communication and culture - sc department of mental health · communication language speech writing...
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Communication and Culture Communication and Culture
Deaf Services Program - SCDMH Deaf Services Program - SCDMH
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Communication
Language
Speech
Writing
Signing
Paralanguage
Kinesics
Tone and character of voice/hands
Proxemics
Clothing, makeup, etc
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Perspective Definition
Topical: Culture consists of everything on a list of topics, or categories, such as
social organization, religion, or economy
Historical: Culture is social heritage, or tradition, that is passed on to future
generations
Behavioral: Culture is shared, learned human behavior, a way of life
Normative: Culture is ideals, values, or rules for living
Functional: Culture is the way humans solve problems of adapting to the
environment or living together
Mental: Culture is a complex of ideas, or learned habits, that inhibit impulses
and distinguish people from animals
Structural: Culture consists of patterned and interrelated ideas, symbols, or
behaviors
Symbolic: Culture is based on arbitrarily assigned meanings that are shared by a
society
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Language
• Choice of language
– Dialect
– Accent
– Pidgin/Creole
• Speech
• Signing
• Writing
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Paralanguage
• Kinesics
– Body Language
• Tone and character of voice/hands
– Register
• Proxemics
– Distance between speaker
• Clothing, makeup, etc
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Meaning per morpheme
Number of morphemes
Number of users
Frozen
Formal
Consultative
Casual
Intimate
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High/Low Context Cultures
High-context cultures
• Long-lasting
relationships
• Exploiting context
• Spoken agreements
• Insiders and outsiders
clearly distinguished
• Cultural patterns
ingrained, slow change
Low-context cultures
• Shorter relationships
• Less dependent on
context
• Written agreements
• Insiders and outsiders
less clearly
distinguished
• Cultural patterns change
faster
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High and Low Context Cultures
Factors / Dimensions
High Context
Low Context
Lawyers
A person’s word
Responsibility for organizational error
Negotiations
Less important
Is his or her bond
Taken by top level
Lengthy
Very important
Get it in writing
Pushed to lowest level
Proceed quickly
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Perception
• Perception is selective.
• Perceptual patterns are learned.
• Perception is culturally determined.
• Perception tends to remain constant.
• We therefore see things that do not exist,
and do not see things that do exist.
• We perceive what we expect to perceive.
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Count the F’s
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS
OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH
THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS
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How many did you see?
Native speakers of English often see only
three F’s while non-native speakers see six.
Native speakers tend to overlook the F’s in
the word “of”.
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Stereotypes
• Consciously held.
• Descriptive rather than evaluative.
• Accurate.
• The first best guess.
• Modified
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References
• Hall, E. T. (1976). Beyond Culture. Garden City, NY: Anchor
Press/Doubleday and Company.
• L. A. Samovar and R.E. Porter, eds. (1976). Intercultural
Communication: A Reader. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
Publishing Company.
• Adler, N.J. (1991). International Dimensions of
Organizational Behavior (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: PWS-KENT
Publishing Company. pp. 63-91.
• Bodley, J. (1994). Cultural Anthropology: Tribes, States, and
the Global System. Mountain View, California: Mayfield
Publishing Co.
• Mezzich, J. E. (1996). Culture and psychiatric diagnosis : a
DSM-IV perspective (1st ed.). Washington, DC: American
Psychiatric Press.