community ecology of invasions: direct and indirect effects of invasive fish and bullfrogs
DESCRIPTION
Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs. Part 1: Background Information. How do multiple invaders influence native communities?. Western Mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ). American Bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeianus = [Rana catesbeiana] ). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and BullfrogsCommunity Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs
![Page 2: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Part 1: Background Information
![Page 3: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How do multiple invaders influence native communities?
![Page 4: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus= [Rana catesbeiana])
Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
![Page 5: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Through what mechanisms do invasive mosquitofish and bullfrogs influence native
community members and one another?Approach: Mesocosm Experiment
![Page 6: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mesocosm Experiment
Experimental Design1.) Natives2.) Natives + Bullfrogs3.) Natives + Mosquitofish4.) Natives + Bullfrogs + Mosquitofish
![Page 7: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
California Newt
Western Toad Pacific Chorus Frog
Native CommunityDaphnia sp.
Ramshorn Snail
![Page 8: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
California Newt
Western Toad
Mesocosm Food Web
ToadsTreefrogs
Newts
Phytoplankton(suspended algae)
Zooplankton
Periphyton(attached algae)
Snails
![Page 9: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Part 2: Results and Interpretation
![Page 10: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mesocosm ResultsAmphibian Survival
![Page 11: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Sublethal Fish Effects
![Page 12: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Amphibian Mass
![Page 13: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Zooplankton & PhytoplanktonResponses
![Page 15: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Snail Responses
![Page 16: Community Ecology of Invasions: Direct and Indirect Effects of Invasive Fish and Bullfrogs](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56812c41550346895d90c6a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Conclusions• Effects of invaders on native amphibians were
species-specific and varied with palatability and competitive ability of natives
• Mosquitofish suppressed zooplankton, with cascading effects on phytoplankton
• Invader effects were largely additive• Invaders did not negatively effect one another
in a short-term experiment