community radio continuous improvment...

Community Radio Continuous Improvment toolkits

CEMCA

KwgDwbwU †iwWI Kw›UwbDqvm B¤úªyf‡g›U UzjwKU 01

KwgDwbwU †iwWI Kw›UwbDqvm B¤úªyf‡g›U UzjwKU02 KwgDwbwU †iwWI Kw›UwbDqvm B¤úªyf‡g›U UzjwKU 03

m~wPcÎ

gyLeÜ 04

evsjv‡`k †cÖÿvcU 05

kãwe¯Ívi 06

1. f~wgKv I cUf~wg 07

1.1. evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U wmAvi-wmAvBwUÕi eënvi

1.2. aviYvMZ KvVv‡gv

1.2.1. avivevwnK Dbœqb

1.2.2. mnwk¶v I AbykxjbKvix KwgDwbwU

1.2.3. CR-CIT-i Dcv`vb mg~n

1.3. M„nxZ c×wZ

2. AvZ¥g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb (Peer Review) cÖwµqv 13

2.1. Avcbvi UzjwKU‡K Rvbyb

2.1.1. CR-CIT Kx?

2.1.2. CR-CIT †K eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e?

2.1.3. †Kb GB CR-CIT?

2.1.4. KLb GB CR-CIT eënvi Kiv n‡e?

2. 2. AvZ¥g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv: av‡c av‡c

2.2.1. mn-g~j¨vqbKvix‡ì f~wgKv

2.2.2. †hfv‡e cÖwµqv ïiæ

2.3. KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb ch©v‡q CR-CIT cÖ‡qv‡Mi †PKwj÷

3. eënviwewa 19

3.1. DcKiY ˆZwi I Abyôvb wbg©vY

3.2. bxwZ I wb‡`©wkKv

3.3. †¯^”Qv‡meK

3.4. cªhyw³: cÖ‡ek/AwfMg¨Zv I eë¯’vcbv

3.5. m¤cÖPvi gvb

3.6. wbR¯^ kvmb/cwiPvjb eë¯’v

3.7. Awf‡hvM I gZvgZ

3.8. Abyôvb DcKiY ev Z_¨ wewbgq I †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb|

3.9. ivR¯^ AvniY Ges Avw_©K ¯^”QZv

4. UyjwKU 31

KwgDwbwU †iwWI KbwUwbDqvm B¤úªyf‡g›U UzjwKU [ms¯‹iY-2]

cÖYq‡b

BD‡b‡¯‹v †Pqvi Ab KwgDwbwU wgwWqv, nvq`ªvev` wek¦we`¨vjq, fviZ

g~j iPwqZv

we‡bv` cv‡fivjv

KvÂb †K. gwjøK

fvmywK †ejvfvw`

Avw`Z¨ †`keÜz

cÖxwZ iNybv_

evsjv‡`k ms¯‹iY cÖYqb

evsjv‡`k GbwRIm †bUIqvK© di †iwWI GÛ KwgDwb‡Kkb (weGbGbAviwm)

evsjv ms¯‹iY m¤úv`bv

cÖwZfv e¨vbvR©x

ˆmq` Kvgiæj nvmvb

g~j UzjwKU cÖYq‡b Avw_©K mnvqZv

KgbI‡qj_ GWz‡Kkbvj wgwWqv †m›Uvi di Gwkqv (†mgKv)

evsjv‡`k ms¯‹i‡Y mnvqZv

†mgKv, d«x †cÖm Avbwjwg‡UW I BD‡ivcxqvb BDwbqb

cÖKvkKvj

†gÕ2015

cÖKvkK

evsjv‡`k GbwRIm †bUIqvK© di

†iwWI GÛ KwgDwb‡Kkb (weGbGbAviwm)

evwo: 13/3, moK: 2, k¨vgjx, XvKv-1207|

†dvb: +88 02 9130750, 9138501, 9101479

d¨v·: +88 02 9138501-105

B‡gBj: [email protected]‡qe: www.bnnrc.net

bKkv I gy ªY

†iWjvBb


Abbreviations

AIR : All India Radio.AMARC : World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters.BECIL : Broadcast Engineering Consultants India Limited.CoP : Community of Practice.CR : Community Radio.CR-CIT : Community Radio Continuous Improvement Toolkit.CRMC : Community Radio Management Committee.CRS : Community Radio Station.LOI : Letters of Intent. MGNREGA : Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.MIB : Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.NGO : Non-Government Organization.UNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scienti�ic and Cultural Organization.UNICEF : United Nations Children’s Fund.

f~wgKv I cUf~wg

1


1.1: evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U wmAvi-wmAvBwUÕi eënvi

evsjv‡`k GbwRIÕm †bUIqvK© di †iwWI GÛ KwgDwb‡Kkb (weGbGbAviwm) weMZ 2000 mvj †_‡K evsjv‡`‡k

MÖvgxb Rbc‡` emevmiZ Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ Dbœqbg~jK Z_¨ I Ávb wewbg‡qi cvkvcvwk, miKvix I ‡emiKvix †mev

Z_¨mn RxebNwbô hveZxq Z_¨ RbM‡Yi gv‡S mnR‡eva¨ fvlvq cÖPv‡ii j‡¶¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI Pvjy Kivi Rb¨

miKv‡ii mv‡_ A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K‡i G‡m‡Q|

ZviB avivevwnKZvq eZ©gv‡b Pjgvb 16wU KwgDwbwU †iwWI cÖwZw`b AweiZ 125 N›UviI †ewk mgq Abyôvb m¤cÖPvi Ki‡Q| 1000

Rb MÖvgxb Rbc‡` emevmiZ hyebvix I hye‡Ki AskMÖn‡Y bZzb avivi G MYgva¨gwU ªæZ RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q| 14wU ‡Rjvq me©‡gvU 68wU

Dc‡Rjvi eZ©gv‡b cÖvq 55 jvL Rb‡Mvôx KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi ‡kªvZv wnmv‡e Gi myweav †fvM Ki‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_gev‡ii gZ ¯’vwcZ

KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jvi AR©b B‡Zvg‡a¨ mKj gn‡ji `„wó AvK©lY K‡i‡Q| MÖvgxb Rbc‡` GK bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv n‡q‡Q |

`¨ Iqvì© A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Ae KwgDwbwU †iwWI eªWKv÷vm© (GgviK) Ges BD‡b‡¯‹vi bw_cÎ Abymv‡i, KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi

êwkó¨ wbgœiƒc| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi êwkóï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q-

GKwU cwiwPZ KwgDwbwU‡K †mev †`qv|

†hvMv‡hvM eë¯’vq MYZš¿vq‡bi cÖv_wgK c`‡¶c wn‡m‡e MYgva¨‡g cÖ‡ekvwaKvi, cÖwkÿY, Drcv`b Ges weZiY/m¤cÖPvi myweav

†`qv|

KwgDwbwUi †h‡Kv‡bv m`‡mï Rb¨ Abyôvb ˆZwii Kv‡R †hvMv‡hvM I AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM m„wó; ¯’vbxq †gavex‡ì DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges

wbR¯^ HwZn¨ I ms¯‹…wZ jvjb Kiv|

¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi A_©‰bwZK mvg_¨© Abyhvqx cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv, Avevi Zv †hb evB‡ii mvnv‡hï Ici wbf©ikxjZv evwo‡q bv †`q|

evwYR¨ bq, KwgDwbwUi Kj¨vYB D‡Ïk¨|

cÖ‡hvRK I †kÖvZvi g‡a¨ wbweo Z_¨ wewbg‡qi eë¯’v Kiv|

Gi eë¯’vcbv I gvwjKvbvq KwgDwbwUi m`mïvB _vK‡eb| †iwWI Abyôv‡bi A_©vq‡b KwgDwbwU A_ev Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwai gZvgZ

_vK‡e|

†hvMv‡hv‡Mi AwaKvi, Z_¨ I AwfgZ cÖ`v‡bi ¯^vaxbZv, m„Rbkxj D™¢veb, MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqv Ges mgv‡R msL¨vMwi‡ôi AskMÖnY‡K

DrmvwnZ Kiv|

Abyôvb bxwZgvjvq miKvwi wbqš¿Y, evwYwR¨K I ag©xq cÖwZôvb Ges ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖfve gy³ m¤úv`Kxq Ae¯’vb MÖnY|

msL¨vjNy I cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi cÖ‡ekvwaKvi †`qv Ges fvlv I ms¯‹…wZi wfbœZv‡K i¶v I Zy‡j aiv|

eë¯’vcbv, †cÖvMÖvwgs I Kg© cwi‡e‡k Ggb GKwU êlg¨nxb eë¯’vcbv Pvjy ivLv, hv cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©x, mnvqK I †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì Rb¨

D¤§y³ I Revew`wng~jK nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jvi g~j cÖfve n‡jv :

1. RbM‡Yi †`vi‡Mvovq ¯’vwcZ KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jv `wi`ª Ges cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡K Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì K_v mivmwifv‡e ejvi my‡hvM

ˆZix K‡i w`‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡g KÉnxb‡ì KÉ¯î †mv”Pvi nIqv I †kvbvi my‡hvM ˆZwi n‡q‡Q|

2. KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jv mvgvwRK, ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvs¯‹…wZK Ges cwi‡e‡ki †ÿ‡Î cjøx AÂ‡j emevmiZ Rb‡Mvôx‡K Z_¨

Ges †hvMv‡hv‡Mi AwaKvi G‡b w`‡q‡Q|

3. mykvmb wbwðZKi‡Y RbcÖwZwbwa, miKvwi Ges †emiKvix Kg©KZ©v‡ì mv‡_ Rbmvavi‡Yi msjvc Av`vb cÖ v‡bi †ÿÎ ˆZwi i‡q‡Q|

4. mnmªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv, lô cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbvi cÖavb LvZ¸‡jvi mv‡_ Rbmvavi‡Yi mivmwi ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi my‡hvM m„wó

n‡q‡Q|

mv¤cÖwZK N~wb©So Ôgnv‡mb' Ges Ô†Kv‡gbÕ-Gi mgq DcK~jxq AÂ‡j ¯’vwcZ KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jvi f~wgKv mKj gn‡j cÖkswmZ nq|

we`y¨r ms‡hvM wew”Qbœ _vKvq N~wb©S‡oi me©‡kl Lei Rvbvi †ÿ‡Î DcK~‡ji gvby‡li cÖavb Drm wQj KwgDwbwU †iwWI|

Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq KwgDwbwU †iwWI ¯’vcb, m¤cÖPvi I cwiPvjbv bxwZgvjv cÖYqb K‡i‡Q| gš¿Yvj‡qi my`„wó I mw`”Qvi Kvi‡Y `wÿY

Gwkqvq GKgvÎ evsjv‡`‡k KwgDwbwU †iwWI welqK GKwU cybv©½ bxwZgvjv cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`k n‡”Q KwgDwbwU †iwWI welqK

bxwZgvjv cÖYqbKvix `wÿY Gwkqvi wØZxq †`k| AvMvgx wW‡m¤î 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Av†iv 16wU KwgDwbwU †iwWI m¤úªPvi Kivi Rb¨

cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki wgwWqvi RM‡Z KwgDwbwU †iwWI bZzb GK gvÎv , KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jv mgv‡Ri MYZš¿vqb cÖwµqv‡K me©`v AMÖmigvb

ivL‡Q| cvkvcvwk cjøx AÂ‡j miKvix cÖkvmb, eëmvqx Ges mvaviY RYM‡bi g‡a¨ Dbœqbg~jK Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`vb K‡i MÖvgxb Rb‡Mvôxi

`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb, wkÿv I Rxeb-RxweKvi Dbœq‡b AbyNUK wnmv‡e AMÖbx f’wgKv cvjb K‡i MÖvgxb Rbc‡` GK bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv NUv‡bvi

m¤¢vebv m„wó K‡i‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k KwgDwbU †iwWIÕi hvÎv BwZevPK avivq weKvkgvb| MZ wZb eQi a‡i bvbv ai‡bi P¨v‡jÄ I PovB-DZivB †cwi‡q

MYgva¨‡gi GB avivi cÖmvi I weKvk N‡U‡Q| G K_v D‡jø‡Li A‡cÿv iv‡L bv †h, MYgva¨g wn‡m‡e KwgDwbwU †iwWI A‡bKUv

m‡`¨RvZ, bexb| mxwgZ A_©‰bwZK mvg_©¨ I †ckvMZ gv‡bvbœq‡bi †ÿ‡Î Gi i‡q‡Q bvbvb P¨v‡jÄ| eë¯’vcbvi †ÿ‡Î, Abyôvb cÖ‡hvRbv

I m¤úªPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î, Rbm¤ú„³Zv e„w× I ¯’vwqZ¡kxjZv AR©‡bi †ÿ‡Î wbišÍi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q bv †M‡j GB bexb MYgva¨g A¼z‡iB webó

n‡Z cv‡i, wb‡f †h‡Z cv‡i ÔnVvr Av‡jvi SjKvwbÕ| m‡e©vcwi, wek¦vqb I Z_¨ cÖhyw³i we®§qKi mvd‡jï GB hy‡M KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡K

†eu‡P _vK‡Z n‡j GKw`‡K, †hgb mvgwMÖK cÖwZ‡hvwMZv †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡e, †Zgwb Ab¨w`‡K mswkøó RbMY/ †kÖvZv‡Mvôxi Pvwn`v I

AvKvsÿv c~i‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q wb‡R‡ì Aw¯Í‡Zi Abb¨ZvI cÖwZôv Ki‡Z n‡e| KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸wj‡K wb‡R‡ì Af¨šÍ‡i m‡PZbZv, wkÿv

I `ÿZv e„w×i gva¨‡g cÖwZw`b wb‡R‡ì DbœqY NUv‡bvi cÖwµqv Ae¨vnZ bv ivL‡j Dc‡iv³ jÿ¨ c~iY m¤¢e n‡e bv|

cÖKvwkZ UzjwKUwU wb‡R‡ì Øviv wb‡R‡ì Dbœqb NUv‡bvi cÖwZw`‡bi cÖwµqvq n‡Z cv‡i ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AbyNUK| GB UzjwKUwU‡Z KwgDwbwU

†iwWIÕi †h mKj w`‡K Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q-GKwU †iwWIÕi c~Y©v½fv‡e weKwkZ nIqvi †gŠwjK kZ©I †mB¸wj| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ

eë¯’vcbv, cwiPvjbv, Abyôvb cÖ‡hvRbv, m¤úªPvi, RbAskMÖnb/ Rbm¤ú„³Zv e„w× I ¯’vwqZ¡kxjZv AR©b GB †gŠwjK w`K¸wji wbqwgZ

ch©‡eÿY I g~j¨vq‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi Dbœq‡bi aviv kø_ bv MwZkxj, BwZevPK wKsev ¯’wei Zv wbiæcb Kiv hvq| GB

UzjwKUwUi me‡P‡q myweavRbK w`K n‡jv AZ¨šÍ mnR c×wZ‡Z †ei Kiv m¤¢e wbR wbR †iwWIi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v I Ae¯’vb| †iwWI

†÷k‡bi mswkøó Kg©xivB GB UzjwKU cÖ‡qvM I eënv‡ii gva¨‡g wb‡R‡ì eZ©gvb Ae¯’v A_©vr mejZv I `~e©jZv wbiæcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

Ges cwiw¯’wZ Dbœq‡b c`‡ÿc wb‡Z cvi‡eb|

wmAvi-wmAvBwU UzjwKUwU fvi‡Zi nvq`ªvev` wek¦we`¨vj‡q ¯’vwcZ BD‡b‡¯‹v †Pqvi Ab KwgDwbwU wgwWqvi †bZ…‡Z¡ K‡qKRb MYgva¨g

we‡klÁ I wkÿvwe` KZ…©K cÖYxZ| m¤úªwZ Zv‡ì Dcw¯’wZ‡Z XvKvq Av‡qvwRZ GK Kg©kvjvq, KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi cÖwZwbwa I

evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡iv K‡qKRb MYgva¨g we‡kl‡Ái gZvgZ wb‡q weGbGbAviwm UzjwKUwU evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖÿvc‡U cybwe©b¨¯Í K‡i|mswkøó

UzjwKUwUi Abyev`, cybwj©Lb I cybwe©b¨v‡m evsjv‡`‡ki KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi weKvkgvb †cÖÿvcU‡K we‡ePbvq †bIqv n‡q‡Q|

Context

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1.2. aviYvMZ KvVv‡gv

1.2.1. avivevwnK Dbœqb

eo cwim‡i GB cÖK‡íi j¶¨ n‡jv, ÔavivevwnK DbœqbÕ KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ AskMÖnYg~jK c×wZ‡Z GKwU UzjwKU

cÖYqb Kiv †h c×wZ D”P wkÿvmn wewfbœ †ÿ‡Î eëüZ nq| G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z avivevwnK Dbœqb‡K KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷k‡bi cÖ‡hvRbv, eë¯’vcbv I m¤cÖPvi Av‡aqi Dbœq‡b GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Ab¨Î ejv n‡q‡Q ÔG‡ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc LyeB ìKvwi †h, avivevwnK Dbœqb mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv eë¯’v ev †Kv‡bv wKQy Kivi Dcvq bq eis GUv

Ggb GK ai‡bi gvbwmKZvi e¨vcvi hv me©`vB fv‡jv wKQz Kivi/DrK…óZi wKQz Kivi Dcvq evZ‡j †`q; Gw`K †_‡K G‡K GK mgvwß

wenxb hvÎvI ejv hvqÕ|

KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z †Kb avivevwnK Dbœqb cÖ‡qvRb? G ai‡bi GKwU †d«gIqvK© cªwZôv Kivi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Kvh©µg

I AR©b wb‡`©kbvq `vZv‡Mvôxi mycvwikK…Z m~PK¸wj †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmv| AskMÖnYg~jK Dbœqb cÖwµqvi A‡bK cwÐZ I M‡elK civgk©

w`‡q‡Qb KwgDwbwU wfwËK D‡`¨vM¸wji jÿ¨ wba©vi‡bi wbR¯^ ÿgZv/`ÿZv _vKv DwPZ, hv‡Z Zviv Zv‡ì Kg©ZrciZvi g~j¨vqb

wb‡RivB Ki‡Z cv‡i| GwU Ggb GKwU cÖ‡Póv ev †KŠkj, hv Amg ÿgZvPµ, wj½ êlg¨ Ges MYgva¨‡gi Ici GwjU m¤cÖ`v‡qi GKK

KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZôvq evav †`q| m‡e©vcwi GwU GKwU AskMÖnYg~jK, bgbxq Ges ev¯ÍewfwËK cÖwµqv|

GwU ÔAskMÖnY, Db¥yy³ †hvMv‡hvM, wek¦¯ÍZv, Ávb I `¶Zv wewbgq Ges avivevwnK cÖwk¶‡YiÕ g‡Zv g~jbxwZi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc K‡i|

avivevwnK Dbœqb g‡Wjmg~n eë¯’vcbv I wk¶vi g‡Zv wewfbœ †cÖw¶‡Z eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| hw` Avgiv GB KvVv‡gv‡K KwgDwbwU †iwWIi

cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cÖwZôv Kwi Zvn‡j wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Q wKQy †gŠwjK cÖkœ ivL‡Z n‡e| †hgb-

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi gva¨‡g Avgiv Kx AR©‡bi †Póv KiwQ?

wKfv‡e Avgiv eyS‡Z cvi‡ev cwieZ©b GKwU Dbœqb?

KwgDwbwU †iwWIi †mevi Dbœq‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv Kx Kx cwieZ©b NUv‡Z cvwi?

