community-based cloud for emergency managementcs.ndsu.edu/seminar/li.pdf · 2012-05-20 · we...
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Community-based Cloud for Emergency Management
Juan Li
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
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Outline 1. Introduction and motivation 2. The framework 3. Conclusions
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
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2011: A year of natural disasters, 2012 ??
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
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Disaster Management may involve:• Various organizations and people • Massive amounts of information
• E.g., Construction, medical facilities, transportation, food, housing shelters, rescue resources and personnel
Classical disaster management:• Top-down approach • Failed to address local needs• Ignored the potential of indigenous resources and capacities
Opportunities: • Web 2.0, pervasive computing• Disaster management can involve general public
Motivation
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2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
“The public is a resource not a liability.” --Craig Fugate (Administrator of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) )
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We propose: A community-based disaster management approach
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
The complement to the prevailing emergency management framework Corrected the defects of the top-down approach Proactive disaster management signifying the role of general public and
local communities Utilize local knowledge and means of communication and organization. Increase the scope of disaster management Sustainable disaster reduction Real-time situational awareness
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What is it?
Interface
governmentUtility company
Social Cloud for Disaster Management
UniversityFire deptA cloud computing platform to address the community’s information, coordination and collaboration needs
A Web based portal with browser as the UI
Support access through multiple channels including low-end wireless devices
Enable collaboration between civil society, government, private sector, volunteers and the victimsthemselves
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Classical Cloud computing model
The cloud infrastructure is owned by an organization selling cloud services to the general public or to a large industry group.
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Problems of using classical cloud
Moving legacy data to a central data center is expensive Emergency related data changes fast -- data updating and
synchronizing is difficult to achieve Moving data to third-party may cause security issues. Data center vulnerable to disaster. E.g., the FEMA’s loss of access in May 2010.
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
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A community-based Cloud A paradigm for Cloud Computing in the community
without ( or with little) dependence on Cloud venders Resource pooling
Economic scalability
Individual autonomy: nodes act in their own self interest
Openness: nodes may join or leave easily
Graceful failure
Security and privacy
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Outline 1. Introduction and motivation 2. The framework 3. Conclusions
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
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System architecture
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Information repository
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“The world looks at a disaster,often willing to help, but needingan accurate picture. …Humanity’s effectiveness will bemuch increased if relevant datastreams are made available.”
http://www.w3.org/wiki/DisasterManagement
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2.1 Construction of virtual community database
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
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What is it?
P2P overlay networks Every peer can be both a server and a client Peers join and leave at will
Data integration systems Federated databases (scale, ad-hoc nature)
Goal: To enable users to share data across local or wide area networks in an ad-hoc, highly dynamic distributed architecture.
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Characteristics of disaster information Rapid changeability Large-amount Domain-heterogeneity Data format heterogeneity A spectrum of possibilities:
Relational tables XML RDF
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Ontology-based integration
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Ontology and semantic web technologies can be used to identify and associate semantically corresponding concepts in the disaster-related information, so that the heterogeneous data can be integrated and ingested
We generalize and definedisaster management ontology mostly from the existingontologies.
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Phased Framework Model
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Existing disaster-related ontologies
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BFO DOLCE/DULEOi E GEM UEOii EMiii Fiv LODEv SEMvi GER2004 2003 2004 2007 2003 2009 2009 2009 2011Event
OntologyEvent
Model EGeospatial
Event ModelUpper Event
Ontology
Event Based Model
Event Model F Linking Open
Descriptions of Event
Simple Event Model
Eventmodel
3 classes17
properties
27 class6
perspectives
3 classes1 function
5 classes6 functions
13 relations
5 classes20 properties
DUL classes6 DnS patterns
1 other class
1 class6 properties
4 core classes1 other class 5 types3 property
constrains
5 Categori
es of relations
Music ; linking data
multimedia geospatial AI Cultural process and
narrative stories.
Emergency response;KM
Historical & news
Domain independent
Emergency/crisis
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Ontology definition
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For most crisis/disaster/emergency information, they have their domain categories/ hierarchies/ ontologies.
We want to reuse them, and provide freedom of meaning choices to users.
We try to provide Disaster-Related Concept to associated disaster information and relate to other useful resources according to users’ applications.
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Ontology-based integration: mappings
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Mappings semantically link data at the sources with the ontology.
LAV: the source database is modeled as a set of views over the Global ontology.Global Ontology
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Query general architecture
Based on Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) to get many good networking properties
A query processor is built on top
Note: the data is stored separately from the query engine, not a standard DB practice!
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Research problems
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
Query rewriting Distributed indexing Distributed query evaluation Optimization
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2.2 Construction of virtual social media database
2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
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The role of social media in disaster response
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2/19/2012CS Faculty Seminar
Crisis Management PR, Social Media PR Tips, 2010,
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Information from “close” circle is more important
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Information from friends, family and neighbors are particular important for the public to fulfill information seeking requirements, and to make decisions, because this kind of information provides local context, rapid updates as well as safety & welfare checking of close relationships.
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Research problems
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Visualization of the information Sorting Categorization Crowd-mapping …
Filtering Noise, rumors…
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3. Social Network-based user interface
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Advantage of SNS-based system
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SNSs create Inter-organizational networking facilitating the flow of information across organizational
boundaries in emergencies increases interaction among organizations
SNSs allow the community/group as a whole to engage in overall higher levels of risk-taking and solve collective action problems more easily.
SNSs facilitate the rapid dissemination of information and improve access to resources among network members.
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Apps/tools needed
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Common SN applications E.g., status updates, walls, wikis, blogs, etc
Collaboration & communication tools E.g., authenticated discussion board, document sharing (include group
editing, group calendar, instant messaging, web conferencing, etc) Other management tools (e.g., functions in SAHANA) Missing Person Registry Organization Registry Request Management System Camp Registry Volunteer Management Inventory Management …
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Ongoing work: a prototype system
A social information system for the Red River crest
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Outline Introduction and motivation System design Conclusions
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Conclusion Proposed a community-based cloud computing platform Goals: maximally utilization all of the available information and human
power from within and outside of a community Rapid scaling when needed Significant flexibility and high cost reduction
Lots of open research problems…
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