Community Based Water Resource Management: case study in Burkina Faso,

West Africa

Kampala 13-12-2012Presented by Lucien DAMIBA, West Africa

Regional Learning Center on Water Resources Management Coordinator .

Location and Target zone

Country RegionLocal Government

Communities

Burkina Faso

Central East

Lalgaye

Tenkodogo

Sablogo

Kampoaga

Basbédo

Climate context• Overall Climate in this area

is Soudano sahelian (betwen11° 3' et 13° 5‘ latitude North) .

• Two main seasons:– very short rainy season 3 to

4 months (June to mid October)

– a long dry season from 8 to 9 months (October to June).

• Annual rainfall range around 700-900mm/year)

Land use

Understanding the situation

Water usage and Access challenges

Water Usage:• Domestic use (drinking,

washing), Livestock , Irrigation, Brick making

• Community get water from hand dug wells, borehole or surface

Access to Water • travelling long distances to

fetch water• Long Time spent to fetch water• Number of water point not

enough • Conflict on water point• Functionality of Water Usage

Association • More pressure on water point • Functionality of water point

Threath to water resources in the target villages

•Poor reliability of water sources – seasonality• Low storage capacity•Flood•Rainfall variability• Water quality problems• High rates of service failure:

Failure of service management

Poor design and construction Problems with the resource

Community Based Water Resource Management Project in Basbédo, Kampoaga and Sablogo

CBWRM in Basbedo, Sablogo and Kampoaga

Principles: 1. Empowering communities and households in particular in the

management of water resources (monitoring and decision making).

2. Effective participation of communities in all stages of CBWRM.

3. Networking the key stakeholders through a suitable learning and sharing framework to address the local level management of water resources.

4. Pulling together skills, knowledge and practices gathered by communities, NGOs, local authorities and technical water units in project implementation. This helps to bridge the gaps identified within the various stakeholders.

5. Minimizes the threath

Rainfall Monitoring At Community Level 1. Rainfall Monitoring • Identification and selection of

community « lecteurs » to collecte,

• Raingauge set up with support by national Met Office which has trained local lecteurs and facilitators, provided data collection sheets.

• Support local « lecteurs » to draw the graph and analyse them

Examples of rainfall data collected by communities

Basbedo Sablogo

Ground water level monitoring At Community level

2. Groundwater Monitoring (handdug-well)

• Identification of water source (community mapping)

• Household survey • Training lecteurs on:

– Water cycle– Groundwater Water monitoring

with simple tools (photo lecteur avec sifflet)

– Data recording on simple format (lien ) linked to national format

– Draw graph on simple format (lien)

– Analyse data for decision makin

Examples of ground water data collected by communities

Basbego Kampoaga

11/12/2011

22/01/2012

04/03/2012

15/04/2012

27/05/2012

08/07/2012

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Fluctuation du niveau statique de l'eau dans les puits

Puits 1Puits 2Puits 3

Date de mesure

Niv

eau

stati

que

13/12/2011

16/01/2012

19/02/2012

24/03/2012

27/04/2012

31/05/2012

04/07/2012

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Evolution du niveau de l'eau du Puits de Kampoaga

Series1

Date de mesure

Niv

eau

stati

que

What does it mean for communities1. Community Assemblies :

discuss results achieved and take decisions towards improved management of the various uses made of water at community level:– Priority is given to drinking

water v irrigation, brick making etc.

– Allocation of time for men and animals

– Renewal of Water Usage Association

– Planning to improve WRM and Wash services: (plan d’action Basbedo)= 10 hand dugwell have been constructed

Achievements so far At Local Autority level ( LGs, ONG and Regional Directorate of Water)

• Groundwater Monitoring in borehole– Hand pump modification

• Cost: $ 10; By local artisan– Training on logger set up – Loggers establishment – Data download training and

data analisys – Establishment of

Documentation and Monitoring Comittee to monitor the project implementation and document the experience (photos)

Example of logger water level data

Borehole of Basbedo Borehole for Kampoaga

Natural dischargeThere is a correlation betwen rainfall and graound water recharge

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

20.0

12/10/2011

27/11/2011

12/01/2012

27/02/2012

13/04/2012

16

16.5

17

17.5

18

18.5

19

19.5

20

f(x) = 0.00709872560435811 x − 273.137465806684

Level Depth To Water (m)

Level De...

