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Defense Innovation

Eric D. Evans

Director

28 August 2018

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MIT Lincoln LaboratoryDoD Federally Funded Research and Development Center

Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts

Mission: Technology in Support of National Security

Key Roles: System architecture engineering

Long-term technology development

System prototyping and demonstration

Air, Missile, and

Maritime Defense

Technology

Homeland

Protection

Air Traffic

Control

Communication

Systems

Advanced

Technology

Space

Systems and

Technology

ISR Systems

and TechnologyTactical Systems

FY18 Funding: $1.05B

Mission Areas:

Cyber

Security

Engineering

Number of Employees: 3995

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National Security LandscapeDeterrence Perspective

Deterrence Levels Current Issues

Strategic

• Nuclear

• Cyber

• Biological

Conventional/Tactical

• Power projection

• Counter-A2/AD

• Conventional homeland defense

• Counterterrorism

Gray-zone

• Strategic campaign

• Whole of government response

• Multipolar global threat

• Cross-domain deterrence

• Escalation lattice

• Status of nuclear triad

• Missile defense

• Rise of tactical nuclear weapons

• Key system needs

Persistent sensing

Long-range quantity at low cost

Distributed value / disaggregation

Unmanned/autonomous systems

Cyber resilience

• Full effects chain capabilities

• Indications and warning systems

• Information campaign approach

• Reversible effects

• Covert effects

Escalation

Control

Crisis

Management

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DoD 5000 Acquisition Approach

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High-level Industrial Base Model

Production inIndustrial Base

System Concept Development

Research and TechnologyDevelopment

Prototyping and Demonstration

Operations

Supply Chain

D S B S U M M E R S T U D Y O N S T R A T E G I C

S U R P R I S E

D S B S U M M E R S T U D Y O N S T R A T E G I C

S U R P R I S E

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6

Production inIndustrial Base

System Concept Development

Research and TechnologyDevelopment

Prototyping and Demonstration

Operations• Transition approach unclear

• System concept extension of known conventional approaches

• Technology not mature • Prototype does not adequately reduce risk

• Industry not included early

• Limited operational input for prototype enhancement

• Transition and production funding not programmed

• Adaptability not designed into system

• Processor and software upgrades difficult

• Limited operational pull

• Concept of operations undefined

• Funding or time for training not available

• Testing not adequate for learning systems

• Limited operational testing under degraded conditions

• Readiness and sustainment funding not available

• Limited visibility into vulnerabilities and scalability

• Some commercial companies unwilling to participate

• Some aspects of chain under attack

• Limited or nooperational input

Supply Chain

High-level Industrial Base Model

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GEN 3 Processor

dB

Rela

tiv

e t

o

Th

erm

al N

ois

e

–15

–10

–5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Range (km)145

0

5

150 155 160 165 170 175 180

Non-AdaptivePre-Doppler STAP

Mitigation of Clutter

Mountaintop Test Site

STAP Performance Verification

Hawkeye 2000

E-2C Radar ModernizationLincoln Laboratory Roles

Digital Receivers

ADS-18 Antenna

• Technology prototype development

• System test beds and measurements

• STAP algorithm development

• Technology transfer to industry

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“Low-Flying” Test Target

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Key Enabling TechnologyGeiger-mode Imager: Photon-to-Digital Conversion

• Single-photon sensitivity

• Large format arrays

• High frame rate

• Sub-ns timing

• Noiseless readout

Polyimide

passivation

4 mm

InP

Su

bs

trate

InGaAsP

absorber

InP

multiplier

InP APD

Incident

Photons

Carrier

Generation

Avalanche

Region

LensletArray

Avalanche Photodiode (APD)

Array

CMOSReadout

APDDetector

Array

DigitalTimingCircuit

DigitallyEncodedPhoton

Arrival Time

Pixel Circuit

AvalanchePhotodiode

(APD)

Photon

64 x 256 (2009)32 x 128 (2006)

Geiger-mode imagers enable revolutionary ladar capability

− High altitude operation

− High area coverage rate

128 x 256 (2015)

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Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiode ArraysProgram Genealogy

OSD

Line

$750k

OSD

Line

$1.7M

2000 2005

OSD

Line

$800k

OSD

Line

$1.0M

OSD

Line

$950k

OSD

Line

$900k

OSD

Line

$2.2M

OSD

Line

$1.1M

OSD

Line

$850k

OSD

Line

$1.65M

OSD

Line

$650k

OSD

Line

$500k

OSD

Line

$250k

OSD

Line

$500k

20101998

Program 1418

$48M (FY06–11)External: $133.6M

Internal: $13.8M

ALIRT

$30M (FY99–FY09)32 × 32 Silicon APD

Array for ALIRT

32 × 128 InGaAs APD

Array for ALIRT

SOUTHCOM

FALCON-I

$12M (FY10–

Present)