1.2.2: mnwk¶v Ges AbykxjbKvix KwgDwbwU

CR-CIT cÖYq‡bi mvgwMÖK cÖwµqvq mnwk¶v bxwZi aviYv‡K we‡ePbvq †bIqv n‡q‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wcqvi jvwb©s wk¶v (Peer Learning), Ávb wewbg‡qi cvi¯úwiK g~j¨‡eva, cvi¯úwiK wek¦vm Ges mvgwMÖK I e¨w³MZ †evSvcovi g~jbxwZmg~n| GB cÖwµqvi

Ask wn‡m‡e Avgiv hLb wKQy Kg©kvjv I GiKg bvbv Kg©m~wP K‡i _vwK, ZLb KwgDwbwU †iwWIi AbykxjbKvix mswkøó e¨w³‡ì Rb¨

¯^í †gqv‡` Zv wb‡R‡ì w`K-wb‡`©kbvMZ gvb`Ð cÖwZôvq mnvqK nq| `xN©‡gqv`x j‡¶¨ cÖ‡qvRb GKwU AbykxjbKvix KwgDwbwU wbg©v‡Y

mnvqZv Kiv| Avgiv AbykxjbKvix KwgDwbwU ej‡Z eywS, GK`j gvbyl DrK…óZi wKQy Kivi Rb¨ Ges wKfv‡e Kiv hvq, Zv Rvbvi Rb¨

wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ Zv‡ì D‡ØM I AvKv•ÿv¸‡jv wewbgq Ki‡e Ges Zviv G‡K A‡bï mv‡_ wbqwgZ fve wewbgq K‡i Pj‡e|

I‡q½vi, g¨vKWvg©U Ges mœvBWvi mevi Kj¨v‡Y GKwU AbykxjbKvix KwgDwbwU wKfv‡e MwVZ nq Ges KvR K‡i †m m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb,

ÔZviv mgm¨v mgvav‡b ci¯úi‡K mnvqZv K‡i| Zviv Zv‡ì Ae¯’v, AvKv•ÿv Ges Pvwn`v wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i| Zviv Awfbœ Bmy¨¸‡jv

DÌvcb K‡i, bZyb bZyb aviYv D™¢veb K‡i Ges GKwU cÖvYešÍ mwµq †Mvôx‡Z cwiYZ nq| Zviv wKQy DcKiY/Abyl½, gvb`Ð, ev¯Íe

wPÎ, wb‡`©kK Ges bvbv bw_ ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_ev Zviv mvaviY wKQy Dcjwä D™¢veb I wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i| hvB †nvK, Zviv Ávb‡K

GKxf~Z K‡i, Zviv AbvbyôvwbKfv‡e wKQy g~j¨‡ev‡a Ave× nq| GB g~j¨‡eva ïaygvÎ Zv‡ì mnvqK Avbylw½KZv bq, eis mnKg©x‡ì

g‡a¨ †evSvcovi m„wó K‡i, hv‡Z Zviv G‡K Aci‡K eyS‡Z m¶g nq| Zviv Ggb GKwU `‡j cwiYZ nq, hviv G‡K A‡bï cÖwZ AvMÖnx

_v‡K| mg‡qi cwiµgvq Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì welq¸‡jvmn mvaviY Ávb Abykxjb, AvPvi-AvPiY I g~j¨‡ev‡ai Dci GKwU Abb¨ †cÖ¶vcU

wbg©vY K‡i| Zviv e¨w³MZ m¤úK© Ges cvi¯úwiK wg_w¯Œqvi bvbv Dcvq D™¢veb K‡i| GgbwK Zviv Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì mvaviY cwiwPwZ

wbiƒcY K‡i| Gfv‡e AbykxjbKvix KwgDwbwU ev¯Íeiƒc jvf K‡i|Õ


1.2.3. KwgDwbwU †iwWI-wmAvBwUÕi Dcv`vbmg~n

ïiæ‡Z KwgDwbwU †iwWI msµvšÍ GKwU cwic~Y© g~j¨vq‡bi KvR nv‡Z †bIqv nq, hvi jÿ¨ wQj KwgDwbwU †iwWIi RwUj Dcv`vbmg~n

wba©viY Kiv; hv‡Z AskxRbiv KwgDwbwU †iwWI cwiPvjbvi welqwU‡K KwgDwbwUi w`K †_‡K we‡ePbv K‡i| we‡klÁ ch©v‡q Gi wePvi

we‡køl‡Yi ci wb‡gœv³ 9wU ¯^Zš¿ cwimi Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq-

Av‡aq ˆZwi I Abyôvb

bxwZgvjv I wb‡`©kbv

†¯^”Qv‡mex

cÖhyw³: cÖvwß I eë¯’vcbv

m¤cÖPvi gvb

cwiPvjbv

gZvgZ I Awf‡hvM

Av‡aq wewbgq Ges †bUIqvwK©s

ivR¯^ msMÖn I Avw_©K `vqe×Zv

GB g~jbxwZ I wb‡`©kbvmg~‡ni c~Y©v½ eY©bv Aa¨vq-3 G Av‡jvwPZ n‡jv|

1.3 M„nxZ c×wZ

wewfbœ AskxR‡bi m‡½ AskMÖnYg~jK Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cÖYxZ GB UzjwK‡Ui cÖK…wZ AskMÖnYg~jK| wewfbœ

¯Í‡ii myweav‡fvMx gvby‡li mv‡_ wg_w¯Œqvq GwU m¤¢e n‡qwQ‡jv| G‡¶‡Î ’vbxq myweav‡fvMx Rb‡Mvôxi cvkvcvwk

evB‡ii gvbyl GgbwK A‡bK AwfÁ e¨w³‡K hy³ Kiv nq| G‡¶‡Î cÖ¯ÍvweZ UyjwK‡Ui KvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡bi

cvkvcvwk Dchy³ we‡kl‡Ái gva¨‡g Gi Dc‡hvwMZv hvPvB K‡i †bqvi my‡hvM wg‡j‡Q| Gici GB UyjwKU‡K

gvV ch©v‡q evievi cix¶vi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI cÖK‡í Gi Dc‡hvwMZv wePvi Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi gva¨‡gB UyjwKUwUi avivevwnK Dbœqb

wbwðZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †Wvbv g¨v‡i‡Ui D™¢vweZ we‡kl c×wZ e¨envi K‡i Zvi gva¨‡g cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx ch©šÍ myweavi AvIZvq Avbv

n‡q‡Q|

UzjwK‡Ui eZ©gvb ms¯‹iYwU (2.0) BD‡b‡¯‹v †Pqvi Ab KwgDwbwU wgwWqvi †bZ…‡Z¡ MZ 2 eQi a‡i cwiPvwjZ bvbv ch©v‡qi AskMÖn‡Yi

djkÖæwZ|


AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I

mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv

2


2.1 Avcbvi UzjwKU‡K Rvbyb

2.1.1: CR-CIT Kx?

CR-CIT Ggb GKwU UyjwKU hv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv‡K wbw`©ó mgqv‡šÍ wb‡R‡ì Kg©KvÐ g~j¨vq‡bi

my‡hvM K‡i †`q|

†h welq¸wj we‡ePbvq wb‡q GB UzjwKU cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q- cÖ_gZ (K) RvZxq †iwWI mÂvjb wb‡`©wkKv (fviZ miKvi Aby‡gvw`Z Ges

evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii KwgDwbwU †iwWI m¤úªPvi bxwZgvjv) †hLv‡b wKQy evaëvaKZv i‡q‡Q, (L) mg‡SvZvi AZxZ Ggb A‡bK welq

†h¸‡jv wek¦e¨vcx †iwWI mÂvj‡bi Rb¨ ¸iZ¡c~Y©| †hgb, †iwWIi gvwjKvbv, Abyôvb mÂvjb, cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖnY, wj½

mgZv, KwgDwbwUi ˆZwi †Kv‡bv Abyôv‡bi welq- ¯’vbxq mgvR-ms¯‹…wZ I Zvi ¯^vZš¿¨ Ges ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi Abykxjb|

we¯Í……Z cwim‡i GB UyjwKUwU bqwU m~PK wb‡`©k K‡i| Av‡aq ˆZwi I Kg©m~wP wba©viY, bxwZ I wb‡`©kbv, †¯^”Qv‡mex, cÖhyw³: cÖvwß I

eë¯’vcbv, m¤cÖPvi gvb, cwiPvjbv, gZvgZ I Awf‡hvM, Av‡aq wewbgq Ges †bUIqvwK©s ev †hvMv‡hvM, ivR¯^ msMÖn I Avw_©K

`vqe×Zv|

AskMÖnY, AšÍf©yw³, wj½, m¶gZv e„w× BZ¨vw` †h w_g KÕwU Dc‡iv³ 9wU gvb`‡Ði g~jbxwZ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡Z cv‡i †m¸‡jv n‡jv:

A‡bK †¶‡Î Av`k©‡K mvg‡b †i‡L cÖwZwU gvb`‡Ði wb‡`©kK avivevwnKfv‡e cÖYqb Kiv nq| mKj wb‡`©k‡Ki ZvwjKv cÖ`vb Kiv nq

hv †_‡K m¤¢ve¨ welq KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb MÖnY K‡i| GB ai‡bi wb‡`©kK wKQy wbw`©ó †÷kb‡K ¯’vbxq †cÖw¶‡Z Abb¨ †Kv‡bv

aviYv ev cÖwµqv D™¢veb Ki‡j Zv UzjwK‡U mwbœ‡e‡ki my‡hvM K‡i †`q| (Ab¨ wKQz? wbw`©ó K‡i D‡jøL Kiæb)|

GB UyjwKUwU g~jbxwZ, Abykxjb Ges cÖwµqvi Dci Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Q| KwgDwbwUi Ici KwgDwbwUi cÖfve wbiƒcY Kiv GB

UzjwK‡Ui AvIZv ewnf©~Z welq| Gi g~j jÿ¨ e…nr cwim‡ii KwgDwbwU †iwWIi g~jbxwZ Ges m‡e©vËg eënv‡ii g‡a¨ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L

KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸wji cÖvZ¨vwnK Kg©KvÐ I bxwZgvjv KZUzKz mvgÄm¨c~Y© Zv Zz‡j a‡i †÷kb¸‡jv‡K cÖv_wgKfv‡e mnvqZv Kiv|

GB UyjwKUwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi mvgwM«K cvidig¨vÝ/Kg©¶gZv/Kg©‡hvM¨Zv/Kg© ZrciZvi YMZgvb wba©viK wn‡m‡eI KvR

Ki‡Z cv‡i| GLv‡b Ô¸YMZ gvbÕ we‡ePbv Zv‡ì Kg©m~wPi KvwiMwi cwiwai g‡a¨B mxgve× bq| eis me¸‡jv gvb`Ð wbwe©‡k‡l mKj

†÷k‡bi †gŠwjK bxwZgvjvi Av‡jv‡K we‡eP¨|

GB UyjwKU Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †÷k‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Zyjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e bv| ZvQvov Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ms¯’v †÷k‡bi cvm ev †djI

g~j¨vqb Ki‡e bv|

2.1.2. GB UyjwKUwU Kviv eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e?

†hme KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb `yB eQi cvi K‡i‡Q, Zviv GB UyjwKU eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e| Avgiv g‡b Kwi, GKwU †iwWI †÷kb

¯’vcb Ges Gi c~Y©v½ cwiPvjbvq bvbv cÖwµqvi mwbœ‡ek NUv‡bvi Rb¨ GB `yB eQi mgq cÖ‡qvRb| cÖK…Z c‡ÿ, mgq Gi †P‡q †ewkI

jvM‡Z cv‡i, aiv hvK, eQi cuvP, †h‡nZz KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv‡K m¤ú‡ì bvbv mxgve×Zvi ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg Ki‡Z nq|

wKš‘ wKfv‡e Ges †Kv_vq Dbœqb NUv‡Z n‡e Zv wVK Kivi Rb¨ 2 eQi h‡_ó mgq|

GB UyjwKUwU bZyb KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨| n‡Z cv‡i GKwU Av`k© †iwWI †÷kb wKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq Zv

†evSvi Rb¨|

2.1.3: †Kb GB UzjwKUwU eënvi Kiv n‡e?

CR-CIT KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ Kg©KZ©v I †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì g‡a¨ Zviv †h Lye fv‡jv KvR Ki‡Q G ai‡bi

BwZevPK Abyf~wZ mÂvjbvi my‡hvM K‡i †`q|

CR-CIT KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Kg©iZ‡ì Zv‡ì e¨¯ÍZg Kv‡Ri wkwWD‡j LvwbKUv weiwZi my‡hvM K‡i †`q, hv‡Z Zviv wKQz

gvb`Ðmn Zv‡ì Av`k© I jÿ¨ m¤ú‡K© fvebv wPšÍvi my‡hvM cvq|

AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvi †k‡l cÖwZwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb avivevwnK Dbœq‡b Zv‡ì fwel¨Z Kg©KvÐ cwiPvjbvi

Rb¨ GKwU mywbw`©ó j¶¨ wba©viY Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e|

GB UyjwKUwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv‡K Zv‡ì Kg©Kv‡Ði duvK‡dvKi I mxgve×Zv¸‡jv wPwýZ K‡i ïa‡i †bqvi my‡hvM K‡i †`‡e|

cvidig¨vÝ ch©v‡jvPbvi my‡hvM _vKvq cÖwZwU †iwWI †÷kb wbR wbR †÷kb Av‡iv fv‡jvfv‡e cwiPvjbv Kiv Ges †kªvZv‡ì Av‡iv

Kvh©Ki fv‡e †mev `v‡bi my‡hvM cv‡e|

hwÌ GB UyjwKUwUi gva¨‡g evB‡ii †Kv‡bv welq‡K we‡kølY Kivi K_v ejv nqwb| ZeyI Gi gva¨‡g we¯Í…Z Avw½‡K AviI wKQy

Zyjbvg~jK we‡kølY I g~j¨vq‡b fv‡jv cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Kiv m¤¢e n‡e|

m‡e©vcwi, GB UyjwKUwUi j¶¨ n‡jv wek¦e¨vcx Abym„Z DrK…ó/DËg Kg©bxwZmg~‡ni mv‡_ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi wbqwgZ Zvj

wgwj‡q Pjvi cÖwZ m‡Pó K‡i †Zvjv|

2.1.4. KLb GB UyjwKUwU eëüZ n‡e?

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv Zv‡ì cÖwZôvi `yB eQi AwZµg nIqvi ci †_‡K GB UyjwKUwU eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

UyjwKUwU Ggbfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv wbw`©ó mgqv‡šÍ wb‡RivB wb‡R‡ì g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

UyjwKUwU mvgwMÖKfv‡e eënvi Kivi †ÿ‡Î,evrmwiK wfwË‡Z ch©v‡jvPbv n‡Z cv‡i |

ZvQvov, KwgDwbwU †iwWI †h‡Kv‡bv mg‡q †h †Kv‡bv wel‡qi IciI GB UzjwKUwU eënvi K‡i wb‡R‡ì mÿgZv I `ye©jZv¸‡jv

wPwýZ Ki‡Z cv‡i|

2.2 AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv: av‡c av‡c

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wj AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i GB UzjwKUwU eënvi Ki‡e| GB

c×wZ KwgDwbwU †iwWI¸‡jvi avivevwnK Dbœq‡b Zv‡ì Abykxj‡bi mÿgZv hvPvB Ges `ye©jZv Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z

mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| GB aviYvwU ax‡i ax‡i †iwWI mswkøó‡ì mÿgZv‡K ïaygvÎ mn-g~j¨vqbKvix bq, eis mnvq‡Ki

f~wgKvqI cÖwZwôZ Ki‡e|

GB UzjwK‡Ui cÖavb myweav n‡”Q, GwU †Kv‡bv Dc‡`kg~jK bq, eis GwU Ggb GKwU c×wZ †hLv‡b mn-g~j¨vqbKvix g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvq

mnvqZv I G‡K mg„×Zi Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gfv‡e †÷kbwU mn-g~j¨vqbKvix†ì Z_¨ Kv‡R jvwM‡q †÷kbwUi fwel¨r †KŠkj wba©vi‡Y KvR

Ki‡Z cv‡i|

KvVv‡gvi w`K †_‡K GB UzjwKUwU wewfbœ Ask/Aa¨v‡q wef³ Ges ^vaxbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨| hw` KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb GKB mv‡_ Zvi

mKj welq ev c¨vivwgUvi GB UzjwK‡Ui gva¨‡g hvPvB K‡i †`L‡Z Pvq, †m‡ÿ‡Î ch©vß mgq wb‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z mKj AskxRb/†÷K‡nvìvi

AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges wb‡R‡ì Zz‡j ai‡Z cv‡i|

wmAvi-wmAvBwUÕi gvV ch©v‡qi AwfÁZvi Dci wfwË K‡i †÷k‡bi myweavg‡Zv cÖ_g av‡ci g~j¨vq‡bi ci Avgiv wØZxq av‡c hvIqvi

civgk© w`B, (hvi e¨vwßKvj n‡Z cv‡i `yB †_‡K wZbw`‡bi)| AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb Ges mn-g~j¨vq‡bi AšÍfz©³ mKj cÿ‡K Aek¨B Gi

e¨vwßKvj m¤ú‡K© GKgZ n‡Z n‡e|

avc-1

wb‡¤œi cÖwZwbwa/e¨w³i mgš^‡q cÖ¯‘wZ mfv-

K. †÷kb eë¯’vcK Ges Kg©x|

L. KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Ges Dc‡`óv cwil‡ì m`më„›`|

M. g~j cÖwZôvb †_‡K Kgc‡ÿ GKRb m`m¨ _vK‡Z n‡e (hw` BwZg‡a¨ eë¯’vcbv KwgwU‡Z bv _v‡Kb), whwb UzjwUKwU cvV K‡i

cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡eb, †h¸‡jv g~j mfvq mn-g~j¨vqbKvix‡ì wewfbœ c¨vivwgUvi wb‡q KvR Kivi †ejvq Kv‡R Avm‡Z cv‡i|

(avc-2 †`Lyb)

UzjwKU GKwU c~Y©v½ wb‡`©wkKv, hv wewfbœ c¨vivwgUvi/Dcv`v‡bi we¯ÍvwiZ †hŠw³KZv Zz‡j a‡i‡Q Ges wb‡`©kKmg~‡ni eY©bv w`‡q‡Q|

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvq AskMÖn‡Yi Av‡M eënvi MvBWwU ch©v‡jvPbvi my‡hvM wb‡Z cv‡i| G

cÖwµqv Z_¨ msKj‡b mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i, hv wKQz cÖ‡kœi h_vh_ DËi †c‡Z mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i|

avc-2

wØZxq ch©vqwU g~j mfv wb‡q MwVZ (hv‡K AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb Ges mn-g~j¨vqb c×wZi †K›`ª ejv hvq)| mfvq wb‡¤œv³ AskMÖnYKvixiv

_vK‡eb-

K. †÷kb eë¯’vcK Ges Kg©x

L. KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcK KwgwU Ges Dc‡`óv cwil‡ì m`më„›`

M. g~j msMV‡bi GKRb m`m¨ (hw` BwZg‡a¨ eë¯’vcbv KwgwU‡Z bv _v‡Kb)

N. `ywU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb †_‡K GKRb K‡i `yRb cÖwZwbwa _vK‡eb, hviv mn g~j¨vqbKvix wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡eb| †÷kb KZ©viv

hLb †÷kb cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡Lb, †m gyn~‡Z© KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Ges g~j msMV‡bi m`m¨‡ì

Dcw¯’wZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| KviY e„nr bxwZ Ges wi‡mvm©/m¤ú‡ì †ÿ‡Î UzjwK‡Ui ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv i‡q‡Q|

mfv mÂvjbvi Rb¨ Avgiv wb‡¤œv³ wb‡`©kbv cÖ¯Íve Kwi-

1. KwgDwbwU †iwWI UzjwKU GKB mv‡_ GKwU c¨vivwgUvi cwiPvjbv Ki‡e| cÖ‡Z¨KwU c¨vivwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ `jwU GKB m‡½ GKwU cÖkœ

†b‡e Ges Zvi Reve hvPvB Ki‡e| ‡ji GKRb m`m¨ c¨vivwgUv‡ii ga¨ †_‡K cÖkœ DÌvcb Ki‡e| wØZxq AskMÖnYKvix eënviwewa

†_‡K Dchy³ e¨vL¨v †`‡e| GUv ¯^-g~j¨vqb †÷k‡bi m`m¨‡ì gv‡S Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv I hyw³ Z‡K©i c‡i Avm‡e Ges me‡k‡l

h_vh_ welqvw` wPwýZ K‡i ivLv n‡e|

2. GKwU c¨vivwgUv‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡q †÷kb `jwUi cÖkœ¸‡jv Dc¯’vcbvi cy‡ivUv mgq wcqvi g~j¨vqYKvixiv ch©‡eÿY Ges A‡cÿv Ki‡e|

AZci †mB wbw`©ó c¨vivwgUv‡ii Dci Zviv Zv‡ì `„wófw½ I AwfÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡e|

3. †÷kb `jwU †÷k‡bi jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Yi Rb¨ mn-g~j¨vqbKvix‡ì `„wófw½ Ges Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwµqv we‡ePbvq wb‡Z cv‡i|

jÿ¨gvÎv GKwU ev¯Íem¤§Z mgqmxgv AbymiY Ki‡e hv‡Z, †÷kbwU †cQ‡b wd‡i Zvi AR©bwU ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| GB D‡Ï‡k¨

UzjwK‡Ui cÖ‡Z¨K As‡ki †k‡l †Mvj‡cv÷ ev Kvw•ÿZ j‡ÿï Rb¨ c„ôv eënvi Kiæb|

4. bqwU c¨vivwgUv‡ii cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z GB cÖwµqvi cybive„wË NU‡e|

5. P~ovšÍ ch©v‡q, †÷k‡bi Rb¨ AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvi djvd‡ji g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ GKwU gy³ Av‡jvPbv n‡Z cv‡i|Gi

djkÖæwZ‡Z djvd‡ji GKwU WKz‡g›U I jÿ¨gvÎv †_‡K cÖvß KiYxqmg~‡ni GKwU ZvwjKv msKwjZ n‡Z cv‡i|

2.2.1: mn-g~j¨vqbKvix‡ì f~wgKv

`ywU †÷kb †_‡K GKRb K‡i mn-g~j¨vqbKvix _vK‡e| Lye fv‡jv nq `yRbB GKB fvlvfvwl AÂj †_‡K hw` Av‡m Ges

AvZ¥-g~j¨vq‡bi w`K †_‡KI †÷kb¸‡jv GKB cÖK…wZi nq (†hgb kni, MÖvg †Kw›`ªK GbwRI, K¨v¤úvm wfwËK, K…wl wek¦vwe`¨vjq

wfwËK BZ¨vw`)| mn-g~j¨vqbKvix `‡ji m‡½ †÷kb ch©v‡qi Kg©xMY mn I AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvq AskMÖnY Ki‡e| hw` Avgwš¿Z

wcqvi‡ì KwgDwbwU †iwWI UzjwKU Ges Dc‡iv³ g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvi Dci c~e© AwfÁZv _v‡K, Z‡e Zv n‡e GKwU evowZ myweav|

mn-g~j¨vqbKvixMY †÷kb wU‡gi mv‡_ Kvh©cÖYvjxi (avc-2†Z Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q) ga¨ w`‡q AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I mn g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv

