community health program in rwanda: from policy to action cathy mugeni, community health desk,...
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Community Health program in Rwanda:
from Policy to Action
Cathy Mugeni,
Community Health Desk, Ministry of Health
January 25, 2011
First International Community Health Conference
Kigali, Rwanda
Overview
To consolidate, expand and improve
services for the prevention of disease
and promotion of health
To consolidate, expand and improve
services for the treatment and
control of disease
To ensure financial accessibility to health services for all
To improve accessibility to, quality of and
demand for Maternal Health, Family Plan., Rep. Health, Nutrition
services
Levels of Intervention•Family-oriented community based services•Population oriented schedulable services
•Individual oriented clinical services
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To increase the availability and quality of human resources for Health
To strengthen the sector’s institutional capacity
To ensure the highest attainable quality of health services at all levels
To strengthen Specialised Services, National Referral Hospitals and research capacity
To ensure geographical accessibility to health services for all
To ensure (universal) availability & rational use at all levels of quality drugs, vaccines & consumables
To ensure financial accessibility to health services for all & sustainable & equitable financing of the health sector
Rwanda National Health Policy Rwanda National Health Policy (based on WHO’s seven building blocks health systems strengthening)(based on WHO’s seven building blocks health systems strengthening)
NATIONAL LEVELMiniSante
Community Health Desk
NATIONAL LEVELMiniSante
Community Health Desk
DISTRICT HOSPITAL•District Hygiene and Sanitation Officer •Community Health Coordinator
DISTRICT HOSPITAL•District Hygiene and Sanitation Officer •Community Health Coordinator
DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIONDistrict Health Supervisor
DISTRICT ADMINISTRATIONDistrict Health Supervisor
HEALTH CENTER/COOPERATIVEHygienist or Sociologue
Chargé of Community Health Activities
HEALTH CENTER/COOPERATIVEHygienist or Sociologue
Chargé of Community Health Activities
CELL LEVELBinome Supervisor
(1 per cell, elected from among the binomes)
CELL LEVELBinome Supervisor
(1 per cell, elected from among the binomes)
UMUDUGUDU (VILLAGE) LEVELCommunity Health Workers
•Binomes (male & female worker in each umudugudu)•CAS (1 per umudugudu)•ASM (1 per umudugudu)•Palliative Care (2 per umudugudu, not yet elected)
UMUDUGUDU (VILLAGE) LEVELCommunity Health Workers
•Binomes (male & female worker in each umudugudu)•CAS (1 per umudugudu)•ASM (1 per umudugudu)•Palliative Care (2 per umudugudu, not yet elected)
Community Health Structure Community Health Structure
T
+11% p.a.
201120051995
Evolution of CHWs
•Selection and training of CHWs countrywide
•Linkage to a diversification of strategies
• to reduce child and maternal mortality
•community case management
•Initiated : 1995 ( after Genocide ) Objective: first level of entry to the health system•Operates at smallest administrative unit of the country (villages)•Includes a minimum package of activities focusing on primary health care
BEGINNING OF CHW Evolution
Strengthening health systems through community Strengthening health systems through community healthhealth
Community Health WorkersCommunity Health Workers
1 Binome female & male
1 CHSA (in charge of social affairs)
4 CHWs/ village
Community Health Workers have a broad range of activities
Preventive Services
•Community sensitization on prevention of common: diseases: malaria, diarrhoea, ARI, etc.
• Education for prevention of sexual transmitted infections
•Community mobilization and sensitization, health campaign on hygiene and sanitation, immunization etc.
