communication and personal identity chapter 2. the self the self: a multidimensional process of...
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Communication and Personal Identity
ChapterChapter 22
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The Self
• The self:
A multidimensional process of internalizing and acting from social perspectives
Arises in communication with others– Perspective of particular others– Perspective of the generalized other
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Particular Others
• Particular others are specific people who are significant to us
Direct definition Reflected appraisal
– Self-fulfilling prophecies
Identity scripts Attachment styles
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Attachment Styles
• Patterns of caregiving that teach us who we and others are and how to approach relationships Secure Fearful Dismissive Anxious/ambivalent
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The Generalized Other
• The views generally held by others in society
Race Gender Sexual orientation Socioeconomic class
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How Are Perspectives of the Generalized Other Revealed to Us?
• We learn them as we interact with others, who have internalized cultural values and pass them on to us
• We learn them through media and institutions that reflect cultural values
• The institutions that organize our society communicate them by the values they uphold
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Other Perspectives of Self
• The self is multidimensional
• The self is a process
• Social perspectives are subject to change Socially constructed views Variable social views
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Guidelines for Improving Self-Concept
• Make a firm commitment to personal growth
• Gain and use knowledge to support personal growth
You need to understand how your self-concept is formed
You need information about yourself– Self-disclosure
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Johari Window
Johari Window:
• Open area
• Blind area
• Hidden area
• Unknown area
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Guidelines for Improving Self-Concept
• Set goals that are realistic and fair
• Seek contexts that support personal change Avoid self-sabotage