ïiæ Ki‡Z cv‡i| G‡Z K‡i welqe¯‘i Dci mvaviY aviYv/†evSv cov m„wó n‡e|

†÷kb wUg GKwU c¨vivwgUv‡ii mKj cÖkœ Ges †m¸‡jvi DËi †jLvi ci wcqvie„›` GKB †m‡Ui cÖ‡kœi Ici Zv‡ì gZvgZ ivL‡eb

Ges c¨vivwgUv‡ii cÖ‡Z¨K As‡k Zv‡ì `„wófw½ cÖKvk Ki‡eb|

GB c×wZi g~j K_v n‡jv ¯^-g~j¨vqbKvix †÷k‡bi mv‡_ wcqvi‡ì AwfÁZv wewbgq Kiv Ges c¨vivwgUvi m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì cÖvmw½K

a¨vb aviYv †hvM Kiv|

wcqvi‡ì f~wgKv n‡e eÜz Ges mnwkÿv_©x‡ì gZ, hviv djcÖmy AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvq †÷kbwU‡K mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Q| Avevi GKB

mg‡q GB cÖwµqvq Zv‡ì wbR¯^ `„wófw½ Ges civgk© hy³ Ki‡e|

wcqvie„›` ewnivMZ g~j¨vqbKvix wn‡m‡e KvR Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡e| Kvw•ÿZ jÿ¨ wba©vi‡Y Zv‡ì aviYv‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bv n‡e|

AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqvq Zv‡ì Rwo‡q cov wVK n‡e bv| Z‡e Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì †÷kb †_‡K †Kvb D`vniY †`qv Kvh©Kix n‡Z cv‡i-

hw` GUv †Kvb mgvavb evZ‡j †`q A_ev Awfbe aviYvi Rb¥ †`q|

wcqvi g~j¨vqbK…Z cÖwµqvi †k‡l gy³ Av‡jvPbv‡K mnvqZv K‡i, hv †_‡K GKwU g~j¨vqb `wjj ˆZwi n‡Z cv‡i| g~j¨vqb `wj‡j

¯^-g~j¨vqbK…Z †K‡›`ªi AwR©Z mÿgZv I `ye©jZv, wcqvi †÷k‡bi AwfÁZv I wkÿv AšÍf©y³ Ges Kvw•ÿZ jÿ¨gvÎvi m‡½

mvgÄm¨c~Y© |

2.2.2; †hfv‡e cÖwµqv ïiæ

P~ovšÍ mfvq wewfbœ c¨vivwgUvi Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZg~jK mfvi Av‡qvRb Kiæb Ges c¨vivwgUv‡ii mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© cÖ‡qvRbxq WvUv

msMÖn I msKjb Kiæb|

P~ovšÍ mfv AvnŸv‡bi Rb¨ †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ wcqvie„›` wba©viY Kiæb Ges cvi¯úwiK gZvg‡Zi Dci wfwË K‡i mgq I h_vh_ ZvwiL

wba©viY Kiæb|

mKj AskxRb/†÷K‡nvìvi‡ì Avgš¿Y Rvbvb|

P~ovšÍ mfv Ggb ¯’v‡b Av‡qvRb Kiæb †hLv‡b AskMÖnYKvixiv ¯^Zù~Z©fv‡e Avjvc Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

mfvq AvZ¥-g~j¨vqb I mn-g~j¨vqb cÖwµqv e¨vL¨v Kivi ci KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi Kvh©µg cvh©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU

†iwWI-wmAvBwU eënvi Kiæb Ges Ae¨vnZfv‡e DbœwZi Rb¨ Kvw•ÿZ jÿ¨ wba©viY Kiæb|

2.3. gvV ch©v‡q KwgDwbwU †iwWI-wmAvBwU AbymiYKvix‡ì †PKwj÷

KwgDwbwU †iwWI UzjwK‡Ui ZvwjKvf~³ bqwU c¨vivwgUv‡ii Dci wfwË K‡i KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv Zv‡ì

Ae¯’vb ch©v‡jvPbvi c~‡e© wb‡¤œv³ Z_¨vewj cÖ¯‘Z K‡i ivL‡e| G †ÿ‡Î GK eQ‡ii Z_¨vejx we‡ePbvq ivL‡j

fv‡jv nq|

Av‡aq ˆZwi I Abyôvb wbg©vY

Abyôvb cwiKíbv, cÖ‡hvRbv, cÖ‡hvRbv-cieZ©x Kvh©µ‡gi mv‡_ AšÍf©y³ mKj †gavm¤úbœ e¨w³i †gvU msL¨v (Kg©x, †¯^”Qv‡meK Ges

KwgDwbwUi †jvKRbI Gi g‡a¨ AšÍf©y³)|

†¯^”Qv‡meKmn KwgDwbwUi mKj m`‡mï (†eZb‡fvMx Kg©x Qvov) †gvU msL¨v

†¯^”Qv‡meKmn KwgDwbwUi mKj cÖvwšÍK RbM‡Yi (†eZb‡fvMx Kg©x Qvov) †gvU msL¨v

†eZb‡fvMx Kg©xmn mKj bvixi †gvU msL¨v

we‡bv`b Abyôv‡b AšÍf©y³ me ¯’vbxq wkíxi †gvU msL¨v

Z_¨-wfwËK Abyôv‡b we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e AšÍf©y³ †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v (KwgDwbwUi †bZ…e„›` I ÿgZvai e¨w³eM© Gi AšÍf©y³ bq)

bxwZgvjv I MvBWjvBb

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi wbR¯^ jÿ¨ I D‡Ï‡kï weeiY

Rbej wb‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î eënvh© bxwZgvjvi wjwLZ iƒc

wjwLZ AvKv‡i Kg©‡ÿ‡Î eënvh© ¯^”Q I wbi‡cÿ bxwZ (hw` _v‡K)

HwZnvwmKfv‡e cÖvwšÍK MÖæc I bvix‡ì Rb¨ eënvh© wjwLZ AvKv‡i bxwZ (hw` _v‡K)

wjwLZ AvKv‡i Av‡aq bxwZ (hw` _v‡K)

wjwLZ AvKv‡i †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì `ÿZv e„w×i bxwZ (hw` _v‡K)

†¯^”Qv‡meK

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b AskMÖnYKvix mKj †¯^”Qv‡mexi †gvU msL¨v

†¯^”Qv‡mex AvK…ó Kivi bxwZ (hw` _v‡K)

†¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì `ÿZv e„w×i bxwZgvjv (hw` _v‡K)

cÖhyw³ : cÖ‡ek AwfMg¨Zv I eë¯’vcbv

cÖwkÿY bxwZ, hw` _v‡K

¯’vbxq fvlvq hš¿cvwZi iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ mnvqK bxwZgvjv/wb‡`©wkKv, hw` _v‡K

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi exgv bxwZ

m¤úªPvi gvb

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi wbR¯^ †cÖvMÖvwgs †KvW ev bxwZgvjv (ivóªxq m¤úªPvi bxwZi evB‡i)

wbR¯^ cwiPvjbv eë¯’v/eë¯’vcbv

†iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU/Dc‡`óv KwgwUi MVb KvVv‡gv

gZvgZ I Awf‡hvM

wdWe¨vK MÖnY I we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwµqv/bxwZ

Awf‡hvM MÖnY I we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨ cÖwµqv/bxwZ

wdWe¨v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i KwgDwbwU †iwWI-Gi Kvh©cÖYvjx wba©viY

Awf‡hvM MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g fzj-ms‡kvab, hw` _v‡K

Av‡aq wewbgq Ges †bUIqvwK©s/AvšÍms‡hvM

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Av‡aq wewbgq bxwZ, hw` _v‡K

Abyôvbgvjvi Rb¨ Z…Zxq cÿxq Drm (BDwb‡md, BD‡bm‡Kv, W‡q‡P †f‡j BZ¨vw`)

Z…Zxq Drm †_‡K cÖvß †cÖvMÖv‡gi kZKiv nvi

¯’vbxq wkíx-Kzkjx‡ì AwaKvi iÿv‡_© bxwZ, we‡klfv‡e hLb Ab¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi mv‡_ Abyôvb Av`vb cÖ`vb Kiv nq|

cÖhyw³, eë¯’vcbv Abykxjb, AskMÖnY BZ¨vwì Dci KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi mÿgZv wewbgq bxwZ, hw` _v‡K

RvZxq, AvšÍR©vwZK Ges Ab¨vb¨ †÷k‡bi †bUIqv‡K©i mv‡_ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi AvšÍ‡hvMv‡hvM bxwZ, hw` _v‡K

`vwe I AwaKvi wb‡q Av‡›`vjbiZ mvgvwRK msMV‡bi mv‡_ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi AvšÍ‡hvMv‡hvM bxwZ|

ivR¯^ msMÖn Ges Avw_©K `vqe×Zv

ivR‡¯î mKj Drm

m`m¨c` eve` cÖvß wd, hw` _v‡K

KwgDwbwUi bM` ev gvbweK Ae`vb, hw` _v‡K

†÷k‡bi wecYbg~jK `ªe¨vw`

cÖwZw`‡bi m¤úªPvi NÈv

MZ GK eQ‡i m¤úªPvwiZ me©‡gvU evwYwR¨K NÈv

KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Avq-e¨q wewbg‡qi †Kvb eë¯’v/cÖ¨vKwUm, hw` _v‡K


ÒcÖvwšÍK Rb‡MvôxÓ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q wjZ mgvR, DcRvwZ, msL¨vjNy †Mvôx (ag©wfwËK, RvwZ‡MvôxwfwËK Ges wj½wfwËK)

Ges cÖwZeÜx gvbyl BZ¨vw`| wewfbœ cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi kZKiv m`m¨ (Kgx©mn) wn‡m‡e Avb‡Z n‡e, Zvici m~P‡Ki Dchy³ ¯’v‡b

Zv emv‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi GKwU †cÖvMÖvg cieZ©x cÖ‡hvRbvq 10 Rb m`m¨ i‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨

3 Rb cÖvwšÍK| d‡j wn‡me ùvovq-

3/10 X 100 = 30%

AskMÖn‡Yi GB nvi Ô†gvUvgywUÕ

1.3 : GB av‡c G‡m PviwU †¶‡Îi g‡a¨ bvix‡ì AskMÖnY †Kgb Zv hvPvB Kivi †Póv Kiv nq| GLv‡b KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi

bvixKg©x‡ìI AšÍf©y³ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖwZwU cÖPvwiZ Abyôv‡bi Kg©Kv‡Ð AšÍf©y³ mKj‡K †gvU a‡i wb‡q wnmve Kiv nq|

KwgDwbwU †iwWIi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z m`m¨mn cy‡iv m¤cÖ`v‡qi bvix‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi gvÎv mbv³ K‡i Dchy³ wnmve wbKvk K‡i

h_vh_ fv‡e Q‡K AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| aiv hvK Abyôv‡bi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z cÖwZ 10 R‡bi g‡a¨ 5 Rb bvix| G‡¶‡Î

AskMÖn‡Yi nvi 50% hv‡K Òfv‡jvÓ e‡jB a‡i †bqv hvq|

5/10 X 100 = 50%

AskMÖn‡Yi GB nvi Ôfv‡jvÕ

1.4 : GLv‡b ¸iyZ¡c~Y© e¨vcvi n‡jv, KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb me eqwm KwgDwbwU m`‡mï AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi †Póv Ki‡e|

GB cÖ‡kœi wnmve wbiƒc‡Y Abyôv‡bi Dcv`vb wba©viY I wbg©v‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †÷k‡bi Kg©xmn mKj‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e| hLb mKj

eqwmi AskMÖn‡Yi kZKiv nvi GK‡Î †hvM Kiv n‡e, ZLb Zv n‡e kZfv‡Mi KvQvKvwQ|

1.5 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi we‡bv`bg~jK †cÖvMÖv‡gi kZKvi nvi wbY©q Kiv nq, hvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq

wkíx/ZviKv‡ì Zy‡j Avbv nq| G †ÿ‡Î we‡bv`bg~jK Abyôvb wba©vi‡Y HKgZ¨ _vKv cÖ‡qvRb| KwgDwbwU †iwWI Av`wk©Kfv‡e

¯’vbxq cÖwZfv‡K Zy‡j Av‡b Ges Avwèvmx wkíKjv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i|

GB cÖ‡kœ ¯’vbxq cÖwZfvevb‡ì AskMÖn‡Y we‡bv`bg~jK †cÖvMÖv‡gi kZKiv nv‡ii Dci ¸iZ¡ †`qv nq, †hLv‡b KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷k‡b m¤úªPvwiZ mKj we‡bv`bg~jK †cÖvMÖv‡gi Zyjbvq Gi kZKiv nvi wn‡me Kiv nq| Gi g~j j¶¨ n‡jv, †mBme

we‡bv`bg~jK †cÖvMÖv‡gi nvi e…w× Kiv, hvi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq cÖwZfv I wkíKjv DrmvwnZ nq|

1.6 : GB cÖ‡kœ Z_¨ wbf©i Abyôv‡bi kZKiv nvi wbiƒcY Kiv nq, †h Abyôvb¸wj‡Z ’vbxq Rb‡Mvôx Ôwe‡klÁÕ wnmv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i|

Ôwe‡klÁÕ ej‡Z †KejgvÎ AvbyôvwbK ev cÖvwZôvwbK bq, hv‡ì i‡q‡Q AwfÁZv jä Ávb Zv‡ì‡K †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î

kZKiv wnmve wbiƒc‡Y †iwWI †÷k‡b m¤úªPvwiZ Z_¨ wbf©i me©‡gvU Abyôvb msL¨v‡K wfwË wn‡m‡e aiv nq| Gi jÿ¨ n‡jv Z_¨

wbf©i Abyôv‡bi kZKiv nvi e„w× Kiv, †hLv‡b Rb‡Mvôxi Ávb cÖwZdwjZ I DrmvwnZ nq| G‡¶‡ÎI we‡klÁ wn‡m‡e KwgDwbwU

m`m¨‡ì AvnŸvb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| G‡Z Z_¨ wbf©i Abyôvb¸‡jvi cÖK…Z msL¨vUv A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡ w`‡q wePvi Kiv nq| GLv‡b

†`Lv nq KZwU Z_¨ wbf©i Abyôvb cÖPvwiZ n‡jv Ges Zv‡Z KwgDwbwUi gvby‡li mvov`vb I AskMÖnY †Kgb|

1.7 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi m¤cÖPvwiK †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jvi wewfbœ aib/di‡gU bvbviKg †kÖvZv‡K AvK…ó K‡i|

ÒK_v ejvÓ ej‡Z †evSvq †Kvb GKRb e¨w³ †k«vZv‡ì m‡½ K‡_vcK_‡b wjß n‡q‡Qb|

Òmv¶vZKviÓ ej‡Z †evSvq mvaviYZ Avgš¿YKvwi I AwZw_i g‡a¨Kvi cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ|

ÒAv‡jvPbvÓ ej‡Z †evSvq GKwU †iwWI Abyôv‡b `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i cvi¯úwiK AvjvcPvwiZv|

Òf·ccÓ ej‡Z †evSvq BZ¯ÍZ wewÿß c_Pvixi m‡½ mvÿvrKvi, hvi jÿ¨ n‡jv †Kvb wbw`©wó wel‡q bvbv ai‡bi cÖwZwµqv

I gZvgZ Rvbv|

Òg¨vMvwRb AbyôvbÕÕ ej‡Z †evSvq, †hLv‡b bvbv wel‡qi Ici Avjv`v AvB‡Ug ev c¨v‡KR _v‡K|

Ò†gav A‡š^lYÓev ÒU¨v‡j›U †kvÕÕ ej‡Z Ggb Abyôvb‡K †evSvq †h Abyôv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q m½xZ ev GiKg Ab¨vb¨ wel‡q

bZzb I cÖwZfvevb‡ì Lyu‡R †ei Kiv nq| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Zvi Abyôvbm~wP‡Z hZ †ewk msL¨K †cÖvMÖvg iv‡L, ZZ Zv êwPÎ¨ jvf K‡i Ges wewfbœ †kÖvZv‡K

AvK…ó K‡i| GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWIi ewPÎ¨c~Y© Abyôvb e…w×i m¤¢vebvi cwimi evov‡bvi ¶gZv _vK‡Z n‡e, hv evwYwR¨K †iwWI

cÖvqB Gwo‡q hvq| GKwU †÷kb Kvw•ÿZ gvÎvq bZzb bZzb †cÖvMÖvg wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i

†mwU KZLvwb wbqwgZ Abyôv‡bi mv‡_ bZzb bZzb Abyôvb mswgkª‡Y mvgÄm¨ weavb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q|

1.8 : GB cÖ‡kœ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi msMÖn I msiÿ‡Yi Abykxjb‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G wel‡q †÷kb Pvjy nIqvi ci †_‡K

b~¨bZg 3 gv‡mi PjwZ msMÖnkvjv we‡ewPZ n‡e| mvaviYfv‡e msMÖnkvjv n‡jv GKwU gvbm¤§Z †iwWI Abykxj‡bi Ask|

mvaviYZ GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Rb¨ msMÖnkvjv KwgDwbwUi †gŠwLK BwZnvm Ges ms¯‹…wZi msi¶Y I m¤cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î Gi

`¶Zvi cwiPvqK |

1.9 : ÒAbyôvb DbœqbÓ-G Kgx©‡ì mvaviY m¶gZv e…w×i cÖ‡qvRbxqZv GB cÖ‡kœ g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| hLb A‡bKvs‡k GwU cÖvß

m¤ú‡ì Ici wbf©ikxj †m‡¶‡Î civgk© n‡jv †h, eQ‡i AšÍZ `ywU Kg©kvjv Av‡qvRb Kiv, hv‡Z Kgx©‡ì AvMÖn a‡i ivLv hvq

Ges Zv‡ì `¶Zvi Dbœqb N‡U|

3.2. bxwZ I wb‡`©kbv

GLv‡b KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î miKvi cÖbxZ bxwZgvjvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv

n‡q‡Q| †`‡ki cÖPwjZ bxwZgvjv we‡ePbvq wb‡qB, wek¦e¨vcx KwgDwbwU †iwWImg~n Zv‡ì bxwZgvjv I wb‡`©kbv

cÖYqb K‡i, hv‡Z _v‡K mK‡ji AskMÖn‡Y mnvqK bxwZ, cÖwZwbwaZ¡, mvgvwRK b¨vh¨Zv Ges †÷kb Kg©x‡ì Rb¨

ˆbwZKZvi gvb`Ð| KwgDwbwU †iwWI cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î GB bxwZgvjv I †KŠkj¸‡jv AbymiY Ki‡j KvR A‡bK

mnR n‡q hvq-

2.1 : G‡¶‡Î cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb miKvi cÖbxZ bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© mswkøó †÷K‡nvìvi †hgb: Gi

Kg©xe„›`, †¯^v”Qv‡meK, †kÖvZv I eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi m`m¨‡ì AewnZ K‡i‡Q wKbv| Gi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv †iwWI †÷kb AvBb weiæ×

Ggb wKQz Ki‡e bv, Zv wbwðZ Kiv|

2.2 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb cwiPvjbvi bxwZgvjv GKwU e„nËi cwim‡i cwiPvwjZ n‡jI, †iwWI †÷kb Gi wbR¯^ jÿ¨, Av`k©,

`k©b‡K my¯úó iƒ‡c cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡e, †mUvB cÖZ¨vwkZ|

2.3 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †iwWI †÷kb‡K Zv‡ì Abyôvbgvjvq mK‡ji AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kivi A½xKvi †LvjvLywjfv‡e Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨

DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| Kg©KZ©v I Rb‡Mvôxi wbKU mnR‡eva¨ Kivi Rb¨ GB cÖwZkÖæwZ ¯’vbxq fvlvq cÖYxZ nIqv DwPZ| (cÖ‡hvR¨

†¶‡Î wUK w`b)

2.4 : mKj Kg©Pvix Kg©KZ©v †_‡K ïiæ K‡i †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì ch©šÍ KvR Kivi Dchy³ cwi‡ek m„wói j‡¶¨ cÖwZwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷k‡bi GKwU wjwLZ bxwZgvjv _vKv cÖZ¨vwkZ| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

2.5 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Abyôvb m¤úªPv‡ii †¶‡Î cðv`c`‡ì KÉ¯î‡K AšÍf©y³ K‡i mgvR cwieZ©b‡K GwM‡q †b‡e| myZivs

GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g wbiƒcY Kiv n‡e †iwWI †÷k‡bi bxwZgvjv cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi mgm¨v¸‡jvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Q wKbv| (cÖ‡hvR¨

†¶‡Î wUK w`b)

2.6 : GKwU welq †Lqvj ivLv me †_‡K Riæwi, Zv n‡”Q KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z Abyôvb cÖPv‡ii mgq mgv‡Ri mKj ¯Í‡ii K_v †hb

AšÍf©y³ nq| Gi gva¨‡g GUv wbwðZ Kiv hv‡Z †kÖvZv Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ †Kvb we‡kl MÖæc †hb ev` bv c‡o| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK

w`b)