Role of actors (community level)Lecteurs • Ground water (hand dug well)

and rainfall monitoring• Data Interpretation and

analisys • Data storage • Feedback to community• Support Water Usage

Association • Take part of Documentation &

Monitoring Committee

Community • Disignation of lecteurs• Support lecteurs • Set up and institutionalize of

community assemblies Participate to community assembly

• Taking appropriate decision related to water management in conjunction with water point users

• Conflict management• Designation of 2 Representative

within the Monitoring & Documentation Commitee

Role of Actor (NGO’s level)DAKUPA (WaterAid Partner)

• Follow up the project implementation on the ground

• Community mobilization• Community training• Support community assembly

preparation• Data storage• Participate to data analisys• Member of documentation and

monitoring committee– Member of the tecnical unit

• Member of WRM National Learning Group

WaterAid • Support Dakupa to implement the

project• Member of Monitoring and

Documentation Committe– Member of the tecnical unit

• Support Analyse data provided by community and Loggers

• Support community training• Data storage• Provide different support to Dakupa,

LGs• Member of WRM National Learning

Group

Role of Actors (Local level)

Local Government • Chair of Monitoring and Documentation

Commitee• Take decision related to WRM at

commune level (e.g. • Institutionalising the Committee

– Regular meetings called by Chair– By-laws per LG or cross LGs

• Sharing information on the project during the municipal council meetings

• Follow up the project implementation on the ground

• Community mobilization• Sharing information on the project

during the municipal council session

Regional Directorate of Water• Member of Monitoring & Documentation

Commitee– synthetizer of the Committee

• Take appriate decision related to WRM at regional level

• Inform national level on the project• Provide technical support for data

analysis• Download data from level loggers• Data storage• Member of WRM learning group at

national level• Train community and Local partner on

WRM topic

Role of Actors (national level)

DEIE (national level)• Member of Monitoring and

Documentation Commitee• Member of WRM Learning

group at national level• Provide guidance and

technical support on national Policy on WRM– Data, format, advice …)

RLC-WRM (regional level)• Provide guidance technical tools

(toolkit) and support• Cordinate activities at national and

regional level• Link with PSU for technical support• Support MDC on capacity building• Train lecteurs• Support MDC for data analysis and

project documentation • Coordinate the WRM learning

Group at National and regional level• Data storage

How we try to link policy and practice

1. WRM Learning Group at national level:– Experience sharing– Promotion of good practice– Associate policy team to WRM learning group

2. Monitoring and Documentation Commitee at local level – Providing evidence – Decision making related to WRM at local level – Advocacy for local decret

3. Village assembly at community level

what stage the project is at in other West African countries

• Mali • Ghana• Nigeria

Challenges to date Sustaining the motivation of community lecteurs

Incentivize them to match their efforts and help improve WASH service delivery? Capacity of communities to understand, analyse and interprete data and use them.

How will communities own the methods for analyzing and interpreting data in order to highlight the rainfall-water table recharge-water removal for good decision making

Tools for monitoring the underground water :

How and where to find measurement tools which can be used easily by communities? In-between the dip meter and the whistle? Cheap but appropriate?

Education level of communities Involving women, most of whom are illiterate? How to collect reliable data using people with limited education level? How to increase the number of monitoring posts using a limited number of educated people

in the community? (people who are also often appealed to by other stakeholders) Sustained ownership of the approach by local authorities

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Lessons learnt The actual capacity of communties to learn from their own realities, understand

challenges they face and take collective decisions on water resource management.

For a CBWRM project to be successful, it is esential to have commitment and good collaboration of all actors including, technicians, communities, NGOs and local authorities.

Good management of local water resources requires a systematic monitoring of the resources (rainfall, underground water, quantity and quality issues).

Linking the local data with the national data system prompts engagement and involvement of State bodies in charge of water resources.

A successful implementation of the project in the Country Programmes requires that actions are planned in the MPBs.

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Way ForwardShare CBWRM approach and results with all Country

Programmes in West AfricaShare the evaluation findings with Country Programmes

in West AfricaEnsure that the project is effectively extended to other

countries of West AfricaSupport West Africa countries in the ownership process

of the approachConsolidate successes achieved in the pilot communitiesExtend the project to 10-15 communities of Burkina Faso

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THANK YOU