understand and correctly pronounce medical terms related to the musculoskeletal system
• Describe common diseases and conditions with an overview of various treatments related to the musculoskeletal system
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Musculoskeletal System Overview
• Muscular components– Muscles
• Skeletal components– Bones of the skeleton– Joints
Source: (MedlinePlus, 2011)
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Musculoskeletal System
• Functions– Internal framework of body– Supports body– Protects internal organs– Produces body movement
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Musculoskeletal System
• Bones are connected to each other to form the skeleton– Framework for the body– 206 bones
• Joints– Places where two bones meet– Held together by ligaments– Give flexibility to skeleton
• Muscles are connected to the skeleton 5Health IT Workforce Curriculum
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Myopathy
• Can cause weakness, pain or even paralysis • Some causes include
– Injury or overuse, such as sprains or strains, cramps or tendinitis
– Genetics, such as muscular dystrophy – Some cancers – Inflammation– Diseases of nerves that affect muscles – Infections – Certain medicines
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Myositis
• Inflammation of your skeletal muscles• Common causes: injury, infection or
autoimmune disease– Polymyositis
– muscle weakness, usually in the muscles closest to the trunk of your body
– Dermatomyositis– muscle weakness, plus a skin rash
– Both diseases are usually treated with prednisone, a steroid medicine, and sometimes other medicines
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Myositis• Diagnosing – complicated and lengthy
• Conventional blood tests• Muscle and skin biopsies
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Myositis• Diagnosing – complicated and lengthy
• Conventional blood tests• Muscle and skin biopsies• Electro-diagnostic tests• Antibody testing
• Treatment– Varies from patient to patient– Combination of drugs, physical therapy,
dietary supplements
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Muscular Dystrophy
• Causes muscle weakness and muscle loss• Some forms appear in infancy or childhood, while
others may not appear until middle age or later• Muscles get weaker over time• Ability to walk lost• No cure• Treatments
• Physical and speech therapy• Orthopedic devices • Surgery • Medications
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Muscular System Combining Forms
Word Part Meaning Sample TermMuscul/o Muscle Muscular
My/o Muscle Myopathy
Myocardi/o Heart muscle Myocardium
Tend/o Tendon Tenoplasty
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The Spinal (Vertebral) Column
• Divided into five sections– Cervical – Thoracic – Lumbar – Sacrum – Coccyx
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(Author: LadyofHats)
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Upper Extremity
• Arm• Consists of:
– Humerus – upper arm– Ulna – part of forearm– Radius – part of forearm– Carpals – wrist bones– Metacarpals – hand bones– Phalanges – finger bones
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Lower Extremity
• Leg• Consists of:
– Femur – thigh bone– Patella – knee cap – Tibia – shin bone– Fibula – lower leg bone– Tarsals – ankle bones – Metatarsals – foot bones– Phalanges – toe bones
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Fractures
• Types of fractures– Open or compound fracture– Closed facture – Stress fracture
• Common causes – Car accidents – Falls – Sports injuries– Osteoporosis, which causes weakening of the bones
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Fracture Symptoms
• Misshapen limb or joint • Swelling, bruising or bleeding • Intense pain • Numbness and tingling• Limited mobility
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Arthritis
• Joint inflammation • Often used to refer to any disorder that affects the joints• Characterized by
– Pain– Swelling– Inflammation– Stiffness
• Types– Osteoarthritis– Rheumatoid– Juvenile rheumatoid– Infectious arthritis
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Osteoporosis
• Makes your bones weak and more likely to break
• Common in older women • Risk factors include
– Getting older – Being small and thin – Having a family history of osteoporosis – Taking certain medicines – Being a white or Asian woman – Having osteopenia (low bone mass)
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Preventing, Stopping or Slowing Osteoporosis
• Calcium• Vitamin D• Exercise• Medications
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Skeletal System Combining Forms
Word Part Meaning Sample TermArthr/o Joint Arthritis
Carp/o Wrist Carpal
Cervic/o Neck Cervical
Crani/o Skull Craniotomy
Oste/o Bone Osteopathy
Thorac/o Chest Thoracic
Vertebr/o Vertebra Intervertebral
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Tell me, Detective . . .
• Mary is an 84-year-old white female. She recently fell and fractured her femur. The doctor ordered a test which showed loss of bone density. This fracture was probably due to:– Stress– Arthritis– Osteoporosis
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Musculoskeletal System Summary
• Define, understand and pronounce medical terms
• Describe common diseases and conditions
• Describe laboratory and diagnostic procedures
• Identify procedures and medications
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The material in this unit was adapted from MedlinePlus. For additional information on content covered in this unit, please visit:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonesjointsandmuscles.html/
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Musculoskeletal SystemReferences
References•MedlinePlus [Internet]. Bones, joints and muscles. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); [updated 2011 Jul 27]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonesjointsandmuscles.html/
ImagesSlide 3: Available From: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/bonesjointsandmuscles.html Slide 4: Available From: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muscles_anterior.png Slide 12, 13, 14: Author: LadyofHats Available From: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_skeleton_front_en.svg
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