2.7 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wj weÁvc‡bi †ÿ‡Î wbw`©ó evwYwR¨K bxwZgvjv †g‡b Pj‡e, G‡ÿ‡Î weKí _vK‡Z cv‡i †hgb: (K)

¯’vbxq cY¨ I †mev wel‡q KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z cÖPvwiZ weÁvcb cÖPv‡i wb‡lavÁvg~jK bxwZgvjv (L) †÷kb¸wj Gi evB‡i wM‡q

wK ai‡bi weÁvcb cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ Zviv MÖnY Ki‡e, †m bxwZgvjv cÖbqb Ki‡e (M) KwgDwbwU †iwWI wbR¯^ `k©b I bxwZgvjvi

Av‡jv‡K Gi weÁvcb m¤úªPv‡ii Ici wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc Ki‡e|

2.8: GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g wbiƒcY Kiv n‡e †÷k‡b wb‡qvwRZ wewfbœ ai‡bi MÖæ‡ci g‡a¨ KvR Kivi †ÿ‡Î mywbw`©ó AvPiY wewagvjv i‡q‡Q

wKbv| Gi gva¨‡g ¯^w¯ÍKi I mK‡ji Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek wbwðZ Kiv hv‡e|

2.9 : GB cÖ‡kœ †`Lv nq, GKwU †iwWI †÷kb Gi bxwZgvjv, wbg©vY, wecYb BZ¨vw` bvbv †ÿ‡Î Kg©xi evB‡iI µgvMZfv‡e wKfv‡e Gi

we‡klÁ‡ì msL¨v evovq| mgv‡Ri wewfbœ †kÖwYi `ÿZv evov‡bvi gva¨‡g, †iwWI †÷kb †h †KejgvÎ Gi Kg©xevwnbxi Ici

wbf©ikxj bq, Zv wbwðZ Kiv n‡e|

2.10 : GUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h, GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb ïay bxwZgvjv cÖYqb Ki‡e bv, Gi wewfbœ mn‡hvMx/AskfvMx‡ì g‡a¨

cvi¯úwiK m‡PZbZv m„wó Ki‡e| Gi d‡j †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì †÷kb m¤ú‡K© A‡hŠw³K cÖZ¨vkv Ges Zv †_‡K D™¢~Z m¤¢ve¨ msNvZ

Gov‡bv mnR n‡e| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

2.11 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi wbR¯^ bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© †÷K‡nvìvi‡ì m‡PZbZv e…w×i Rb¨ †h c×wZ¸‡jv Aej¤^b Kiv nq, GB

cÖ‡kœ Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡e| hZ †ewk c×wZ eënvi Kiv hvq ZZB DËg|

3. 3 †¯^”Qv‡meKe„›`

wek¦e¨vcx KwgDwbwU †iwWI Lv‡Z †¯^”Qv‡meKMY AZ¨vek¨Kxq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb| AwaKvsk

†÷k‡bi ga¨g I ¯^í e¨q m¤úbœ A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gv I Aswk`vix êwk‡óï we‡ePbvq G‡Z KwgDwbwU

†_‡K †¯^”Qv‡meK wb‡qvM m‡e©vËg cš’v e‡j we‡ewPZ nq|

GB gvb`‡Ði wfwË‡Z Avgiv Ò†¯^”Qv‡meKÓ kãwU‡K Gfv‡e msÁvwqZ Ki‡Z cvwi †h, Ô†¯^”Qv‡meKÕ

Ggb Rb‡Mvôx hviv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b f~wgKv ev Ae`vb iv‡L wKš‘ †÷k‡bi †eZbfy³ bq|

UyjwK‡Ui GB Aa¨vqwU‡Z †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cÖwZ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi g‡bvfve ev `„wó‡KvY we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb Zv‡ì

wb‡qvM, cwiwPwZ, Zv‡ì Rb¨ eivÏ my‡hvM myweav I `vq `vwqZ¡| G cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q †iwWI †÷k‡b KvR Kivi Rb¨ †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì

GKwU wbqwgZ `j (K¨vWvi) M‡o †Zvjv nq, Zv‡ì‡K e¯‘MZ myweavwì AvIZvq G‡b DÏxß ivLv nq Ges †÷kb I Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨

GKwU †UKmB m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjv nq|

3.1 : cÖ_g cÖkœ n‡jv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b Kg©iZ mKj m`‡mï Zyjbvq †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì kZKiv nvi| GLv‡b †÷k‡bi mKj

Abyôv‡b AšÍf©y³ mKj Rb‡Mvôx‡K we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b 20 Rb †jvK KvR K‡i

wewfbœ wefv‡M| hvi g‡a¨ 5 Rb †¯^”Qv‡meK| Zvn‡j kZKiv nvi n‡e-

5/20 X 100 = 25%

Ackb (L) mwVK DËi

G cÖ‡kœi g‡a¨ wbwnZ `xN©‡gqv`x jÿ¨ n‡jv, †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì kZKiv nvi evov‡bv|

3.2 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi GKwU welq wPšÍv Kiv DwPZ †h, KZ ai‡bi êwPÎ¨c~Y© Dcv‡q †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì AvK…ó Kiv hvq| cÖ`Ë

ZvwjKvwU wb‡`©kbvg~jK, Z‡e †kl Ack‡b †÷kb Av‡iv bZyb c×wZ ms‡hvRb Ki‡Z cv‡i| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨

wba©vwiZ n‡e m‡e©v”P msL¨K Dcv‡q †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì AvK…ó Kiv, hv‡Z K‡i m‡e©v”P msL¨K Rb‡Mvôx †¯^”Qvq †÷k‡bi Kv‡R

AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡i| ÔI‡cb nvDRÕ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q GKwU wba©vwiZ w`b I mg‡q †iwWI †÷kb RbM‡Yi Rb¨ Ly‡j †Ìqv

hv‡Z Zviv †÷k‡bi Kvh©µg †`L‡Z cv‡i I Kg©x‡ì m‡½ †LvjvLywjfv‡e gZwewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.3: G cÖ‡kœ Lyu‡R †ei Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì AvK…ó Kivi Rb¨ c~e© †_‡K †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv

Av‡Q wK bv| we‡klZ KwgDwbwUi IB †mKkb †_‡K hviv AwaKvi ewÂZ|

ÒcÖvwšÍK Rb‡MvôxÓ ej‡Z GLv‡b `wjZ mgvR Ges DcRvwZ ev b„-†Mvôx †evSv‡e|

ÒmsL¨vjNy Rb‡MvôxÓ ej‡Z ag©, fvlv, RvwZ, wj½wfwËK msL¨vjNy Rb‡Mvôx Ges cÖwZeÜx| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.4 : †h‡Kv‡bv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b wbqwgZ †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cwieZ©b (Kg©¯’j Z¨vM) we‡ePbvq GUv Riæwi welq †h,

†¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cÖwZwU bZyb e¨vP‡K †÷k‡bi bxwZ I †cÖvMÖv‡gi mv‡_ c×wZMZ Kg©kvjv Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dcv‡q cwiwPZ K‡i

†Zvjv|

Òwcqvi Uz wcqvi jvwb©sÓ ej‡Z †evSvq †R¨ô †÷kb Kgx© A_ev A‡c¶vK…Z †ewk AwfÁZvm¤úbœ †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì gva¨‡g bZyb‡ì

cÖwk¶Y †`qv| †hLv‡b wbi¶iZv †Kv‡bv evav bq, †mLv‡b †÷k‡bi bxwZgvjv, Kg©m~wP Ges †÷k‡bi MVb I cÖhyw³i Dci GKwU

mvaviY wb‡`©kbv _vK‡Z cv‡i hvi gva¨‡g ÒIwi‡q‡›UkbÓ cÖ`vb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.5 : G cÖ‡kœ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Kx Kx Dcv‡q †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì m¤§vbx cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv cixÿv Kiv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ bxwZMZfv‡e

GKwU Av`k© KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b †Kv‡bv †¯^”Qv‡meK †Kv‡bv m¤§vbx ev †eZ‡bi Avkv wb‡q †¯^”Qvq †mev w`‡Z Av‡m bv|

wKš‘ cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbvq Zv ev¯Íe m¤§Z bq| GLv‡b Zv‡ì †mevi Dci wfwË K‡i †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì m¤§vbxwenxb Ae¯’v †_‡K

wba©vwiZ m¤§vbx ch©šÍ wewfbœ avivµ‡gi ZvwjKv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.6 : GB cÖ‡kœ we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, †iwWI †÷k‡bi m‡½ †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì bKU¨ I NwbôZv †Rvi`vi Kivi Rb¨ †÷k‡bi cÿ †_‡K

Zv‡ì Rb¨ we‡kl myweav I Zv‡ì f~wgKv/Ae`vb‡K DrmvwnZ Kivi j‡ÿ¨ wK wK Dcvq Aej¤^b Kiv nq| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK

w`b)

3.7 GB cÖ‡kœ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb KZ…©K †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cÖ`Ë Kv‡Ri cwimi we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi

jÿ¨ n‡jv, †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì mwVK fv‡e Kv‡R jvMv‡bv, hviv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi m¤ú~Y© cwim‡ii g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡e| GQvov

GLv‡b †eZbf~³ Kg©Pvix‡ì Ici wbf©ikxjZv Kgv‡bvi cš’v we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.8: GB cÖ‡kœi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv wKfv‡e GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Zvi †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cwiPvjbv Ki‡e, hLb †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì wbw`©ó

avivµ‡g wb‡qvM Ges cwiwPZKiY ¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq e‡j we‡ewPZ nq| ZLb Lye Mfxifv‡e †÷kb Zv‡ì f~wgKvi e¨vcv‡i

Avkvev`x n‡q _v‡K| Ackb (K) †Z †÷k‡b GKwU wbw`©ó `‡ji g‡a¨ †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì KvR Kivi civgk© †`qv nq| †hgb,

†cÖvMÖvwgs MÖæc ev GKwU b¨v‡iv Kvw÷s MÖæc|

Ackb (L) G ejv n‡q‡Q, †÷k‡bi †¯^”Qv‡meKmn cÖwZwU MÖæ‡ci wbw`©ó Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv _vK‡e|

(cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.9: GB cÖ‡kœ †`Lv nq wKfv‡e KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Zvi †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡K| GKwU †¯^”Qv‡meK `‡j wb‡qvM

Ges cÖwkÿY G Kvi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, hv‡Z †÷kb Zv‡ì Ae`vb‡K h_vh_fv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

weKí (O) †÷k‡b †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì `jxq web¨vm‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq; †hgb †cÖvMÖvwgs `j A_ev b¨v‡iv Kvw÷s `j|

weKí (P) †÷k‡b †¯^”Qv‡meKmn cÖ‡Z¨KwU `‡ji wbw`©ó wWDwU PvU© _vK‡Z cv‡i| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.4: cÖhyw³ : cÖ‡ek AwfMg¨Zv Ges eë¯’vcbv

mwZ¨Kvi AskMÖnYg~jK KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb cwiPvjbvi PvweKvwV n‡jv mwVK cÖhyw³ wba©viY Kiv

Ges `wi`ª I cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡Z Zvi cÖ‡ek/eënvi wbwðZ Kiv| cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi K_v ejvi my‡hvM

K‡i †`qvi R‡b¨ mwµqfv‡e cÖhyw³i eënv‡i Zv‡ì AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

`yieZ©x ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vbKvix ewnivMZ we‡klÁ‡ì Dci AwZwi³ wbf©ikxjZvi Kvi‡Y w`‡b w`‡b †iwWI

†÷k‡bi ¯^vfvweK Kvh©µg ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq Ges `¶Zv K‡g Av‡m| ZvB GUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h †÷kb‡K

wb‡R‡ì ÷vd I †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cÖhyw³MZ `¶Zv e…w×i gva¨‡g hZUv m¤¢e AvZ¥wbf©ikxj n‡Z n‡e|

4.1 : GB cÖ‡kœ AbymÜvb Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, Kviv H †÷k‡bi hš¿cvwZ cwiPvjbv Ki‡e| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ n‡jv cÖvwšÍK

bvix I Rb‡Mvôxi Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡ì GB hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv eënv‡ii my‡hvM K‡i †`qv| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

4.2 : GRb¨ avivevwnK cÖwk¶Y cÖ‡qvRb †hb KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi ÷vdMY wb‡Riv H cÖhyw³ eë¯’vcbvq AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡q DV‡Z

cv‡i| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ n‡e Ôwcqvi Uz wcqviÕ cÖwk¶‡Yi gva¨‡g G‡K Aci‡K †kLv‡bvi eë¯’v Kiv, hv A‡bK

†ewk DrK…ó I e¨qevÜe|

Òwcqvi Uz wcqvi cÖwk¶YÓ ej‡Z ÷vd m`m¨‡ì cÖwk¶Y †evSvq| †hLv‡b wbR †÷kb A_ev Ab¨ †÷kb †_‡K cÖwk¶Y|

ÒAdmvBU cÖwkÿYÓ ej‡Z †evSvq ewnivMZ ms¯’v †_‡K cwiPvwjZ cÖwk¶Y Kg©kvjv †hgb (CEMCA, UNICEF, UNESCO, Ideosyc, FPU) BZ¨vw`|

ÒAbmvBU cÖwkÿYÓ ej‡Z †evSvq Ab¨ RvqMv †_‡K †ckv`vi cÖwk¶K G‡m Kgx©‡ì cÖwk¶Y †`qv| †hgb, (NIMC, BNNRC, FPU) BZ¨vw`|

4.3 : G cÖ‡kœ Kgx© I KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡ì KvwiMwi cÖwk¶‡Yi avivevwnKZv cix¶v Kiv nq| hLb GUv †÷k‡bi mvd‡jï Ici wbf©ikxj

myZivs G‡¶‡Î civgk© _v‡K †h, Kgx©‡ì AvMÖn a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ Ges Zv‡ì `¶Zvi Dbœq‡b eQ‡i AšÍZ ywU Kg©kvjvi eë ’v ivLv|

4.4 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Ggbfv‡e Zvi ÷vd I †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì cÖhyw³‡Z `¶ K‡i Zyj‡e, †hb cQ›`gZ cÖhyw³ eënv‡ii †ÿ‡Î

A‡bï Ici wbf©ikxj nIqvi cwie‡Z© Zviv wb‡Riv †e‡Q wb‡Z m¶g nq, †Kvb cÖhyw³ eënvi Ki‡e| hLb mnRjf¨ cÖhyw³i

Dci †ckv`vwi gZvgZmg~n cÖ‡qvRb nq, ZLb †÷kb †f‡e †`L‡Z cv‡i wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î mwVK †ckv`vi e¨w³i Dcw¯’wZ

wbwðZ n‡q‡Q wKbv|

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ ÷vd Ges †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡KB wm×všÍ MÖnYKvix Lyu‡R †ei Kiv| Zv‡ì AwfÁZv I

wm×všÍ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi hš¿cvwZ¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv eënvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i Zyj‡Z cv‡i, hv n‡e ïay eënvi Dc‡hvMxB bq

eis eënvi evÜeI|

4.5 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi hš¿cvwZi wbqwgZ ev iæwUb gvwdK eë¯’vcbv‡K wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKwU Av`k©

†÷k‡bi Af¨šÍixY Kg©x I KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡ì wb‡q Ggb GKwU j _vK‡Z n‡e, hviv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e Gi hš¿cvwZi †`Lfvj Ki‡Z

cv‡i| †KejgvÎ Lye RwUj mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡j †ckv`vi‡ì kiYvcbœ nIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|

4.6 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi AvZ¥wbf©ikxjZvi gvÎv wbiƒcY Kiv n‡q‡Q hLb †Kv‡bv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi

†Kv‡bv hš¿cvwZi Iqv‡iw›Ui †gqv` †kl n‡q hvq Ges Zv †givg‡Zi ìKvi nq| G‡ÿ‡Î ¯’vbxqfv‡e †givgZ Kiv m¤¢e nIqvi

cvkvcvwk KL‡bv KL‡bv †ckv`vi KvwiMi‡ì mnvqZv †bqv †hŠw³K e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e|

4.7 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi cÖhyw³MZ hš¿cvwZ eënviKvix‡ì mnvqK g¨vbyqvj/wb‡`©wkKv we‡kølY Kiv n‡q‡Q|

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ n‡jv, Ggb eënvi wb‡`©kK wba©viY Kiv hv H GjvKvevmxi fvlvq nIqvUv Riæwi| GwU

†Kv¤úvwbi eënvi wb‡`©wkKv eënv‡ii †P‡q mnR| ÷vdiv Zv‡ì AwfÁZv¸‡jv‡K bw_e× Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvov bvbv D™¢yZ

cwiw¯’wZ e¨vL¨v we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯úó K‡i Zzj‡Z cv‡i|

4.8 : cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM Ges Ab¨vb¨ `yN©Ubv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi gvivZ¥K ¶wZi KviY n‡Z cv‡i, hv A_©‰bwZK wech©q NUvq|

GUv †÷k‡bi m¤úªPvi †mev eÜ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| ZvB GiKg cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq cÖ‡qvRbxq hš¿cvwZi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ Ki‡Z

n‡e| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b|)

4.9: †hme GjvKvq cÖvqkB †jvW‡kwWs I we`y¨r weåvU N‡U, †m me GjvKvi Rb¨ †÷k‡b weKí we`y¨‡Zi eë¯’v _vK‡Z n‡e|

4.10: †h‡nZz ewnwe©‡k¦ B›Uvi‡bU †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q, †m‡nZz KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hv‡Mi welqwU

we‡ePbvq wb‡Z n‡e|

4.11: GB cÖ‡kœ wewfbœ c_/Dcvq m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq hvi gva¨‡g †kÖvZviv Abyôv‡b hy³ _v‡K Ges AskMÖnY K‡i|

3.5 m¤úªPv‡ii gvb

Z_¨ I m¤cÖPvi gš¿Yvjq KZ©…K Bmy¨K…Z RvZxq KwgDwbwU †iwWI bxwZgvjvi w`K wb‡`©kbvq mvaviY m¤cÖPvi

bxwZgvjvmn evwYwR¨K weavbvejx AbymiY Kivi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GB gvb`‡Û KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb‡K

ïaygvÎ wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv g~j¨vqb bv K‡i Zv‡ì wbR wbR Ae¯’vb †_‡KI cwiw¯’wZ we‡ePbv I g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z

n‡e| GB g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î KwgDwbwU †iwWIi e…nËi `k©b A_ev D‡`¨v³v GbwRI ev mswkøó KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷k‡bi D‡Ïk¨‡KI we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

GUv DËg n‡e †h, hw` KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Ggb GKwU m¤cÖPvi gvb`Ð Zwi K‡i hv KwgDwbwU †iwWI Ges ’vbxq †PZbvi g~jbxwZi

m‡½ mvgÄm¨c~Y©| GUv RvZxq KwgDwbwU †iwWI bxwZi D‡a©Ÿ ¯’vwcZ n‡Z cv‡i|

5.1 : G cÖ‡kœ Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq, KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi †cÖvMÖvg¸‡jv b~¨bZg gvb`Û †g‡b P‡j wKbv, hv miKv‡ii bxwZ wb‡`©kbvq

wba©vwiZ A_ev Gi evB‡iI KwgDwbwU †iwWIi wbR¯^ bxwZgvjvi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ wKbv| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

5.2 : G cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †evSvi †Póv Kiv nq, wKfv‡e KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Kg©x I †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì †cÖvMÖv‡gi bxwZgvjvi m‡½

cwiwPZ K‡i †Zv‡j| †÷k‡bi j¶¨ ïaygvÎ weavb¸‡jvi Dci Kg©x‡ì m‡PZbZv e…w×B bq eis Ggb wKQy Dcvq evZ‡j †`qv,

hvi gva¨‡g Kg©xiv GB weav‡bi mv‡_ GKxf~Z n‡q I‡V| (`qv K‡i cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

5.3 : hLb cwiwPwZ I cÖwk¶Y Kg©x‡ì‡K wewfbœ weav‡bi mv‡_ GKxf~Z n‡Z mnvqZv K‡i ZLb GUvI Aek¨ KiYxq †h Zviv †hb

welqmg~‡ni mv‡_ eva¨Zvg~jK weavbvejxi mvgÄm¨ weavb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨_vq †÷kb¸wj AvBwb Sv‡gjvq co‡Z cv‡i| GUv

¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb m¤¢ve¨ mKj c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e †hb weavbmg~n AeÁv Kiv bv nq| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK

w`b)

5.4 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †`Lv n‡e c~e© mZK©xKiY _vKv m‡Ë¡I hLb GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb AvBb f½ K‡i ZLb wK c`‡ÿc

MÖnY Kiv nq| m…ó mwnsmZvi/AvBb fv½vi gvÎvbyhvqx kvw¯Í wba©vwiZ n‡e| †÷k‡bi Aek¨B m¤úªPv‡ii mgq msNwUZ Aciv‡ai

Rb¨ ¶gv cÖv_©bvi gZ wewfbœ Revew`wnZvi Dcvq _vK‡Z n‡e| Zviv Aek¨B cÖwZ‡ivag~jK c`‡¶c wba©viY Ki‡e| †hgb

wba©vwiZ mgqv‡šÍ m‡PZbZvg~jK Kg©kvjvi eë¯’v Kiv|

3.6 wbR¯^ kvmb/cwiPvjb eë¯’v

wbR¯^ kvmb/cwiPvjb eë¯’v ej‡Z KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi cÖwµqv I KvVv‡gv‡K