•Educate communities on use of water treatment solutions and distribute them
Curative Services
•Community Case Management of malaria, ARI, diarrhoea, vaccination, malnutrition (e.g. Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses/Community IMCI)
•Provision of family planning services including FP products
•Engage in community DOTs for tuberculosis, HIV
Promotive Services
•Nutrition education to communities
•Growth monitoring particularly among children under five years old
•Nutrition surveillance
•Routine home visits for active case finding
Community Health Workers have a broad range of activities
Community Health Workers: a broad range of activitiesCommunity Health Workers: a broad range of activities
• Monthly growth monitoring & promotion
• Screening children for SAM using Middle Arm Circumference Measurement tape (MUAC)
• Treatment of SAM with RUTF (Plumpynut)
• Community demonstration kitchens to prevent malnutrition and reoccurrence
• Community level follow-up for treatment effectiveness
Community-based prevention, screening and Community-based prevention, screening and treatment of malnutritiontreatment of malnutrition
• Targets children less than 5 years for following health problems • fever • diarrhea • acute respiratory infections • malnutrition
• Medications provided include;• coartem • amoxicillin (pneumonia)• oral rehydration solution +
zinc
Community based Community based Integrated Management of Child IllnessIntegrated Management of Child Illness
(CB-IMCI)(CB-IMCI)
• Identify and register women of reproductive age (encourage family planning)
• Identify pregnant women and encourage ANC, birth preparedness and facility based deliveries
• Identify women and newborns with danger signs and refer them to health facility for care
• Accompany women in labor to health facilities
• Encourage early postnatal facility checks for both newborns and the mothers
• Use RapidSMS to support activities
Community-based maternal- neonatal care Community-based maternal- neonatal care
• Community health workers (CHW) provide:
• condoms,
• oral contraceptive pills,
• injectables,
• Standard Days Method
• Pilot In March and April, 2010,
• 3068 CHWs were trained as trainers in CBP.
Community based provision of family planning Community based provision of family planning
Community DOTs for treatment and care of TB; •implemented in 30 districts •100% of the Rwandan population
Community DOTs for treatment and care •HIV •NCD implemented by partners in 3 districts since 2005
Community DOT HIV, TB and other chronic illnessesCommunity DOT HIV, TB and other chronic illnesses
• Sensitizing communities on disease preventive measures
• proper hygiene and sanitation,
• use of Insecticide treated mosquito nets,
• early health care seeking behaviors,
• breast feeding, infant and young child feeding/nutrition
• Disease surveillance
• Contact tracing
Community behavior change and communicationCommunity behavior change and communication
• CHWs will be responsible for mobilizing the community to join CHC
• CHWs will facilitate for the CHC during dialogue sessions
• The CHWs will list all CHC members in a registration book
• CHW signs membership cards for those attending sessions
• CHWs make household visits to check improved hygiene practices
Community Environmental Health Interventions: Community Environmental Health Interventions: Implementation of CBEHPPImplementation of CBEHPP
• All CHWs received mobile phones;
• Phone4He being piloted for CHWs to report on HMIS indicators
• CHW binome enters list of community health indicators that feeds into national HMIS;
• 22 indicators
• include CCM, MCH, deaths,
• Rapid SMS transmits information into computerized recording and response system
• Improves referral system
• Contact tracing, etc
• Facilitates emergency services /
Community health information systems and Community health information systems and innovative technologies (m’ubuzima: Rapid SMS & P4H )
• Health mutuelle:• Covers 85% of population• 1000Rwf annual fee, • payment per service
• Increases access to health facility services
• Reduction in illnesses• Most vulnerable are covered
by basket fund (risk-pooling)
Community-based health insurance
Improves performance of CHWs by motivating them to raise agreed upon performance indicators
Payments made when proof of the agreed level of performance
Community PBF guide details management at different levels
The Sector Steering Committee oversees the implementation and approves payment to the CHW Cooperative.
Indicators entered at district level into web-based database after quarterly approval by committee with feedback
Community-PBF/www.pbfrwanda.org/siscom
CHWs COOPERATIVEs
All CHWs organized in cooperatives to ensure income generation and accountability of expected results
Community PBF payments used for cooperative income generating projects including:
poultry, cattle/goat/pig rearing, crop farming, basket making, etc.
• Trust and respect from community members, leaders etc…
• Support from Supervisors and implementation partners help improve work;
• Regular trainings, meetings supervision
• In-country study tours to learn from peers in other districts
• Distance learning
• Community performance-based financing (PBF);
• Membership in cooperatives for income generation
Incentives and motivation for CHWsIncentives and motivation for CHWs
National• M&E desk at MoH: supervisors• M&E technical work group with partners
District• 41 & 5 NGOs Community health and M&E
supervisors
Health center• 380 In-charge of community health• 416 Sector-level comité de pilotage
Cell• CHW supervisors
Monitoring and Evaluation
• Evaluate innovative interventions• Community participation • Promote and share best practices• Learn from other country experiences• Strengthen referral between community
and health facilities• More…
Way forward