11

Community Community Relations & Relations & Community Community

PolicingPolicing

““Looking Good Looking Good

Or Or

Doing Good”Doing Good”

22

Community RelationsCommunity Relations or or

Community PolicingCommunity Policing

What is the difference What is the difference between Community between Community Relations and Relations and Community Policing?Community Policing?

33

Police Police Community Community RelationsRelations

Benefits and ProblemsBenefits and Problems

44

Benefits of Good Benefits of Good Police-Community Police-Community

RelationsRelations Greater CooperationGreater Cooperation Decreases in Crime & Decreases in Crime &

DelinquencyDelinquency More Effective More Effective

EnforcementEnforcement Better CommunicationsBetter Communications Better Police RecruitmentBetter Police Recruitment More ResourcesMore Resources Higher SalariesHigher Salaries

55

Problem Aspects of Problem Aspects of Police-Community Police-Community

Relations ProgramsRelations Programs Projecting a positive Projecting a positive

imageimage Irregular contact with Irregular contact with

citizenscitizens Isolated acceptance of Isolated acceptance of

PCR unitPCR unit Limited influence and Limited influence and

respect for officersrespect for officers Focus on strained relations Focus on strained relations

& crime prevention& crime prevention

66

Problem Aspects of Police-Problem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Community Relations

Programs (cont)Programs (cont)

Advice on crime Advice on crime prevention from PCR onlyprevention from PCR only

Police accountability by Police accountability by civilian review boardscivilian review boards

Chief reacts only to law Chief reacts only to law enforcement concerns enforcement concerns

Officers focus on racial & Officers focus on racial & ethnic tensionethnic tension

77

Problem Aspects of Police-Problem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Programs Community Relations Programs

(cont)(cont)

Cordial relationship, but superficial Cordial relationship, but superficial trusttrust

Intermittent contact with the publicIntermittent contact with the public

Officer seldom seen “on the streets”Officer seldom seen “on the streets”

Officer is viewed as an “outsider”Officer is viewed as an “outsider”

Citizens do not get to know officersCitizens do not get to know officers

Influence is from “the top down”Influence is from “the top down”

88

Problem Aspects of Police-Problem Aspects of Police-Community Relations Programs Community Relations Programs

(cont)(cont)

No fundamental organizational No fundamental organizational changechange

Citizens are encouraged to Citizens are encouraged to volunteer volunteer

Service providers stay in Service providers stay in traditional rolestraditional roles

Success by traditional measuresSuccess by traditional measures—i.e., crime rates.—i.e., crime rates.

Most staff members are sworn Most staff members are sworn personnelpersonnel

99

Community Community PolicingPolicing

Aspects and Aspects and CharacteristicsCharacteristics

1010

Three Dimensions of Three Dimensions of Community PolicingCommunity Policing

PhilosophicalPhilosophical

StrategicStrategic

ProgrammaticProgrammatic

1111

Philosophical Philosophical Dimensions of Dimensions of

Community PolicingCommunity Policing Broad Police Broad Police FunctionFunction

Citizen InputCitizen Input

Neighborhood Neighborhood VariationVariation

1212

Strategic Dimensions Strategic Dimensions of Community of Community

PolicingPolicing Geographical Geographical FocusFocus

Prevention FocusPrevention Focus

Substantive Substantive FocusFocus

1313

Programmatic Programmatic Dimensions of Dimensions of

Community PolicingCommunity Policing Reoriented Police Reoriented Police OperationsOperations

Problem Solving Problem Solving & Crime Prevention& Crime Prevention

Community Community EngagementEngagement

1414

Three forms of Crime Three forms of Crime PreventionPrevention

PrimaryPrimary

SecondarySecondary

TertiaryTertiary

1515

Primary Crime Primary Crime PreventionPrevention

Environmental DesignEnvironmental Design

Neighborhood Neighborhood WatchesWatches

General DeterrenceGeneral Deterrence

Public EducationPublic Education

Private SecurityPrivate Security

1616

Secondary Crime Secondary Crime PreventionPrevention

Identification and Predication

Crime Area Analysis

Diversion

Schools

Youth Programs

1717

Tertiary Crime Tertiary Crime PreventionPrevention

Specific Deterrence

Incapacitation

Rehabilitation and Treatment

1818

Components of Components of Community PolicingCommunity Policing

Solve problems; improved Solve problems; improved relations with citizensrelations with citizens

Regular contact between Regular contact between officers and citizensofficers and citizens

A department-wide philosophy A department-wide philosophy and acceptanceand acceptance

Internal and external influence Internal and external influence and respect for officersand respect for officers

Well defined role—both Well defined role—both proactive and reactive policingproactive and reactive policing

Officers take complaints and Officers take complaints and give crime prevention tipsgive crime prevention tips

1919

Components of Community Components of Community Policing (cont)Policing (cont)

Citizens cooperate in setting up Citizens cooperate in setting up the police agendathe police agenda

Police accountability is ensured Police accountability is ensured by citizens by citizens

Officer is the leader in the Officer is the leader in the neighborhood neighborhood

Chief has law enforcement and Chief has law enforcement and social services concernssocial services concerns

Officers educate public about Officers educate public about issuesissues

Increased trust between the Increased trust between the police and citizens police and citizens

2020

Characteristics of Characteristics of Community PolicingCommunity Policing

Long-term, regular contact with Long-term, regular contact with citizenscitizens

Officer is accessible Officer is accessible

Regular visibility in the Regular visibility in the neighborhoodneighborhood

Officer is viewed as having a “stake Officer is viewed as having a “stake in the community”in the community”

Officer is a role model Officer is a role model

Influence is from “the bottom up”Influence is from “the bottom up”

Meaningful organizational changeMeaningful organizational change

2121

Characteristics of Characteristics of Community Policing (cont)Community Policing (cont)

Informal social control is the Informal social control is the first choicefirst choice

Officer encourages citizens to Officer encourages citizens to volunteer volunteer

Officer encourages service Officer encourages service providers in problem solvingproviders in problem solving

Officer mobilizes all Officer mobilizes all community resourcescommunity resources

Success is reductions in fear, Success is reductions in fear, disorder, and crimedisorder, and crime