DARPA Jigsaw

$18M (FY01–FY07) ALIRT Deployment

$21M (FY10–Present)

Low-Jitter Silicon APD

Arrays

SLBD

$2.1M (FY02–03)

32 × 32 InGaAs APD

Array for ALIRT

Haiti

Disaster Relief

$2.5M (FY10)

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MACHETE: Advanced FOPEN Ladar System for USSOUTHCOM

DHC-8-202 Turboprop Platform

• Scalable, multi-INT

• Advanced

algorithms

• Transportable

MACHETE Ground Processing Station

• E/O-like

resolution

• 3D imagery

• Laser: 15W, 400ps,

20kHz

• Detectors: 64×256

array (dual)

MACHETE Sensor

• Near real time products

• Handles 1 GB/s

data rates

• SWaP constrained

• 2.5x real time

MACHETE Onboard Processing Station

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Rain Forest FOPEN Imagery Example: El Yunque National Forest

3D Ladar - 12

MJK 9/13/2018

Collection parameters:Sensor: ALIRT

Location: El Yunque Forest

Flight altitude: 7.5 kft AGL

Imaging time: ~ 30 seconds

Box size: (200 m)2

ALIRT Puerto Rico campaign success resulted in USSOUTHCOM tasking Lincoln to develop

FOPEN-optimized, next generation ladar sensor

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NASA Lunar Laser Communication Demonstration (LLCD)

• Demonstrate high-rate optical trunk from

lunar orbit (385,000 km)

– 622 Mbps downlink

– 20 Mbps uplink

– Sub-cm ranging

• Laboratory roles

– Lasercom architecture and system

engineering

– Build space terminal

– Build portable ground terminal

– Build lasercom operations center

– Operate lasercom system and perform

experiments

– Develop superconducting nanowire

detectors for ground terminal

LLCD on Lunar Atmosphere and Dust

Environment Explorer (LADEE)

LLCD Space Terminal Integrated with

LADEE Spacecraft

LLCD Ground Terminal

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Rapid Capability Development Approach

Concept

Engineering

“Skunk Works”

Prototyping

Development Production

Operations

Technology

PM

Dec

Deploy

Dec

MS

C

• Short spec

• Development

• Testing

• Intel review

• Operational needs

• Lean Red Team

• Lean Blue Team

LRIP FRP

• Training

• Sustainment

• Technology “push” investment

• Technology maturation

• Phenomenology measurements

Accept

Dec

PM – Program Manager

LRIP – Low-Rate Initial Production

FRP – Full Rate Production

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Examples of Systems Developed through Rapid Development Approach

Constant Hawk Camera Upgrades and

Ground Processing

JCREW Jammers

Radiant Falcon Counter IED Sensing

Platform

Advanced Air Force Jamming

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MIT Lincoln Laboratory Beaver WorksJoint Center with MIT School of Engineering

Continuing to scale up Beaver Works opportunities to impact “Service to the Nation and World”

– Providing exceptional high-impact project-based learning opportunities and significant sponsor value

– LL - Aero/Astro Beaver Works extension completed (Building 31, ~4,000 sqft, Summer 2018 opening)

Beaver Works Capstone Projects

CEE (Civil and Environmental Engineering)

Assistive Technology Hackathon

(Feb 2015, Feb 2016, March 2017)

Lincoln IAP Courses

(2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)

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Air Launched Micro UAV

• Deployed at 30,000 ft

– Standard chaff / flare canister

• ~30 min powered flight

– 25 to 35 m/s speed

• Custom avionics board

– Integrated GPS / INS

– Multi-band communications

• Open architecture payloads

“Perdix” Micro UAV System Key Operating Parameters

• Collaborative development of novel miniature air launched UAV system

– High altitude / high speed platform with ~30 min endurance

Development and Flight Test

• Initial design as Beaver Works Capstone(Course 16.82 in 2010/2011)

• Continued collaborative development

with Beaver Works and MIT Aero/Astro Dept.

Deployment

canister

Folded

wings

11.75” deployed wingspan, 270 grams

Autonomous flight systems

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Water-based Unmanned Air Vehicle

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Objectives

• Have “Warfighter” input early in the development process

• Educate active duty officers on Lincoln Laboratory and its capabilities

• Expose Lincoln Staff to active duty officers

• Educate the next generation of senior and junior military officers

• Expose Service Academy Midshipmen/Cadets to world class research

Active Duty

Military Fellows (42) for 2017 - 2018

Lincoln Laboratory Military Fellows Program

Service Academy Interns (76)

Summer of 2018

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High-level Industrial Base Model

Production inIndustrial Base

System Concept Development

Research and TechnologyDevelopment

Prototyping and Demonstration

Operations

Supply Chain

Risk taking

Sustained Investment

Rapid Development

and Transition

Operational Overlap

• Much innovation and new technology needed to sustain U.S.

defense advantages

• Stronger operational involvement needed in all areas