†evSv‡bv nq| Avkv Kiv nq G¸‡jv‡Z AskMÖnYg~jK êwkó¨ _vK‡e Ges Gi g~jbxwZi mv‡_ ¯^”QZv I

Revew`wnZv _vK‡e| eë¯’vcbv KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ KwgDwbwUi wewfbœ ¯Í‡ii cÖwZwbwaZ¡ (we‡kl K‡i cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ †_‡K) _vK‡e,

hviv wewfbœ †cÖvMÖv‡g cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡e| GUv †h‡Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡gi c~e© kZ© nIqv DwPZ| Zv‡ì GB AšÍf©y³KiY HwZnvwmKfv‡e hviv

êl‡gï wkKvi Zv‡ì ÿgZvqb Ki‡e| UyjwK‡Ui GB †mKkb AskMÖnYg~jK cwiPvjbv eë¯’vi gvb`Ð g~j¨vqb K‡i|

6.1 : G cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb bxwZ wba©viY msµvšÍ wm×všÍ MÖn‡bi bvbv c_ AbymÜvb K‡i| GKwU Av`k© †÷k‡bi

wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ cÖvwZôvwbK cwil` _vK‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b êafv‡e KwgDwbwUi m`mïv cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡e Zv‡ì wbR wbR

†Mvôxi ¯^v‡_©| hLb †kÖvZvgÐjx, RbgZ Ges ÷vd m`m¨‡ì civgk© †bqv cÖZ¨vwkZ nq, ZLb Zv mykvm‡bi cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gvi

weKí n‡Z cv‡i bv| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

6.2 : G cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †`Lv nq †h, KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b civgk©K cwil` Av‡Q wKbvÑ hv †÷kb‡K Abyôvb wbg©v‡Y civgk© †`q

Ges bxwZgvjv cÖYqb K‡i|

6.3 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †`Lv nq KwgDwbwU †iwWIi civgk©K cwil` KZ w`b cici mfvq wgwjZ nq| †h‡nZz KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷kb‡K bvbvwea P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq, †m‡nZz civgk©K cwil`‡K hZevi m¤¢e mfvq wgwjZ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡Z

cv‡i|

6.4 : †h‡nZz civgk©K cwil` Abyôv‡bi welqe¯‘ I †bUIqvwK©s m¤ú‡K© civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i| myZivs †÷k‡bi m¤úªPvi msµvšÍ bxwZ I

Rb‡Mvôxi Pvwn`vi m‡½ cÖvmw½KZvi †ÿ‡ÎI GB cwil` civgk© cÖ`vb K‡i|

6.5 : G cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †`Lv nq †h, KwgDwbwU †iwWIi eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Av‡Q wKbv, hv †÷kb‡K bvbvb wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y g~j f~wgKv cvjb

K‡i Ges bvbvwea bxwZ cÖYqb K‡i| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

6.6 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †`Lv nq, KwgDwbwU †iwWIi eë¯’vcbv cwil` KZ w`b cici mfvq wgwjZ nq| †h‡nZz KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷kb‡K bvbvwea P¨v‡j‡Äi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq, †m‡nZz eë¯’vcbv cwil`‡K hZ evi m¤¢e mfvq wgwjZ nIqvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡Z

cv‡i| g~jZ KwgDwbwU †iwWIi eë¯’vcbv cwil‡ì Kgc‡ÿ 3 gv‡m GKevi G ai‡bi D™¢~Z SuywKmg~n ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv

mgxPxb| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

6.7 : †h‡nZz KwgDwbwU †iwWIi eë¯’vcbv cwil` civgk©‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡i, GwU bvbv wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ wgwjZ

nq, hv †÷k‡bi Kvh©µg‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i| GQvovI ¯’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM iÿv Ges A¨vW‡fv‡Kwmi Kv‡R m¤ú„³

nIqvi gva¨‡g GB KwgwU †÷k‡bi fveg~wZ© D¾¡j K‡i| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

6.8 : GUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h, KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Ggbfv‡e MwVZ nq, hv‡Z mgv‡Ri mKj †kÖwY, we‡kl K‡i HwZnvwmKfv‡e

hviv êl‡gï wkKvi Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ nq| KwgwU‡Z bvbv †kÖwYi cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i d‡j wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †ÿ‡Î wewfbœ †kÖwYi

Ae¯’vb I ¯^v_© mgybœZ _v‡K|

6.9 : GB cÖ‡kœ †`Lv nq, Kg©x-Kg©KZ©v wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î M„nxZ bxwZgvjv †÷k‡bi ¯^v_©‡K m‡e©v”P AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Q wKbv|

GB cÖwµqvq D‡`¨v³v/cÖwZôvZv ms¯’vi n¯Í‡ÿc _vKv DwPr bq| †iwWI †÷k‡bi jÿ¨ n‡e Kg©x wb‡qvM cÖwµqv hZ `~i m¤¢e ¯^”Q

I AskMÖnYg~jK ivLv| Gi jÿ¨ n‡jv, c×wZ hvB †nvK, mwVK Kv‡R mwVK e¨w³ evQvB Kiv| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

6.10: GB cÖkœ Ggb GKwU aviYvi Ici wfwË K‡i Kiv nq †h, †kÖvZv‡ì mv‡_ wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM †÷kb I eë¯’vcbv KwgwU‡K cÖK…Z

ev¯ÍeZvq wm×všÍ wb‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q wKbv|

6.11: GKwU mdj KwgDwbwU †iwWIi †÷kb me mgq Zv‡ì ìRv †Lvjv iv‡L hv‡Z hLb B”Qv ZLb KwgDwbwUi m`mïv †÷kb

cwi`k©b Ki‡Z cv‡i| hw` KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb KwgDwbwUi Rb¨ cwi`k©‡bi my‡hvM †`q Ges KwgDwbwUi Kvh©µ‡g AskMÖnY

K‡i, †m‡ÿ‡Î Rbmvavi‡Yi mv‡_ †÷k‡bi GKwU †hvMm~Î ˆZwi nq| K‡Éi mv‡_ mivmwi `k©b/mvÿvr gvbyl‡K †÷kb wPb‡Z

mnvqZv K‡i| GUv wfbœ GKwU m„Rbkxj c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i|

6.12: GUv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h, KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb KwgDwbwU‡K Askx`vix cwiPvjbv eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© aviYv †`q| KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡ì

Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb, Zviv †÷k‡bi cwiPvjbvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †÷kb Zv‡ì gZvgZ‡K ¸iæZ¡ †`q| †÷k‡bi Rb¨ Av`k©

bxwZ n‡”Q, †÷kbwU KwgDwbwUi me©e„nr cwim‡i Z_¨ †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqvi Rb¨ mKj m¤¢ve¨ c_ eënvi Ki‡e|

3.7 Awf‡hvM I gZvgZ

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb mvaviYZ †k«vZv‡ì Pvwn`v Ges ¯^v‡_©i Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq| ZvB KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷k‡b †kÖvZvgÐjxi cÖwZwµqv I Awf‡hvM bw_e×Ki‡Yi GKwU mvgÄm¨c~Y© eë¯’v _vKv GKvšÍ Avek¨K|

G UyjwKUwUi D‡Ï¨kï we‡ePbvq ÒAwf‡hvM ej‡Z †evSvq †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv A_ev Awf‡hvM hv KwgDwbwU

†iwWI †÷k‡bi †kÖvZvgÐjxi KvQ †_‡K Av‡m| Avevi ÒwdWe¨vKÓ ej‡Z †kÖvZvgÐjxi KvQ †_‡K Abyôv‡b †Kvb cwieZ©‡bi civgk©,

Dbœqb A_ev bZyb D‡`¨v‡Mi civgk© ¯îƒc hv Av‡m|

7.1: GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †kÖvZvgÐjxi KvQ †_‡K cÖwZwµqv msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i Zv Rvb‡Z

PvIqv nq|

Ò†kÖvZv RwicÓ Gi gva¨‡g AvbyôvwbK cÖwµqvq †÷kb †kÖvZv‡ì ga¨ †_‡K cÖkœgvjvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwµqv msM«n K‡i|

Ògy‡LvgywL mv¶vrÓ Gi gva¨‡g cÖwZwµqv msMÖn Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †hgb e¨w³MZ †hvMv‡hvM, b¨v‡iv Kvw÷s Awa‡ekb, gvV I

÷ywWI‡Z †iKwW©s Awa‡ekb BZ¨vw`|

ÒmvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨gÓ ej‡Z †evSvq †dmeyK, UyBUvi, ¸Mjcøvm, BDwUDe BZ¨vw` gva¨‡gi eënvi|

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ n‡Z n‡e †kÖvZvgÐjxi KvQ †_‡K cÖwZwµqv msMÖ‡ni mKj gva¨‡gi h_vh_ eënvi| hv‡Z

AwfÁZv msMÖ‡ni cvi¯úwiK cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡q mwµq †kÖvZvgÐjx M‡o D‡V| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)|

7.2 : †kÖvZvgÐjxi KvQ †_‡K Avmv/cÖvß cÖwZwµqv cÖwµqvKiY Ges we‡kølY KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR| KwgDwbwU

†iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ ïaygvÎ cÖwZwµqv msMÖn I we‡kølY KivB bq eis hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq Z‡e civgk©¸‡jv ev¯Íevqb Kiv|

GKÎxKiY I we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g msL¨vqb, cÖwZwµqv¸wji †kÖYxKiY I mvgvwRK A_© eë¯’vi wPÎ, †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw`

hvPvB Kiv nq|

weKí (N) Gi gva¨‡g g~j msMV‡bi mv‡_ wKQy wKQy cÖwZwµqv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| KviY Gi gva¨‡g evowZ m¤ú‡ì

†hvMvb wKsev m¤¢ve¨ Kg©c×wZ cwieZ©b Kiv nq|

weKí (O) Abyhvqx †kÖvZvgÐjxi KvQ †_‡K Avmv cÖwZwµqv m¤cÖPvi Kiv wek¦e¨vcx †iwWI †÷k‡bi GKUv ¯^vfvweK KvR/`vwqZ¡|

Gi gva¨‡g †kÖvZvgÐjx eyS‡Z cvi‡e Zv‡ì cÖwZwµqvi g~j¨ Av‡Q| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

7.3 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb †kÖvZvgÐjxi KvQ †_‡K Awf‡hvM msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ †Kvb †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i Zv

Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq|

Ògy‡LvgywL mv¶vrÓ-Gi gva¨‡g Awf‡hvM¸‡jv Avm‡Z cv‡i, †hgb e¨w³MZ †hvMv‡hvM, b¨v‡iv Kvw÷s Awa‡ekb, gvV I ÷ywWI‡Z

†iKwW©s‡qi mgq|

Awf‡hvM¸‡jv Abyôv‡bi welqe¯‘, m¤cÖPvi gvb, Bmy¨mg~‡ni cÖwZwbwaZ¡, mgq wefvR‡bi h_v_©Zv, †iwWI †÷k‡bi ÷vd

cwiPvjbv BZ¨vwì m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ n‡Z cv‡i| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi D‡Ï¨k¨ nIqv DwPZ H me gva¨‡gi DËg eënvi

hvi gva¨‡g †kÖvZvgÐjx Zv‡ì Awf‡hvM¸‡jv †÷k‡bi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i hvi d‡j †÷kb eûgyLx †cÖw¶‡Zi m‡½ hy³/D¤§y³

n‡Z cv‡i| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

7.4 : mvaviY cÖwZwµqvi m‡½ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR n‡jv Awf‡hvM mg~n‡K cÖwµqvRvZKiY Ges

Revew`wnZvi Rb¨ DËg eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv| ÒGKÎxKiY Ges we‡kølYÓ G msL¨vqb I cÖwZwµqvi aib Abymv‡i †kÖwYKiY,

mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK †cÖ¶vcU, †fŠMwjK Ae¯’vb ch©v‡jvPbv we‡ewPZ n‡e| GKRb Amš‘ó ev ALywk †kÖvZv KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷k‡bi mv‡_ KwgDwbwUi m¤úK© ¯’vc‡b cÖfve †d‡j| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ n‡jv, ïaygvÎ Awf‡hvM¸‡jv bw_e×KiY

bq eis †hŠw³KZvi wePv‡i Zvi ev¯Íevqb Kiv| hLb †KD GKRb †÷kb eë¯’vc‡Ki KvQ †_‡K Avï c`‡ÿc Avkv K‡ib, ZLb

Ab¨‡ìI H me e¨vcv‡i wewfbœ ¯Íi †_‡K GKvšÍ cwikÖgx g‡bvfve †`Lv‡bv DwPZ| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b|)

7.5 : GB †mKk‡bi †klZg cÖ‡kœ †kÖvZvgÐjxi cÖwZwµqv Ges Awf‡hv‡Mi wfwË‡Z KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb‡K wKQy `…óvšÍ D‡jøL Ki‡Z

nq, hv K‡›U›U m¤cÖPvi ev wbqgZvwš¿KZvi cwieZ©b mvab K‡i‡Q| MZ 6 gv‡mi g‡a¨ †h †h cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q, †mB

cwieZ©b¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv DwPZ| GUv GKUv wb‡`©kK wn‡m‡e KvR Ki‡e Ges †kÖvZvgÐjx‡K †evSv‡Z m¶g n‡e †h Zv‡ì

cÖwZwµqvi wfwË‡Z †÷kb KZ Z¡wiZ cÖwZ DËi w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q wKsev eë¯’v wb‡Z †c‡i‡Q|

3.8. Abyôvb Dcv`v‡bi wewbgq I †hvMv‡hvM

(K‡›U›U †kqvwis Ges †bUIqvwK©s)

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi K‡›U›U wewbgq aviYvwU cÖv_wgKfv‡e †÷kb¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKvZ¥Zv wbg©v‡Yi

GKwU cÖv_wgK †KŠkj wn‡m‡e †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ †cÖw¶Z †_‡K †`L‡j GUv‡K †bUIqvwK©s‡qi †KŠkjI

ejv hvq| ev¯Í‡e GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb bvbvgyLx K‡›U›U msMÖ‡n G c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|

G‡¶‡Î Zv‡ì g‡b ivL‡Z nq gyj K‡›U›U m¤cÖPv‡i kZfvM mdjZv AR©b GKwU KwVb KvR| †cÖvMÖvg

wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g wewfbœ †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡b _vKv †kÖvZvgÐjxi mvs¯‹…wZK êwPÎ¨ m¤ú‡K© aviYv AR©‡b

wb‡R‡ì gZ A_ev wb‡R‡ì †_‡K wfbœ mvs¯‹…wZK Ávb AR©‡bi my‡hvM N‡U| e„nËi cwim‡i GKwU

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb RbM‡Yi K_v Zy‡j wb‡q Avm‡Z cÖwZÁve× GRb¨ †h, Zv‡ì KwgDwbwUi Kvw•ÿZ mvgvwRK cwieZ©b Zviv

†`L‡Z Pvq, hv GKwU we¯Í…Z mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zyj‡Z mnvqK nq; hv wKbv GKBmv‡_ RbM‡Yi AwaKv‡iiI wbivcËv †`q|

8.1 : GB cÖ‡kœ †Kvb ai‡bi K‡›U›U GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Ab¨vb¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi g‡a¨ wewbgq Ki‡e Zv g~j¨vqb

Kiv nq| GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb ïaygvÎ m¤ú~Y© I wbqwgZ m¤cÖPvwiZ †cÖvMÖvgB †kqvi Ki‡e bv, cvkvcvwk wewfbœ

†cÖvMÖv‡gi aviYv I w¯ŒÞ wewbgq Ki‡e| †÷kb Awfbœ `…wó‡KvY †_‡K Avmv welqmg~n (†hgb Lv`¨ wbivcËv, `y‡h©vM eë¯’vcbv

BZ¨vw`) wb‡q GKmv‡_ KvR Ki‡e| G‡¶‡Î Zviv welq¸‡jvi aviYv I w¯ŒÞ wewbgq Ki‡e Ges Ab¨vb¨ †÷kb‡K Zv‡ì ¯’vbxq

†cÖw¶‡Z H w¯ŒÞ Ges aviYvi m‡½ Lvc LvIqv‡bvi my‡hvM †`‡e| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b|)

8.2 : GB cÖ‡kœ Z…Zxq †KvbI Drm (†hgb BDwb‡md, BD‡b‡¯‹v, Wq‡P †f‡j BZ¨vw`) †_‡K Avmv welqmg~n m¤cÖPv‡ii nvi Luy‡R †ei

Kiv nq| GB ÒewnivMZ K‡›U›UÓ ej‡Z †evSvq H me K‡›U›U hv Ab¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb †_‡K †bIqv nqwb| hLb GKwU

†÷kb Giƒc †KvbI Z…Zxq c¶ †_‡K cÖvß K‡›U›Umg~n m¤cÖPvi K‡i, ZLb me‡P‡q fv‡jv n‡jv H ewnivMZ K‡›U‡›Ui Dci

AwZwi³ wbf©ikxj bv nIqv| GB cÖ‡kœ evrmwiK g~j¨vq‡bi mgq m¤ú~Y© m¤cÖPvi mg‡qi KZ fvM Z…Zxq c¶ †_‡K cÖvß K‡›U‡›Ui

m¤cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv wn‡me Kiv nq| D`vniY¯îƒc, hw` GKwU †÷kb w`‡b 8 NÈv m¤cÖPvi K‡i (365 w`‡b 1 eQi a‡i)

Ges Zvi g‡a¨ Z…Zxq c¶ †_‡K Avmv K‡›U›Umg~n 1 NÈv m¤cÖPvi K‡i Zvn‡j wn‡me ùvovq-

avc 1 : m¤ú~Y© m¤cÖPvi NÈv 365 x 8 = 2920 NÈv

avc 2 : Z…Zxq c‡¶i K‡›U›U 365 x 1 = 365 NÈv

avc 3 : Z…Zxqc‡¶i K‡›U‡›Ui kZKiv nvi 365/2920 x 100 = 12.5%

Ackb (N)-†Z wUK w`b

8.3 : GB cÖ‡kœi ga¨ w`‡q g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Zvi Abyôvb¸wj hLb Ab¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi

m‡½ wewbgq K‡i, ZLb wKfv‡e H Abyôv‡bi ¯’vbxq wkíx‡ì AwaKvi i¶v Kiv nq| GUv †÷k‡bi `vwqZ¡ †h, H †÷kb‡K GUv

wbwðZ Kiv, †h Zv‡ì †`qv K‡›U‡›Ui evwYwR¨K cybeënv‡i g~j wkíxi gybvdvi Ask bv †i‡L ïay Zviv jvfevb n‡e| GgbwK

ïaygvÎ evwYwR¨K `…wó‡KvY †_‡KI bq| †h K‡›U›UwU wewbgq Kiv n‡”Q, Zv wkíx‡ì Rvwb‡q Ges AbygwZµ‡g Kivi Rb¨

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb‡K civgk© †`qv nq (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

8.4 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb GKwU K‡›U‡›Ui LÐvsk wewbgq bv K‡i K‡›U›UwUi m¤ú~Y© AskwU Ab¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Kv‡Q

wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i| hv‡Z †bUIqvwK©s‡qi m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxbZv _v‡K| `xN©‡gqv‡` G ai‡bi wewbgq bZyb cÖwZwôZ KwgDwbwU †iwWI

†÷kb‡K wkL‡Z Ges Zv‡ì `¶Zv I m¶gZv evov‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

ÒKgvwk©qvj Gqvi UvBgÓ ej‡Z †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q, †Kvb wbw`©ó AÂ‡ji †÷kb¸wj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU †hŠ_ cÖ‡hvRbv wbg©vY Ki‡Z

cv‡i| hv evwYwR¨Kfv‡e GKwU e„nËi †kÖvZv‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q|

Ò`¶Zv wewbgqÓ ej‡Z †evSvq †iwWI cÖ‡hvRbv I eë¯’vcbvi wewfbœ wel‡q (KvwiMwi `¶Zv I eë¯’vcbvmn) mw¤§wjZ cÖwk¶Y

eë¯’v| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

8.5 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wj cvi¯úwiK cwi`k©b Kg©m~wPi eë¯’v Ki‡Z cv‡i|

8.6 GB cÖ‡kœ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb †Kv‡bv RvZxq I AvšÍR©vwZK †bUIqv‡K©i m`m¨f~³ wKbv Zv we‡ePbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| hLb GB

†bUIqv‡K©i g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv †÷kb _v‡K ZLb Ab¨vb¨ †÷kbmg~n Zvi bxwZ wba©vi‡Y mn‡hvwMZvg~jK f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i|

ms¯’vfy³ †÷kb¸wj wewfbœ cÖwk¶Y, K‡›U›U Ges AwfÁZv wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡i| KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wj hZ †ewk msL¨K

†bUIqv‡K©i m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i ZZB g½j (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)|

8.7 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv Ges/A_ev Zv‡ì g~j msMVbmg~n wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU eo mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb M‡o Zyj‡Z cv‡i,

hv RbM‡Yi AwaKvi I ¯^KxqZvi wbivcËv cÖ`v‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| GB cÖkœ Ggb GKwU ZvwjKv‡K cÖ¯Íve K‡i hv wb‡`©kK|

