community organising for health 2013

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Community Organizing and Socialmobilisation for Health

FRANCIS Cranmer Kyakulaga

BCH IIJanuary 2013

Introduction andkey definitions


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Background to CommunityOrganising for Health

Community organizing activities

are a way of activating thecommunity to encourage or

support social and behavioralchange (Bracht et al., 1990).


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Intro conti

It is intended to bring about change

at the community level is based onprinciples of empowerment,

community competence, active

participation and "starting where

the people are" (Minkler, 1990, p.

270).3


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Conti..

Using the various community examples

at various levels as our laboratory wewill examine organizers, issues, and

organizations involved in the practice

of community organizing. We willexplore the diverse roles, goals and

strategies used by community

organizers to affect social change.4


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Intro Conti

Models of community organizing

including; mass mobilization, socialaction, grass roots empowerment,

leadership development and

advocacy. Special attention will bepaid to issues of gender, class, race,

ethnicity in organizing for health.

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Social critics incl. Iris Marion Young argue

that, there is no universally sharedconcept of community (Young, 1986).

Community can be defined by: Patterns of interaction among individuals;

Perceptions of commonality or common interest; and/or

Geography, i.e., adjoining houses, streets, neighbourhoods,

or schools.6

What is a Community?


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Community is a group of people living

in close proximity to one another whohave formed relationships through

several overlapping and interacting

social networks and through a sharedsense of needs and local common

good (adapted from Eng & Blanchard,

1991).7

What is a Community


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Community conti

It is a group of people having ethnic or

cultural or religious characteristics incommon; "the Christian community of the

apostolic age"; "he was well known

throughout the Catholic community" It is a group of nations having common

interests; "they hoped to join the NATO

community"8


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Conti.

It is also the body of people in a learned

occupation; "the news spread rapidly throughthe medical community"

It is a district where people live; occupied

primarily by private residences In ecology, it could be a group of

interdependent organisms inhabiting the

same region and interacting with each other9


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Collaboration, partnership andjoint-

working are used interchangeably torefer to : collective actions by

individuals or their organizations for a

more shared communal benefit thaneach could accomplish as an individual

player (El Ansari et al, 2001).10

Collaboration and Partnerships


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society and social institutions

These are more than just a collection of individuals.

They include how those individuals are linked toeach other. They are sets of systems such as

economy, political organization, values, ideas,

technology, and patterns of expected behaviours

(social interaction). Individuals come in and goout (birth, death, migration), yet those institutions

(such as communities) continue; they transcend

their members. The whole is greater than the

sum of its parts.11


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Community capacity in Health

Community capacity in health is the

characteristics of communities thataffect their ability to identify, mobilize

for, and address social

and public health problems (McLeroy,

1996).

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Community empowerment:

This is a social action process that

promotes participation of people,organizations and communities towards

the goals of increased individual and

community control, political efficacy,improved quality of community life and

social justice (Wallerstein, 1992).

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Community involvement:

a deliberate strategy that systematically

promotes the participation of thecommunity in its own health development

in order to benefit from increased local self-

reliance and social control over the

infrastructure and technology of health

care (adapted from Kahssay & Oakley,

1999 and Fonaroff, 1983).14


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Community Mobilisation

This is process of involving people to organise

and take action to achieve a commonobjective which will be beneficial to them. For

example, an NGO/CBO may mobilise women

and political leaders in one community to

participate in a water and sanitation project.

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Social mobilization

Dialogue and negotiations with individualmembers, heads of households and influentialcommunity members

Involving religious, community leaders, NGOsand other influential champions in the district tomobilize for immunization

Work with line departments including education,community development Sub County andParish chiefs) in the district


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Advocacy

Dissemination of information on the immunization

status by administrative/political area (Sub County,

Constituency and Parish) to Civic and Politicalleaders to make them aware of the performance

of their area of jurisdiction, to come up with

evidence based interventions to improve

immunization services

Involving the political leadership district

executive, councilors, members of parliament and

child right advocates in the district to advocate for


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What is community participation?

The processes we refer to and advocate in our

work and publications, involve much more thansimply informing the relevant publics. While in

Australia the terms consultation and

participation are often used interchangeably,

we choose to make a distinction to highlight thepartnership qualities of the work we describe.

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Community health structures:

These a wide range of

organizations, formal andinformal groups and networks

within the defined community.

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Competent community:

one whose members can

collaborate effectively in identifyingproblems, can reach consensus on

goals and strategies, and can

cooperate in the actions necessary

to acquire resources to solve those

problems (Cottrell, 1983).20


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District health system:

A self-contained segment of the

national health system consistingof a well-defined population living

within a clearly delineated

administrative and geographical

area, whether urban or rural

(WHO, 1995).21


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Political and administrative structure


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Health service structures:

Those structures within the local

health system that providepromotive, preventive, curative and

palliative services by formal

(professional and para-professional)

health workers.

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HSD

District Health Services HQ

National Referral HOSP

Referral Facility(Public or NGO)

(HC IV or HOSPITAL)

HC II HC II

HOUSEHOLDS / COMMUNITIES / VILLAGES

Regional Referral

HOSPITALS

HC II HC II HC II

HC IIIHC IIIHC III

MOH Headquarters

District

Health

Services


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Interface:

The point where interaction

occurs between the healthservice structures and

community structures.

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Synergy:

This is increased effectiveness or

achievement produced bycombined action or cooperation.

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