GUv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î Lye g~jëvb mnvwqKv, we‡klZ KwgDbwUi ewÂZ As‡ki †¶‡Î| GRb¨ †h

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kbmg~n †kÖvZvgÐjxi Pvwn`vbymv‡i †cÖvMÖvg wbg©vY Ki‡Z cv‡i, †h †cÖvMÖvg¸wj mvgvwRK mgZv I b¨vqwePvi

cÖwZôv K‡i| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

3.9 ivR¯^ msMÖn I Avw_©K `vqe×Zv

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb‡K AjvfRbK cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq| GB aviYvwU AevwYwR¨K êwkó¨

wnmv‡e wPšÍv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi gv‡b GUv bq †h KwgDwbwU †iwWI n‡jv ¶wZKi D‡`¨vM| g~j/D‡`¨v³v

msMVb Ges ewnivMZ `vZv‡Mvôxmg~n ax‡i ax‡i Avkv Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i, Zv‡ì †÷kb A_© Av‡qi Dcvq Lyu‡R

†b‡e/Avwe®‹vi Ki‡e, hv Kgc‡¶ H †÷k‡bi wbe©vnx LiP †gUv‡Z cvi‡e| †hLv‡b ewnivMZ Drm †_‡K

A_©vqb nq, †mLv‡b G ai‡bi g~jbxwZ cÖYqb Ki‡Z n‡e, hv bvbvgywL A_©vq‡bi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i Ges H

†÷kb †hb †Kv‡bv GKwU wbw ©ó Dr‡mi Dci AwZwi³ wbf©ikxj bv n‡q c‡o| GUv iæZ¡c~Y© †h †÷kb KwgDwbwU‡K Askx`vi wn‡m‡e MÖnY

Ki‡e hv‡Z †÷kb H KwgDwbwUi Kv‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡Z cv‡i| †÷k‡bi bxwZ I cÖwµqv Aek¨B ¯”QZv Ges Revew`wnZvi wfwË‡Z

cÖwZwôZ n‡Z n‡e|

9.1 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi mKj Avw_©K Drm‡K g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Ges Zv‡ì †gvU Av‡qi KZ kZvsk †Kvb

Drm †_‡K Avm‡Q Zvi wn‡me wbiƒcY Kiv nq| GB cÖ‡kœ Avkv Kiv n‡q‡Q †gvU ivR‡¯î wnmv‡e cÖwZwU ivR¯^ Dr‡mi kZKiv

nvi KZ|

Ò†cÖvMÖvgwfwËK Aby`vbÓ ej‡Z wewfbœ †Mvôx †_‡K wbw`©ó Abyôvb m¤cÖPvi eve` M…nxZ A_©| D`vniY¯îƒc BDwb‡m‡di wkï I

m¨vwb‡Ukb welqK Kg©m~wP|

Òwe‡kl cÖKí †_‡K AvqÓ ej‡Z †evSvq †÷kb hLb †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó †cÖvMÖv‡gi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvRbv Ges m¤cÖPvi LiP †c‡q _v‡K|

(D`vniY¯îƒc ch©Ub wefv‡Mi HwZn¨ welqK Abyôvb †_‡K cÖvß Aby`vb)|

Òm`m¨‡ì wdÓ ej‡Z †evSvq mgqvbyµwgKfv‡e cÖvß avh©K…Z A_©, hv †÷kb Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K MÖnY K‡i hviv H †÷k‡bi mg_©K

wn‡m‡e mn‡hvMx n‡Z Pvq|

ÒKwgDwbwU Ae`vb/AskMÖnYÓ ej‡Z †¯^”Qv Aby`vb‡K †evSvq hv bM` A_© A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb ai‡bi mn‡hvwMZv|

Ò†÷kb eëmvÓ ej‡Z †evSvq mvaviYZ K¨vc, wUkvU©, Kwd gM, Kjg, Pvwei wis, e¨vR, K¨v‡jÛvi BZ¨vwì weµq jä Avq|

GQvovI †÷kb Zv‡ì ¯’vbxq Ab¨vb¨ †cÖvWv± weµq jä A_© †_‡KI Av‡qi welqwU fve‡Z cv‡i|

9.2 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI bxwZ wb‡`©kbvq ejv n‡q‡Q GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b NÈvq 5 wgwb‡Ui †ewk weÁvcb cÖPvi n‡e bv| cÖwZ

NÈvq weÁvcb cÖPv‡ii kZKiv nvi †hfv‡e wnmve Kiv hvq-

avc-1 : jM ZvwjKv/wMÖb mdUIq¨vi eënvi K‡i †`Lv hvq 1 eQ‡i weÁvcb m¤cÖPv‡ii †gvU mgq (wgwb‡U)

avc-2 : wnmveK…Z mg‡q KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b †gvU m¤úªPviK…Z NÈv

avc-3 : Mo wnmve Kiæb

D`vniY¯îƒc, GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb hw` eQ‡i 365 w`‡b cÖwZw`b 5 NÈv K‡i Abyôvb m¤cÖPvi K‡i, Zvn‡j H eQ‡i weÁvcb

m¤cÖPvi nq 6388 wgwbU| Zvn‡j wnmve `vuovq-

avc-1 : m¤úªPvwiZ weÁvc‡bi †gvU mgq = 6388 wgwbU (jM ZvwjKv/wMÖb mdUIq¨vi Abymv‡i)

avc-2 : †gvU m¤cÖPvwiZ mgq (NÈvq) = 365 (w`b) x 5 (†gvU w`b x †gvU NÈv) = 1825 NÈv

avc-3 : weÁvc‡b wgwbU/6388wgwbU/1825 NÈv = 3.5 wgwbU/NÈv

weÁvc‡b cÖwZ NÈvq KZ wgwbU = 6388 wgwbU ÷ 1825 NÈv = 3.5 wgwbU/NÈv

†gvU m¤úªPvwiZ NÈv A_©vr (O) weK‡í wUK w`b- 3-3.59 wgwbU

9.3 : hLb cÖZ¨vkv Kiv nq †÷kb Zvi wbR¯^ Kvh©µ‡gi g‡a¨ DcvR©b Ki‡e ZLb GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb

KwgDwbwUi g‡a¨ wewfbœ †mevg~jK Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g Av‡qi Drm D™¢veb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

ÒcÖwk¶YÓ ej‡Z †evSvq Kw¤úDUv‡ii †ewmK, B›Uvi‡bU eªvDwRs, d‡UvMÖvwd BZ¨vw` bvbvgyLx we‡kl cÖwk¶Y|

AZGe †÷k‡bi DwPZ H mg¯Í AwZwi³ Av‡qi Drmmg~n AbymÜvb Kiv wKš‘ Zv Ggbfv‡e hv‡Z †÷kb‡K KwgDwbwUi †kÖvZv‡ì

DbœZ gv‡bi †mev cÖ`vb †_‡K wePy¨Z n‡Z bv nq| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

9.4: GUv GKUv Av`k© Dcvq †h GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb wb‡RB wb‡R‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi R‡b¨ Ggb GKwU A_©‰bwZK KvVv‡gv

†e‡Q †b‡e hv KwgDwbwUi Ae`v‡bi Dci wbf©ikxj| Gi d‡j †÷k‡bi Dci KwgDwbwUi gvwjKvbv‡eva wbwðZ nq| (cÖ‡hvR¨

†¶‡Î wUK w`b)

9.5 : GB cÖkœwUi mv‡_ KwgDwbwUi cÖwZ ”QZv I Revew`wnZv m¤úK©hy³| hLb evwl©K AwWU cÖ ‘Z Kiv nq ZLb KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb‡K

G civgk© †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i †hb Zviv GKwU KwgDwbwU‡K eQ‡i AšÍZ 2 evi Zv‡ì wnmv‡ei GKwU mvaviY weeiYx †ck K‡i|

9.6 : GB cÖ‡kœ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb KwgDwbwUi Kv‡Q †Kvb c×wZ‡Z A_©‰bwZK weeibx †`‡e Zv AbymÜvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi j¶¨ n‡jv Zv‡ì A_©‰bwZK wnmve wbKv‡k KwgDwbwUi wbqwgZ cÖ‡ekvwaKvi/my‡hvM m„wói Rb¨ m¤¢ve¨

Dcvqmg~‡ni m‡e©v”P eënvi wbwðZ Kiv|

9.7 : ivR¯^ Avq ïaygvÎ †÷k‡bi evRviRvZKiY m¶gZv Ges weÁvcb m¤cÖPv‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i bv| GUv Av‡iv A‡bK wel‡qi

mv‡_ m¤úK©hy³| †hgb m¤cÖPvi I †cÖvMÖv‡gi gvb Ges KwgDwbwUi AskMÖnY|

evwn¨K †bUIqvwK©s Kg©Kv‡Ði ga¨ w`‡q bZyb bZzb Av‡qi Drm D¤§y³ n‡Z cv‡i| GB cÖ‡kœ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi aviYv

Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq †h, m¤¢ve¨ Avi wK wK Dcv‡q Zviv A_© Av‡qi bZyb c_ D™¢veb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

ÒAv‡qi eZ©gvb Dr‡mi m‡e©v”P eënviÓ ej‡Z †evSvq eZ©gv‡b _vKv Av‡qi Drm KZ`~i ch©šÍ m‡e©v”P eënvi Kiv hvq|

D`vniY¯îƒc hw` GKwU †÷kb 2 wgwb‡Ui weÁvcb msMÖn Ki‡Z m¶g nq Zvn‡j Zv‡K m‡e©v”P 5 wgwb‡U †cuŠQv‡bvi cÖ‡Póv

Pvjv‡Z n‡e|

ÒAv‡qi Drm eûgyLxKiYÓ ej‡Z bZyb bZyb Av‡qi Drm hy³ Kiv †evSvq| (cÖ‡hvR¨ †¶‡Î wUK w`b)

GB Aa¨v‡q 9wU gvb`Ð I Zvi wewfbœ DckvLvmg~‡ni cwiwPwZg~jK e¨vL¨v †`qv n‡q‡Q| GLvbKvi cÖ‡kœi µwgK b¤î cieZ©x Aa¨v‡qi

cÖkœgvjvi m‡½ m~Îe×; hv KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ †evSvi I cwigvc Kivi m~PK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| cÖwZwU cÖ‡kœi

e¨vL¨v Ges cÖ‡kœi Reve we‡køl‡Yi ¯îƒc GLv‡b †`qv n‡q‡Q hv‡Z wewae× wbq‡g GB UyjwKUwU eënvi Kiv hvq| †hfv‡e Av‡M ejv

n‡q‡Q, Abykxjb ïiæ Kivi Av‡MB KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv‡K m‡PZbfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv DwPZ, †hb Zviv UzjwK‡Ui cÖkœ¸‡jv

eyS‡Z cv‡i|

3.1: Av‡aq (welqe¯‘) wba©viY Ges Abyôvb wbg©vY

UyjwK‡Ui cÖ_g Aa¨vqwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Kg©m~wP cÖYqb Ges Abyôv‡bi welqe¯‘ ev Av‡aq wba©vi‡Yi

Ici Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i| GB Aa¨vq †_‡K Rvbv hv‡e wKfv‡e mdjZvi mv‡_ GKRb KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡K

Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv, Kg©m~wP wbg©vY, Kg©m~wP‡Z AskM«nY Ges Kg©m~wP cieZ©xKvjxb cÖ‡hvRbv BZ¨vw` ch©v‡q

†iwWI Kg©m~wPi avivevwnK Dbœq‡b hy³ Kiv hvq| GUv †÷kb‡K GUzKz Rvb‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i †h, KwgDwbwU

†_‡K KZ msL¨K AskM«nYKvix Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z Ask wb‡q‡Q Ges Kx cwigvY Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q|

KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ ai‡bi ewPÎ¨c~Y© Kg©m~wP I me©`vB bZzb bZzb Kg©m~wP cÖYq‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dwo‡q †Ìqvi welq

bq| hLb †÷kb eë¯’vcK KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡ì Kg©m~wP cÖ‡hvRbvi wewfbœ ch©v‡q AšÍf©y³ K‡ib, ZLb Zv‡ì gv‡S IB †÷k‡bi Ici

wb‡R‡ì `vwqZ¡‡ev‡ai aviYv Av‡iv gReyZ nq| KwgDwbwU †iwWIi gva¨‡g †kÖvZvi KÉ ïb‡Z cvIqv ÒKwgDwbwU gvwjKvbvÓ aviYvi

GKwU iæZ¡c~Y© Ask| GB †mKk‡b KZ`~i ch©šÍ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb µgvMZ fv‡e evB‡ii Rb‡Mvôxi KÉ¸‡jv (bvix, wjZ mgvR,

DcRvwZ BZ¨vw`) wb‡Z cv‡i ZvI g~j¨vqb Kiv n‡q‡Q|

cÖ‡kœi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv 1.1-1.3

wb‡gœv³ 4wU Kg©Kv‡Ði gva¨‡g bvbv ai‡bi Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq-

1. Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv: m„Rbkxj aviYv, M‡elYv, w¯ŒÞ ˆZwi Ges cÖwZfv A‡š^l‡Yi g‡Zv cÖ‡hvRbv c~e©eZ©x KvRmg~n GB Kg©Kv‡Ði

AvIZvf~³ n‡e|

Abyôvb wbg©vY: gvV wKsev ÷ywWI‡Z mwVKfv‡e †iKwW©s (Abyôvb aviY)|

Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY: wewfbœ Abyôv‡b AskMÖnYKvix wn‡m‡e KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡ì AskMÖnY|

Abyôvb cieZ©x cÖ‡hvRbv: GKwU Abyôvb m¤úv`bv Ges m¤cÖPv‡ii Rb¨ P~ovšÍ Kiv|

AskMÖn‡Yi kZKiv nvi AskMÖn‡Yi gvb

75 kZvsk Ges Zvi †ewk LyeB fv‡jv

50-74 kZvsk fv‡jv

30-49 kZvsk †gvUvgywU

10-29 kZvsk Kg

0-9 kZvsk k~b¨

1.1 : GB cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g †÷k‡bi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq KwgDwbwUi KZ kZvsk RbMY KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Abyôvb wbg©v‡Yi

4wU av‡c Ask wb‡q‡Q| GB cÖ‡kœi g‡a¨ †÷k‡bi Kgx© KwgDwbwUi m`m¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e bv| GB wnmve Kivi Rb¨

Abyôv‡bi cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ KwgDwbwUi cy‡iv m¶g Rb‡Mvôx Aek¨B we‡ewPZ n‡e| Kgx© e¨ZxZ KwgDwbwUi m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨

kZKiv nvi wn‡me Ki‡Z n‡e| Zvici Zv mviYxi Dchy³ ¯’v‡b emv‡Z n‡e|

D`vniY¯îƒc, GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b 10 Rb †jvK GKwU Abyôvb cwiKíbvq Ask wb‡q‡Q, hvi g‡a¨ 2 Rb KwgDwbwU

†iwWI †÷k‡bi Kgx©| evwK 8 Rb KwgDwbwUi m`m¨| Zvn‡j KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡ì kZKiv wn‡me ùvov‡e-

8/10 X 100 = 80%

75% †_‡K 80% ch©šÍ Dcw¯’wZ n‡e m‡šÍvlRbK

AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ‡Z ¯§i‡Y ivLv ìKvi †h, †h‡nZz GB bxwZi Dci KwgDwbwU †iwWI LvZwU cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q; myZivs `xN©‡gqv`x

Pjgvb Dbœqb cÖwµqvq KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb e¨vcK AskMÖnY‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡e|

1.2 : KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Abyôvb wbg©v‡Yi 4wU av‡c cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi AskMÖn‡Yi nvi GB cÖ‡kœ Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b

AskMÖnYKvixi †gvU msL¨v wnmv‡e †bIqvi †ÿ‡Î IB †÷k‡bi ÷vd‡KI AšÍf©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, hviv GiKg MÖæ‡ci GKwU Ask|






3/10 X 100 = 30%







5/10 X 100 = 50%






















I gZvgZ Rvbv|











`¶Zvi cwiPvqK |









mnR n‡q hvq-








†¶‡Î wUK w`b)





†¶‡Î wUK w`b)



w`b)















3. 3 †¯^”Qv‡meKe„›`













5/20 X 100 = 25%

Ackb (L) mwVK DËi













†Zvjv|










w`b)





































eis e¨envi evÜeI|


































w`b)



















cv‡i|


































PvIqv nq|










hvPvB Kiv nq|






Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq|











































































nvi KZ|





























†¶‡Î wUK w`b)












Pvjv‡Z n‡e|


KwgDwbwU †iwWI avivevwnK Dbœqb UzjwKU (wmAvi-wmAvBwU)

1. DcKiY/K‡›U›U ˆZwi I Abyôvb wbg©vY

1.1 KwgDwbwUi kZKiv KZ fvM †jvK KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Abyôvb †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi mv‡_ hy³ (KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Kg©x ev‡`)?

Kvh©µg AskMÖn‡Yi kZKiv nvi

75% Ges 50-74% 30-49% 10-29% 0-9%

Gi †ewk (fv‡jv) (ga¨g gv‡bi) (Kg) (AskMÖnY †bB)

(Afvebxq)

Abyôvb cwiKíbv

Abyôvb ˆZwi

Abyôv‡b AskMÖnY

Abyôvb cieZ©x cÖ‡hvRbv

1.2 cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôxi kZKiv KZ fvM KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Abyôvb m¤cÖPv‡ii/†cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi mv‡_ hy³?


75% Ges 50-74% 30-49% 10-29% 0-9%


(Afvebxq)

Abyôvb cwiKíbv

Abyôvb ˆZwi

AskMÖnY

Abyôvb cieZ©x avc/cÖ‡hvRbv

1.3 Rb‡Mvôxi kZKiv KZ fvM bvix KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Abyôvb m¤cÖPv‡ii/†cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?


75% Ges 50-74% 30-49% 10-29% 0-9%


(Afvebxq)

Abyôvb cwiKíbv

Abyôvb ˆZwi

AskMÖnY

Abyôvb cieZ©x avc/cÖ‡hvRbv

1.4 kZKiv KZ fvM wewfbœ eq‡mi gvbyl KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Abyôvb ˆZwi I m¤cÖPv‡ii mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z?

eqm AskMÖn‡Yi kZKiv nvi

75% Ges 50-74% 30-49% 10-29% 0-9%


(Afvebxq)

5-12 eQi

13-19 eQi

20-30 eQi

31-50 eQi

50 eQi Ges Z`~a©Ÿ

1.5 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi gva¨‡g m¤cÖPvwiZ we‡bv`bag©x Abyôvbgvjvi kZKiv KZ fvM ¯’vbxq cÖwZfv/wkíx‡`i DrmvwnZ K‡i?

K. 0-25%

L. 26-50%

M. 51-75%

N. 76-100%

1.6 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi gva¨‡g m¤cÖPvwiZ kZKiv KZ fvM Z_¨g~jK Abyôv‡b ¯’vbxq RbMY‡K we‡klÁ/civgk©K wn‡m‡e Avgš¿Y

Rvbv‡bv nq?

K. 0-25%

L. 26-50%

M. 51-75%

N. 76-100%

1.7 KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z †Kvb †Kvb di‡g‡U †cÖvMÖvg m¤cÖPvwiZ nq? (hv hv cÖ‡hvR¨ Zv‡Z wUK w`b)

K. Z_¨ Avc‡WU/msev`

L. Pjw”P‡Îi Mvb

M. †jvKm½xZ/†jvK ms¯‹…wZ welqK Abyôvb

N. UK‡kv

O. mv¶vrKvi

P. f·-cc

Q. Av‡jvPbv

R. Mí ejv

S. bvUK

T. WKz‡g›Uvwi

U. jvBf †kv

V. g¨vMvwRb Abyôvb

W. U¨v‡j›U †kv/†gav evQvB Abyôvb

X. Ab¨ Abyôvb (wbw`©ó K‡i D‡jøL Kiæb)

1.8 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv KZ w`b ch©šÍ Gi Abyôvbgvjv msiÿY K‡i‡Q ?

K. weMZ 3 gvm hveZ (RvZxq KwgDwbwU †iwWI cwjwm‡Z †hiƒc D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q)

L. weMZ 6 gvm hveZ

M. weMZ 1 ermi hveZ

N. weMZ 2 ermi hveZ

O. Ab¨vb¨, wbw`©ó K‡i D‡jøL Kiæb

P. †iwWI †÷kb ïiæi w`b †_‡K

1.9 Abyôv‡bi gvb‡bœvq‡bi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI KZ w`b ci ci `ÿZv e„w×i D‡`¨vM †bq?

K. †Kvb D‡`¨vM †bq bv

L. gv‡S g‡a¨/AwbqwgZfv‡e

M. eQ‡i GKevi

N. cÖwZ Qq gv‡m GKevi

O. cÖvqkB, hLb cÖ‡qvRb nq





eyS‡Z cv‡i|















AvIZvf~³ n‡e|






50-74 kZvsk fv‡jv


10-29 kZvsk Kg

0-9 kZvsk k~b¨







8/10 X 100 = 80%











3/10 X 100 = 30%







5/10 X 100 = 50%






















I gZvgZ Rvbv|











`¶Zvi cwiPvqK |









mnR n‡q hvq-








†¶‡Î wUK w`b)





†¶‡Î wUK w`b)



w`b)















3. 3 †¯^”Qv‡meKe„›`













5/20 X 100 = 25%

Ackb (L) mwVK DËi













†Zvjv|










w`b)





































eis e¨envi evÜeI|


































w`b)



















cv‡i|


































PvIqv nq|










hvPvB Kiv nq|






Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq|











































































nvi KZ|





























†¶‡Î wUK w`b)












Pvjv‡Z n‡e|


†bvU Kvw•ÿZ jÿ¨

1. DcKiY/K‡›U›U ˆZwi I Abyôvb wbg©vY






eyS‡Z cv‡i|















AvIZvf~³ n‡e|






50-74 kZvsk fv‡jv


10-29 kZvsk Kg

0-9 kZvsk k~b¨







8/10 X 100 = 80%











3/10 X 100 = 30%







5/10 X 100 = 50%






















I gZvgZ Rvbv|











`¶Zvi cwiPvqK |









mnR n‡q hvq-








†¶‡Î wUK w`b)





†¶‡Î wUK w`b)



w`b)















3. 3 †¯^”Qv‡meKe„›`













5/20 X 100 = 25%

Ackb (L) mwVK DËi













†Zvjv|










w`b)





































eis eënvi evÜeI|


































w`b)



















cv‡i|


































PvIqv nq|










hvPvB Kiv nq|






Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq|











































































nvi KZ|





























†¶‡Î wUK w`b)












Pvjv‡Z n‡e|


2. bxwZ I w`Kwb‡`©kbv

2.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wj RvZxq KwgDwbwU †iwWI bxwZgvjv m¤ú‡K© wb‡gœv³ Kv‡ì‡K AewnZ K‡i _v‡K?

K. KvD‡K AewnZ Kiv nq bv

L. Kg©Pvix

M. †¯^”Qv‡mex

N. KwgDwbwU †iwWIi eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi m`m¨

O. †kªvZv

P. Ab¨ †KD (my¯úó fv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

2.2 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wji Kg©Kv‡Ði Rb¨ hvPvB Kiv wKsev w`K wb‡`©kbvg~jK †Kv‡bv wfkb/wgkb/j¶¨ Av‡Q wK bv?

K. Av‡Q

L. bvB

2.3 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wji Rb¨ ¯’vbxq fvlvq wjwLZ Ggb †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q wKbv hv wb‡gœv³ †Mvôx‡K AšÍf©y³ K‡i-

K. †Kvb wjwLZ bxwZgvjv †bB

L. bvix

M. msL¨vjNy

N. cÖvwšÍK RvwZ‡Mvôx

O. wkï cÖwZeÜx

P. kiYv_x©/Rjevqy DØv¯‘

Q. Ab¨ †KD

2.4 KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z Abym„Z bxwZgvjvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q (cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. Kg©Pvix I †¯^”Q‡meK‡ì Rb¨ wjwLZ AvPiYwewa (†KvW Ae KÛv±)

L. wbgœZg gRywii eë¯’v

M. †hŠb wbcxob we‡ivax bxwZgvjv

N. Avc` Kvjxb DËi‡Yi bxwZgvjv

O. †iwWI †÷k‡bi Kg©x I †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì Rb¨ wbivcËv bxwZgvjv

P. Ab¨ wKQ (my¯úó fv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

2.5 KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi Abyôvb bxwZgvjv wK cy‡iv m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ Ki‡Q? (cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. eZ©gv‡b Giƒc †Kvb bxwZgvjv bvB

L. mKj m¤cÖ`v‡qi ch©vß cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ K‡i Giƒc we¯ÍvwiZ Abyôvb bxwZgvjv

M. bvix‡ì wb‡q Abyôv‡bi wbw`©ó bxwZgvjv

N. cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡K wb‡q Abyôv‡bi wbw`©ó bxwZgvjv

O. msL¨vjNy‡ì wb‡q Abyôv‡bi wbw`©ó bxwZgvjv

P. hyeK I wkï‡ì wb‡q wbw`©ó bxwZgvjv

Q. gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡ì wb‡q wbw`©ó bxwZgvjv

R. AemicÖvß/cÖexY bvMwiK‡ì wb‡q Kg©m~wP

S. Ab¨ wKQz

2.6 KwgDwbwU †iwWIÕi wK Ggb †Kvb Abyôvb bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q hv‡Z cy‡iv KwgDwbwU‡K Dc¯’vc‡bi Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi welqe¯‘

MÖn‡Yi wbðqZv i‡q‡Q?

K. eZ©gv‡b Giƒc †Kvb bxwZgvjv †bB

L. mKj m¤cÖ`v‡qi ch©vß cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wbwðZ K‡i Giƒc we¯ÍvwiZ Abyôvb bxwZgvjv

M. bvix‡ì wb‡q bxwZgvjv Av‡Q

N. cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx‡K wb‡q we‡kl Abyôvb bxwZgvjv Av‡Q

O. msL¨vjNy‡ì wb‡q we‡kl bxwZgvjv Av‡Q

P. hyeK I wkï‡ì wb‡q bxwZgvjv Av‡Q

Q. kvixwiK I gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡ì wb‡q bxwZgvjv Av‡Q

R. AemicÖvß/cÖexY bvMwiK‡ì Rb¨ bxwZgvjv Av‡Q

S. Ab¨ wKQz

2.7 Kx ai‡Yi weÁvcb bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q hv †iwWI †÷k‡b AbymiY Kiv nq?

K. ïaygvÎ RvZxq weÁvcb wewa/bxwZgvjv

L. †KejgvÎ ¯’vbxq cY¨ I mvwf©mmg~‡ni weÁvcb MÖnY‡hvM¨

M. †÷k‡bi g~j bxwZ‡K jsNb K‡i Ggb †Kvb weÁvcb MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq

N. Ab¨ wKQz

2.8 ¯’vbxq fvlvq KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Rb¨ †Kvb wjwLZ AvPiYwewa i‡q‡Q wK?

K. †Kvb wjwLZ AvPiYwewa bvB

L. mevi Rb¨ mvaviY wbqg (†hgb: a~gcvbgy³ BZ¨vw`)

M. Kg©Pvix‡ì Rb¨ bxwZgvjv

N. †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì Rb¨ bxwZgvjv

O. KwgDwbwU †_‡K AskMÖnYKvixi Rb¨ bxwZgvjv

P. `k©‡Ki Rb¨ bxwZgvjv

Q. Ab¨ wKQz

2.9. m¤cÖPvify³ GjvKvi Rb‡Mvôxi wbqwgZ mÿgZv e„w×i Rb¨ wK KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv Av‡Q?

K. nu¨v

L. bv

2.10 KwgDwbwU †iwWI Gi Af¨šÍixY bxwZi e¨vcv‡i huv‡ì g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv m„wó K‡i‡Q (†hLv‡b cÖ‡hvR¨ wUK wPý w`b)

K. G ai‡bi †Kvb D‡`¨vM †bIqv nqwb

L. Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix

M. †¯^”Qv‡meK

N. eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi m`më„›`

O. KwgDwbwUi m`m¨

P. Ab¨ wKQy

2.11 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb wKfv‡e Gi bxwZgvjv †÷k‡b Kg©iZ Kg©KZ©v/Kg©Pvix I ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ cÖPvi K‡i/Zv‡ì

AewnZ K‡i?

K. Iwi‡q‡›Ukb Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g

L. Kg©kvjvi gva¨‡g

M. QK I wWm‡cøi gva¨‡g

N. Abyôvb m¤úwK©Z Av‡jvPbvq

O. Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbvi mgq

P. †mvk¨vj AwWU wgwUs Gi mgq

Q. †÷kb †_‡K Abyôvb cÖPv‡ii mgq

R. I‡qe mvB‡Ui gva¨‡g

S. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g

T. †cv÷vi, wjd‡jU BZ¨vwì gva¨‡g

U. Ab¨ wKQz





eyS‡Z cv‡i|















AvIZvf~³ n‡e|






50-74 kZvsk fv‡jv


10-29 kZvsk Kg

0-9 kZvsk k~b¨







8/10 X 100 = 80%











3/10 X 100 = 30%







5/10 X 100 = 50%






















I gZvgZ Rvbv|











`¶Zvi cwiPvqK |









mnR n‡q hvq-








†¶‡Î wUK w`b)





†¶‡Î wUK w`b)



w`b)















3. 3 †¯^”Qv‡meKe„›`













5/20 X 100 = 25%

Ackb (L) mwVK DËi













†Zvjv|










w`b)





































eis e¨envi evÜeI|


































w`b)



















cv‡i|


































PvIqv nq|










hvPvB Kiv nq|






Rvb‡Z PvIqv nq|











































































nvi KZ|





























†¶‡Î wUK w`b)












Pvjv‡Z n‡e|


2. bxwZ I wb‡`©kbv







eyS‡Z cv‡i|















AvIZvf~³ n‡e|






50-74 kZvsk fv‡jv


10-29 kZvsk Kg

0-9 kZvsk k~b¨







8/10 X 100 = 80%







3. †¯^”Qv‡meK

3.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b kZKiv KZfvM †jvK †¯^”Qv‡mex wn‡m‡e RwoZ?

K. 0-9%

L. 10-29%

M. 30-49%

N. 50-74%

O. 75% Gi †ewk

3.2 †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì GB Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ/AvMÖnx K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸wj wK wK c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i?

K. †Kvb c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡i bv

L. KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b †NvlYv cÖPv‡ii gva¨‡g

M. `ÿZv e„w×g~jK Kg©kvjv Av‡qvR‡bi ga¨ w`‡q

N. mgqwfwËK Abyôvb Av‡qvRb K‡i

O. ¯’vbxqfv‡e †NvlYv w`‡q

P. I‡qemvB‡U weÁwß w`‡q

Q. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g weÁwß w`‡q

R. AbvbyôvwbK AvšÍ‡hvMv‡hvM-Gi gva¨‡g

S. Ab¨ wKQy

3.3 wb‡gœv³ †Kvb †Mvôx †_‡K †¯^”Qv‡mex wb‡qvM †`qvi Rb¨ †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi AvK©lYxq bxwZgvjv i‡q‡Q|

K. cÖ‡qvM‡hvM¨ bxwZgvjv †bB

L. cy‡iv Rb‡Mvôx

M. cÖvwšÍK Rb‡Mvôx

N. bvix

O. msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`vq

P. hye/hyev

Q. wkï

R. QvÎQvÎx

T. AemicÖvß/cÖexY bvMwiK

U. kvixwiK I gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx

V. Ab¨ wKQz

3.4 †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì Abyôvb m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kivi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jv Kx K‡i _v‡K

K. wKQzB K‡i bv

L. wcqvi Uz wcqvi cÖwk¶Y

M. cÖv_wgK cwiwPwZg~jK cÖwk¶Y Av‡qvRb K‡i

N. †Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó wb‡`©wkKv eënvi K‡i

O. Ab¨ wKQz

3.5 †iwWI †÷kb †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì Kv‡Ri Rb¨ wKfv‡e Drmvn/cÖ‡Yv`bv w`‡q _v‡K?

K. †Kvb cÖ‡Yv`bv †Ìqv nq bv

L. ¯’vbxq hvZvq‡Zi †ÿ‡Î myweav cÖ`vb

M. Lv`¨`ªe¨ I bvkZvi gva¨‡g myweav cÖ`vb

N. †iwWI †cÖvWvKkb m¤ú‡K© webv Li‡P cÖwk¶Y

O. webv Li‡P Kw¤úDUvi cÖwk¶Y myweav

P. kª‡gi g~j¨ wn‡m‡e wewea myweav cÖ`vb

Q. mb`cÎ cÖ`vb Kiv

R. ¯’vbxq †`vKv‡b Kwgk‡bi eë¯’v Kiv

S. †iwWI my¨‡fwbi weZiY

T. wKQz cwigv‡Y wba©vwiZ m¤§vwbi eë¯’v Kiv

U. Ab¨ wKQz

3.6 GKRb †¯^”Qv‡mexi we‡kl Ae`vb‡K wKfv‡e m¤§vwbZ Kiv nq?

K. mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vb K‡i

L. wMdU/†µ÷ Dcnvi wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡i

M. cÖksmv/Awfb›`b Rvwb‡q

N. G·‡PÄ wfwRU Av‡qvRb K‡i

O. †Uªwbs †Kvm© I e„wË/†d‡jvwkc cÖ`vb K‡i

T. †÷k‡bi Kg©x wn‡m‡e wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ we‡ePbv Kiv/c‡`vbœwZ cÖ`vb Kiv

P. Ab¨ wKQz

3.7 GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b †Kv‡bv †¯^”Qv‡mex Kx ai‡bi KvR K‡i _v‡Kb?

K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. wbR Rb‡Mvôx‡K Z_¨ Av`vb cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g DØy× Kiv

M. wbR GjvKvq Abyôvb wbg©v‡Y mvnvh¨ Kiv

N. Abyôv‡bi cwiKíbv Kiv

O. Abyôvb aviY, cÖ‡hvRbv/m¤úv`bv/w¯ŒÞ ˆZwi Kiv

P.Abyôvb aviY cieZ©x m¤úv`bv

Q. m¤cÖPv‡i mvnvh¨ Kiv

R. ¯’vbxq weÁvcb †hvMvo Kiv

S. ÷zwWI/hš¿cvwZ †givgZ/i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv

O. KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Rb¨ evB‡ii Abyôvb Av‡qvR‡b mnvqZv Kiv

U. Ab¨ †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì cÖwk¶Y †`qv

V. KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Rb¨ cÖkvmwbK `vwqZ¡ cvjb

W. Ab¨ wKQz

3.8 †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb¨ KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b Kx ai‡bi eë¯’v i‡q‡Q?

K. †Kv‡bv eë¯’v †bB

L. ZvrÿwYKfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g

M. `ÿZvi wfwË‡Z ZvwjKvfy³ †¯^”Qv‡mex‡ì g‡a¨ Kg©e›UY K‡i

N. mfvq M„nxZ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g

O. †÷k‡bi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv wba©vwiZ Kv‡Ri gva¨‡g

P. `jMZ wWDwU Pv‡U©i gva¨‡g

Q. Ab¨ wKQz


3. †¯^”Qv‡mex

†bvU Kvw•ÿZ jÿ¨ †bvU Kvw•ÿZ jÿ¨


4. cÖhyw³: cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM I eë¯’vcbv

4.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b Kviv hš¿cvwZ wb‡q KvR Kivi my‡hvM cvb?

(cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. †ckvMZfv‡e cÖwkÿYcÖvß `¶ e¨w³MY

L. ïayB cyiyl

M. ïayB bvix

N. cÖvwšÍK RvwZ‡Mvôx †_‡K AvMZ m`mïv

O. Ab¨ wKQz (wbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

4.2 KwgDwbwU †iwWI Zv‡ì Kg©x‡ì Rb¨ nvjbvMv` Z_¨-cÖhyw³ wb‡q Kx ai‡bi cÖwkÿ‡Yi eë¯’v K‡i?

K. Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ _vKve¯’vq cÖwkÿY

L. Kv‡Ri evB‡i Ad-mvBU cÖwkÿY

M. Kg©¯’‡j †ckvRxex‡ì gva¨‡g

N. (wcqvi Uz wcqvi) G‡K A‡bï KvQ †_‡K †kLv

O. Ab¨ wKQz (wbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

4.3 KZw`b ci ci †iwWI †÷kb Zvi Kg©Pvix Kg©KZ©v‡ì Rb¨ cÖhyw³ msµvšÍ cÖwk¶Y Kg©kvjvi Av‡qvRb K‡i?

K. K‡iB bv

L. gv‡S g‡a¨/AwbqwgZfv‡e

M. eQ‡i GKevi

N. cÖwZ Qq gvm AšÍi

O. cÖ‡qvR‡b NbNb

4.4 cÖhyw³MZ Dbœqb I DbœZ hš¿vsk Øviv c~e©eZ©x hš¿vwì ¯’vbvšÍi wKfv‡e N‡U?


K. D‡`¨v³v ms¯’v/`vZv ms¯’vi mvnv‡h¨

L. KwgDwbwU †iwWI cwiPvjbv cl©` Øviv

M. cÖhyw³ msµvšÍ AwfÁ e¨w³‡ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g †÷kb eë¯’vcK Øviv

N. cÖhyw³ msµvšÍ AwfÁ e¨w³‡ì m‡½ Av‡jvPbvµ‡g †÷k‡bi Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvix‡ì Øviv

4.5 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi iæwUbgvwdK cÖhyw³MZ i¶Yv‡e¶Y wKfv‡e m¤úbœ nq?

K. †ckvMZ †jvK‡K Gi Rb¨ fvov K‡i Avbv nq

L. AvswkK †ckv`vi, AvswkK wbR¯^ Kg©Pvix-Kg©KZ©v Øviv

M. AvswkK †ckv`vi, AvswkKfv‡e ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi Øviv

N. cy‡ivUvB ¯’vbxq Rb‡Mvôxi Øviv

4.6 ÔIqv‡iw›U wcwiqWÕ †k‡l wKfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í hš¿vwì †givgZ Kiv nq?

K. m¤¢ve¨ meai‡bi †givg‡Zi Rb¨ evB‡ii †ckv`vi AwfÁ R‡bi Ici wbf©i Kiv nq

L. Kg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †givgZ Kv‡R ¯’vbxqfv‡e `ÿ‡ì Ici Ges AwaK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †ÿ‡Î †ckv`vi‡ì Øviv

M. m¤¢ve¨ me ai‡bi †givgZ ¯’vbxq fv‡e m¤úbœ nq

4.7 hš¿vsk i¶Yv‡e¶Y I eënv‡ii Rb¨ †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv/wb‡`©wkKv Av‡Q wK?

K. †Kv‡bv wjwLZ bxwZgvjv †bB

L. wbg©vZv cÖwZôv‡bi †`qv g¨vbyqv‡ji Dci wbf©ikxj

M. ¯’vbxq fvlvq wb‡R‡ì ˆZwi K‡i †bqv wb‡`©wkKvi Dci wbf©i K‡i

4.8 wb¤œewY©Z †Kvb ai‡bi hš¿vsk fyj eënv‡i bó n‡jI Zvi ¯’vbvšÍi‡hvM¨ Dcv`vb †÷k‡b _v‡K?

K. †Kv‡bvwUB bq|

L. UªvÝwgUvi|

M. UvIqvi I G‡›Ubv|

N. ÷zwWIi hš¿-miÄvgvw`|

O. gvV ch©v‡q eëüZ hš¿-DcKiY (†iK©Wvi, gvB‡µv‡dvb, enb‡hvM¨ wgKPvi †gwkb BZ¨vw`)|

P. Ab¨ wKQ z(mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

4.9 †jvW‡kwWs/we`y¨r weåv‡Ui mgq weKí we`y¨‡Zi Drm wK?

K. †Rbv‡iUi

L. AvBwcGm

M. BDwcGm

N. bevqb‡hvM¨ kw³ (†mŠi we`y¨r, ev‡qvM¨vm BZ¨vw`)

4.10 †iwWI †÷k‡b wK B›Uvi‡bU ms‡hvM i‡q‡Q?

K. nu¨v

L. bv

4.11 †iwWI‡Z Abyôvb m¤cÖPviKv‡j Abyôv‡b †kªvZv‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb ai‡bi cÖhyw³ eënvi Kiv nq?

K. †÷kb Kg©KZ©v‡ì †gvevBj †dv‡bi gva¨‡g

L. †dvb-Bb c¨v‡bj

M. GmGgGm †MUI‡q

N. B›Uvi‡bU

O. Ab¨ wKQy (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)


4. cÖhyw³: cÖ‡e‡ki my‡hvM I e¨e¯’vcbv




5. m¤cÖPv‡ii gvb`Ð

5.1 hv †g‡b Abyôvb m¤cÖPvi Kiv nq|


K. †eZv‡ii m¤cÖPvi †KvW

L. D‡`¨v³v ms¯’v/mswkøó GbwRI KZ…©K wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv

M †eZv‡ii m¤úªPvi †Kv‡Wi wfwË‡Z ˆZwi KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb KZ…©K wba©vwiZ bxwZgvjv

5.2 wKfv‡e m¤cÖPvi †Kv‡Wi mv‡_ †÷k‡bi Kg©x I †¯^PQv‡meK‡ì cwiwPZ Kiv nq?

(cÖÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. Kv‡Ri ga¨ w`‡q Rvbv I †evSv

L. Iwi‡q‡›Ukb ev AewnZKiY Kg©kvjv Av‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g

M. †iwWI †÷k‡b iwÿZ (cÖ`wk©Z) wjwLZ wb‡`©kbvi gva¨‡g

N. I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g

O. Ab¨ wKQz (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

5.3 wKfv‡e KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb m¤cÖPvi †KvW I Abyôvbgvjvi bxwZi mv‡_ m½wZ †i‡L Abyôvb cwiPvjbv K‡i?


K. †Kv‡bv mywbw`©wó eë¯’v AbymiY Kiv nq bv

L. mgq mgq Abyôv‡bi ˆèPqbwfwËK we‡kølY

M. Abyôvb PjvKvjxb †÷kb g¨v‡bRvi/Kgx© ï‡b _v‡Kb

N. cÖPv‡ii Av‡M †÷kb g¨v‡bRvi/Kgx© I †kÖvZviv †kv‡bb I c~‡e©B Abyôvb evQvB K‡ib


5.4 hLb m¤cÖPvi †KvW j•Nb Kiv nq, ZLb KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Kx c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i?


K. msÿzä Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q `ytL cÖKvk K‡i (m¤úªPv‡ii gva¨‡g)

L. Kg©Pvix-Kg©KZ©v‡ì mv‡_ êVK I Av‡jvPbv K‡i

M. Abyôv‡bi mv‡_ hy³ Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix‡ì civgk© hywM‡q/mZ©K K‡i

N. gv‡S gv‡S DÏxcbvg~jK/m‡PZbZvg~jK Av‡jvPbv K‡i


5. m¤úªPvi gvb




6. (KwgDwbwU †iwWIi) Af¨šÍixY kvmbeë¯’v

6.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Rb¨ bxwZMZ wm×všÍ wKfv‡e †bIqv n‡q _v‡K? (cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. g~j cÖwZôvb wKsev D‡`¨v³v †emiKvwi ms¯’vi gva¨‡g

L. Kg©x I m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i

M. KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i| (†hgbÑ †kªvZv K¬ve, mn‡hvMx‡ì wewfbœ MÖæc, Ab¨vb¨ `j, MYïbvwb)

N. Dc‡`óv KwgwUi civgk©µ‡g

O. eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi gva¨‡g

6.2 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi †Kv‡bv Dc‡`óv gÛjx Av‡Q wK?

K. nu¨v

L. bv

6.3 KZw`b cici KwgDwbwU †iwWI Dc‡`óv KwgwUi mfv AbywôZ nq?

K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgq mxgv †bB

M. eQ‡i GKevi

N. Aa©-evwl©K

O. wZb gv‡m GKevi

P. cÖwZgv‡m GKevi

6.4 KwgDwbwU †iwWI Dc‡`óv cl©` †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q mycvwik Ki‡Z cv‡i?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. †÷k‡bi bxwZgvjv hvPvB

M. Abyôvb msµvšÍ bxwZgvjv hvPvB

N. †gavwe/`ÿ‡ì m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM

O. †bUIqvwK©s/AvšÍ‡hvMv‡hvM‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i

6.5 KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Av‡Q wK bv?

K. nu¨v

L. bv

6.6 KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU KZ w`b cici êVK K‡i?

K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. wbw`©ó mgqmxgv †bB

M. eQ‡i GKevi

N. eQ‡i `yBevi

O. cÖwZ wZb gv‡m GKevi

P. AviI Kg mg‡q, D‡jøL Kiæb

6.7 KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Kx ai‡bi wm×všÍ †bq?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. †÷k‡bi bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i

M. A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv Aby‡gv`b K‡i

N. gvbem¤ú`K wel‡q civgk© †`q

O. Abyôvb wel‡q civgk© †`q

P. cÖhyw³MZ weKí wel‡q civgk© I Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb K‡i

Q. ¯’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi m‡½ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i

R. †bUIqvwK©s/AvšÍ‡hvMv‡hvM‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i

S. KwgDwbwU †iwWI RvZxq bxwZgvjvq A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K‡i

T. Ab¨ wKQ (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6.8 KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU‡Z Kviv cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. bvix

M. msL¨vjNy m¤úª`vq

N. wcwQ‡q cov Rb‡Mvôx

O. wkï

P. hye I hyebvix

Q. eq¯‹ bvMwiK

R. cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

S. †hŠb msL¨vjNy (mgKvgx, wnRov BZ¨vw`)

T. Ab¨vb¨ (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6.9 †Kvb cÖwµqvq KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z †jvK wb‡qvM Kiv nq?


K. D‡`¨v³v ms¯’v/mswkøó GbwRIi gva¨‡g

L. KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi mycvwi‡k

M. wb‡qvM weÁwßi gva¨‡g

N. †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì ga¨ †_‡K evQvB K‡i

O. KwgDwbwUi †jvK‡ì ga¨ †_‡K evQvB K‡i

P. Ab¨vb¨ (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6.10 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi eë¯’vcbv KwgwU, Dc‡`óv KwgwU Zv‡ì KwgDwbwUi gvby‡li (†kÖvZv, wewfbœ MÖæc BZ¨vw`) mv‡_ KZ w`b

cici Av‡jvPbv K‡i?

K. wbw`©ó mgq †bB

L. eQ‡i GKevi

M. Qq gv‡m GKevi

N. cÖwZ wZb gvm cici

O. AviI Kg mg‡q, wbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb

6.11 †Kvb Dcv‡q †iwWI †÷kb RbMY‡K †÷kb cwi`k©‡b Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i?


K. cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv †bB

L. ˆèPqb wfwË‡Z cwi`k©b

M. wbw`©ó mgq cici †÷kb mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ K‡i †`qv nq

N. KwgDwbwUi wewfbœ MÖvg A_ev †kªYxi gvby‡li msMwVZ cwi`k©b

O. mvgwqK mfvi gva¨‡g

P. †Kvb we‡kl Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g| (†hgbÑ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Kvh©µg)

Q. Ab¨ wKQy (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6.12 wKfv‡e KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Zv‡ì †÷kb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© KwgDwbwU‡K AewnZ K‡i?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g

M.KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b QK I cÖ`k©bxi gva¨‡g

N. b¨v‡iv Kvw÷s †mkb PjvKv‡j

O. †÷kb mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ _vKvKvjxb

P. mvgvwRK AwWU PjvKv‡j

Q. †iwWI‡Z †NvlYv †`qvi gva¨‡g

R. ¯’vbxq Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡g †NvlYv w`‡q

S. I‡qemvBU ev mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g

T. Ab¨ wKQy (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)


6. (KwgDwbwU †iwWIi) Af¨šÍixY kvmbeë¯’v

6.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Rb¨ bxwZMZ wm×všÍ wKfv‡e †bIqv n‡q _v‡K? (cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. g~j cÖwZôvb wKsev D‡`¨v³v †emiKvwi ms¯’vi gva¨‡g

L. Kg©x I m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i

M. KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv K‡i| (†hgbÑ †kªvZv K¬ve, mn‡hvMx‡ì wewfbœ MÖæc, Ab¨vb¨ `j, MYïbvwb)

N. Dc‡`óv KwgwUi civgk©µ‡g

O. eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi gva¨‡g

6.2 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi †Kv‡bv Dc‡`óv gÛjx Av‡Q wK?

K. nu¨v

L. bv

6.3 KZw`b cici KwgDwbwU †iwWI Dc‡`óv KwgwUi mfv AbywôZ nq?

K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó mgq mxgv †bB

M. eQ‡i GKevi

N. Aa©-evwl©K

O. wZb gv‡m GKevi

P. cÖwZgv‡m GKevi

6.4 KwgDwbwU †iwWI Dc‡`óv cl©` †Kvb †Kvb wel‡q mycvwik Ki‡Z cv‡i?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. †÷k‡bi bxwZgvjv hvPvB

M. Abyôvb msµvšÍ bxwZgvjv hvPvB

N. †gavwe/`ÿ‡ì m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM

O. †bUIqvwK©s/AvšÍ‡hvMv‡hvM‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i

6.5 KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Av‡Q wK bv?

K. nu¨v

L. bv

6.6 KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU KZ w`b cici êVK K‡i?

K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. wbw`©ó mgqmxgv †bB

M. eQ‡i GKevi

N. eQ‡i `yBevi

O. cÖwZ wZb gv‡m GKevi

P. AviI Kg mg‡q, D‡jøL Kiæb

6.7 KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU Kx ai‡bi wm×všÍ †bq?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. †÷k‡bi bxwZ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i

M. A_©‰bwZK cwiKíbv Aby‡gv`b K‡i

N. gvbem¤ú`K wel‡q civgk© †`q

O. Abyôvb wel‡q civgk© †`q

P. cÖhyw³MZ weKí wel‡q civgk© I Aby‡gv`b cÖ`vb K‡i

Q. ¯’vbxq cÖkvm‡bi m‡½ ms‡hvM ¯’vcb K‡i

R. †bUIqvwK©s/AvšÍ‡hvMv‡hvM‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i

S. KwgDwbwU †iwWI RvZxq bxwZgvjvq A¨vW‡fv‡Kwm K‡i

T. Ab¨ wKQ (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6.8 KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwU‡Z Kviv cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡ib?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. bvix

M. msL¨vjNy m¤úª`vq

N. wcwQ‡q cov Rb‡Mvôx

O. wkï

P. hye I hyebvix

Q. eq¯‹ bvMwiK

R. cÖwZeÜx e¨w³

S. †hŠb msL¨vjNy (mgKvgx, wnRov BZ¨vw`)

T. Ab¨vb¨ (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6.9 †Kvb cÖwµqvq KwgDwbwU †iwWI‡Z †jvK wb‡qvM Kiv nq?


K. D‡`¨v³v ms¯’v/mswkøó GbwRIi gva¨‡g

L. KwgDwbwU †iwWI eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi mycvwi‡k

M. wb‡qvM weÁwßi gva¨‡g

N. †¯^”Qv‡meK‡ì ga¨ †_‡K evQvB K‡i

O. KwgDwbwUi †jvK‡ì ga¨ †_‡K evQvB K‡i

P. Ab¨vb¨ (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6.10 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi eë¯’vcbv KwgwU, Dc‡`óv KwgwU Zv‡ì KwgDwbwUi gvby‡li (†kÖvZv, wewfbœ MÖæc BZ¨vw`) mv‡_ KZ w`b

cici Av‡jvPbv K‡i?

K. wbw`©ó mgq †bB

L. eQ‡i GKevi

M. Qq gv‡m GKevi

N. cÖwZ wZb gvm cici

O. AviI Kg mg‡q, wbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb

6.11 †Kvb Dcv‡q †iwWI †÷kb RbMY‡K †÷kb cwi`k©‡b Drmvn cÖ`vb K‡i?


K. cwi`k©‡bi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv †bB

L. ˆèPqb wfwË‡Z cwi`k©b

M. wbw`©ó mgq cici †÷kb mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ K‡i †`qv nq

N. KwgDwbwUi wewfbœ MÖvg A_ev †kªYxi gvby‡li msMwVZ cwi`k©b

O. mvgwqK mfvi gva¨‡g

P. †Kvb we‡kl Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g| (†hgbÑ ¯^v¯’¨‡mev Kvh©µg)


6.12 wKfv‡e KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Zv‡ì †÷kb cwiPvjb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© KwgDwbwU‡K AewnZ K‡i?


K. cÖ‡hvR¨ bq

L. KwgDwbwUi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g

M.KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b QK I cÖ`k©bxi gva¨‡g

N. b¨v‡iv Kvw÷s †mkb PjvKv‡j

O. †÷kb mevi Rb¨ Db¥y³ _vKvKvjxb

P. mvgvwRK AwWU PjvKv‡j

Q. †iwWI‡Z †NvlYv †`qvi gva¨‡g

R. ¯’vbxq Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡g †NvlYv w`‡q

S. I‡qemvBU ev mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM gva¨‡g

T. Ab¨ wKQy (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

6. KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Af¨šÍixY cwiPvjb eë¯’v




7. Awf‡hvM I gZvgZ

7.1 †Kvb gva¨g eënvi K‡i †kÖvZv Zv‡ì gZvgZ †iwWI †÷k‡b †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z cv‡i? (cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. †kÖvZv‡ì g‡a¨ Rwic

L. wPwV

M. †dvbKj

N. GmGgGm

O. B-†gBj

P. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM I‡qemvBU

Q. gy‡LvgyLx mfv

R. Awf‡hvM I civgk©`vb ev·

S. Ab¨ wKQz (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

7.2 wKfv‡e †kÖvZv‡ì †`qv gZvgZ cÖwµqvKiY Kiv nq?

K. †Kvb cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv nq bv

L. gZvgZ msMÖn I we‡kølY

M. Kg©x‡ì mvgwqK Av‡jvPbv mfvq civgk©¸‡jv Avg‡j †bIqv Ges †m Abyhvqx c`‡ÿc MÖnY

N. D‡`¨v³v ms¯’vi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i c`‡ÿc MÖnY

O. wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi gZvgZ m¤cÖPvi

P. Ab¨ wKQz

7.3 wK‡mi gva¨‡g/‡Kvb c×wZ‡Z †kÖvZviv KwgDwbwU †iwWI m¤ú‡K© Zv‡ì Amš‘wó/Awf‡hvM Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib?


K. †kÖvZv‡ì g‡a¨ Rwic

L. wPwV

M. †dvbKj

N. GmGgGm

O. B-†gBj

P. mvgvwRK †hvMv‡hvM I‡qemvBU

Q. gy‡LvgywL mfv

R. Awf‡hvM I civgk©`vb ev·

S. Ab¨ wKQz (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

7.4 †kÖvZv‡ì †`qv Amš‘wó/Awf‡hvM m¤úwK©Z Z_¨¸‡jv‡K wKfv‡e cÖwµqvRvZ (wb®úwË) Kiv nq?

K. †Kv‡bv wKQz Kiv nq bv

L. Amš‘wó/Awf‡hvM msMÖn I we‡kølY

M. †÷kb g¨v‡bRvi KZ„©K Amš‘wó/Awf‡hvM ms‡kva‡bi wm×všÍ MÖnY

N. Kg©x‡ì mvgwqK Av‡jvPbv mfvq Amš‘wó/Awf‡hvM Avg‡j †bIqv Ges †m Abyhvqx c`‡ÿc MÖnY

O . D‡`¨v³v ms¯’vi m‡½ Av‡jvPbv K‡i c`‡ÿc MÖnY

P. wbw`©ó mgq AšÍi Awf‡hvM m¤cÖPvi


7.5 †kªvZv‡ì gZvgZ I Awf‡hv‡Mi wfwË‡Z weMZ Qq gv‡m KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Zvi Abyôvb cÖ‡hvRbv A_ev m¤cÖPv‡ii †ÿ‡Î

Kx ai‡bi cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q?


7. Awf‡hvM I gZvgZ




8. Abyôvb DcKiY ev Z_¨ wewbgq I †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb

8.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWI ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ wb‡¤œv³ †Kvb ai‡bi DcKiY wewbgq K‡i _v‡K?

K. †Kv‡bv DcKiY wewbgq K‡i bv

L. Abyôv‡bi aviYv wewbgq K‡i

M. Abyôv‡bi w¯ŒÞ wewbgq K‡i

N. wbwg©Z Abyôvb wewbgq K‡i

O. Ab¨wKQz (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

8.2 Z…Zxq †Kv‡bv Drm/gva¨‡gi wbwg©Z Abyôvb †_‡K kZKiv KZ fvM Abyôvb m¤úªPvwiZ nq?

(Drm/gva¨g: BDwb‡md, BD‡b‡¯‹v, wewewm Iqvì© mvwf©m Uªv÷, W‡q‡P †f‡j, †gix †÷vcm, mvBU‡mfvi BZ¨vw`)

K. AvbygvwbK 50%

L. 35-50% Gi g‡a¨

M. 20-35% Gi g‡a¨

N. 20% Gi wb‡P

O. m¤úªPvwiZ nq bv

8.3 Ab¨vb¨ †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi mv‡_ Abyôvb ev Abyôv‡bi Dcv`vb wewbg‡qi †ÿ‡Î KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb ¯’vbxq wkíxi AwaKvi

iÿvq Kx K‡i _v‡K? (cÖ‡hvR¨ †ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. †Kv‡bv bxwZgvjv †bB

L. mswkøó wkíxi m¤§wZµ‡g

M. m¤úªPvi Kv‡j ¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡q

N. hw` m¤úªPvi †_‡K evwYwR¨K mnvqZv nq, Z‡e Zuv‡K A_©‰bwZK mnvqZv w`‡q

O. wkíx‡ì Mv‡bi KwcivBU msiÿY Kiv

P. Ab¨ wKQzz (mywbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

8.4 GKwU KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb Ab¨ †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi mv‡_ wK wK wewbgq K‡i?


K. wKQzB bv

L. Abyôvb

M. †cÖvMÖv‡gi aviYv/w¯ŒÞ

N. evwYwR¨K m¤cÖPvi mgq

O. `ÿZv

P. AwfÁZv/Ávb

Q. Ab¨ wKQz (wbw`©ófv‡e D‡jøL Kiæb)

8.5 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb wK Kg©x‡ì `ÿZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ Ab¨ †iwWI †÷kb wfwRU Kivi eë¯’v K‡i?

K. nu¨v

L. bv

8.6 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi m¤úªPvi mn‡hvMx cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e †Kvb †Kvb RvZxq/AvšÍR©vwZK msMVb/†bUIqvK©

(AbjvBb Ges AdjvBb) mwµq i‡q‡Q?

K. KwgDwbwU †iwWI †dvivg Ae evsjv‡`k

L. eªWKvw÷s G¨v‡mvwm‡qkb Ae evsjv‡`k

M. weGbGbAviwm

N. GAvBwewW

O. GgvK©

P. GweBD

Q. evsjv‡`k †eZvi

R. †mgKv

S. Ab¨vb¨

8.7 KwgDwbwU †iwWI mvgvwRK Av‡›`vjb/cÖwZôvb-Gi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi †Kvb †Kvb AwaKvi wb‡q KvR K‡i? (cÖ‡hvR¨

†ÿ‡Î wUK wPý w`b)

K. †Kvb ms‡hvM †bB

L. Z_¨ AwaKvi

M. Lv`¨ wbivcËv

N. cwi‡ek

O. eb I Avwèvmx AwaKvi

P. bvix I wkï AwaKvi

Q. `wjZ‡ì AwaKvi

R. wkÿvi AwaKvi

S. Kg©ms¯’v‡bi AwaKvi

T. ¯^v¯’¨ AwaKvi

U. `y‡h©vM cÖkgb

V. cÖwZeÜx AwaKvi

W. gvbe cvPvi †iva

X. Ab¨vb¨


8. Abyôvb DcKiY ev Z_¨ wewbgq I †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb




9. ivR¯^ msMÖn I A_©‰bwZK `vqe×Zv

9.1 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷kb¸‡jvi Av‡qi Drm Kx Kx? (hLb DËi †`‡eb, †mLv‡b kZKiv wnmve wjL‡eb)

Drm †gvU mnvqZvi kZKiv nvi

eûcvwÿK cÖwZôv‡bi A_©vqb

D‡`¨v³v msMVb

miKvwi weÁvcb

miKvwi Aby`vb

evwYwR¨K weÁvcb

AbyôvbwfwËK Aby`vb

we‡kl cÖKí †_‡K Avq

Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq-Gi Avw_©K Aby`vb

†÷k‡bi wecYb‡hvM¨ cY¨ wewµ

m`m¨‡ì Puv`v

RbM‡Yi Aby`vb

Ab¨vb¨ Drm

1.

2.

3.

9.2 KwgDwbwU †iwWIi Kvh©µg g~j¨vq‡bi mgq M‡o cÖwZ NÈvq KZ wgwbU weÁvcb cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q?

K. weÁvcb bvB

L. 0.1-0.59 wgwbU

M. 1.00-1.59 wgwbU

N. 2.00-2.59 wgwbU

O. 3.00-3.59 wgwbU

P. 4.00-5.00 wgwbU

9.3 KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡bi Rb¨ AwZwi³ †h mKj Avq i‡q‡Q-


K. †Kv‡bv AwZwi³ Avq †bB

L. ÷zwWI fvov †`qv

M. hš¿cvwZ fvov †`qv

M. d‡UvKwc

N. B›Uvi‡bU eënvi

O. cÖwkÿY

P. Ab¨vb¨

9.4 Kx Dcv‡q KwgDwbwU †iwWI KwgDwbwU †_‡K Znwej msMÖn K‡i?

K. Znwej msMÖn K‡i bv

L. m`m¨‡ì Puv`v

M. bM` Avw_©K mnvqZv

N. Ab¨wea mnvqZv (Avw_©K mnvqZv wfbœ)

O. ï‡f”Qv/Dcnvi/we‡kl †NvlYv

P. Ab¨vb¨

9.5 KZ w`b cici †iwWI Gi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve KwgDwbwU m`m¨‡ì AewnZ K‡i?

K. AewnZ K‡i bv

L. eQ‡i GKevi

M. Qq gvm cici

9.6 wKfv‡e KwgDwbwU †iwWI Gi Avq e¨‡qi LwZqvb KwgDwbwUi mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb K‡i?

K. Dc¯’vcb K‡i bv

L. KwgDwbwU †iwWI †÷k‡b cÖ`k©b K‡i

M.I‡qemvB‡Ui gva¨‡g

N. Pvwn`v †gvZv‡eK Dc¯’vcb K‡i

O. wbw`©ó mgq cici m¤úªPvi K‡i

P. Ab¨vb¨..........................

9.7 KwgDwbwU †iwWI Avq evov‡bvi Rb¨ Kx ai‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i?

K. we`¨gvb Drm¸‡jv †_‡K Avq e„w× Kiv

L. Av‡qi Drm¸‡jv‡K Av‡iv eûgyLx/êwPÎ¨ mg„× Kiv

M. †kÖvZv evov‡Z UªvÝwgUv‡ii kw³ evov‡bv

N. we‡kl ai‡bi Abyôv‡bi m¤úªPvi evov‡bv

O. Abyôv‡bi ¸YMZ gvb Dbœqb NUv‡bv

P. KwgDwbwU AskMÖn‡Yi nvi e„w× Kiv

Q. evB‡ii m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM evov‡bv

R. Ab¨vb¨

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