common injuries of the wrist and hand. wrist and hand anatomy the hand including the wrist consists...
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Wrist and Hand Anatomy
The hand including the wrist consists of 27 bones
8 carpals make up the wrist
5 metacarpals form the structure of the hand
14 Phalanges are the bones of the fingers
Wrist and Hand Anatomy
8 muscles create movement at the wrist
3 Muscles move the hand8 muscles move the thumb9 muscles move the fingers
Did you know…
Injury to the thumb ligament is one of the more common skiing injuries. It ranks second only to knee sprains.
Fractures of the Wrist and Hand
Finger fractures- can involve any of the three phalanges (bones) in each finger (two in the thumb) Most finger fractures can be treated with a finger
splint, but if the fracture is severe may be necessary to use pins, wires or screws
Boxers fracture – break in the 5 metacarpal leading to the little finger Often the result of slamming a clenched first against a
solid object
Fractures of the Wrist and Hand
Baseball Finger- an injury to the finger resulting from tearing of the finger tendon and damage to the cartilage Occurs when a ball or other object strikes the tip of the
finger bending it beyond its normal range of motion
Scaphoid fracture – a break in the scaphoid bone in the thumb The most commonly fractured bone in athletics – often
occurs from falling onto an outstretched hand
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendons caused by overuse or repetitive stress
deQuervains Tenosynovitis- tendonitis originating at the base of the thumb
Tendonitis – Signs and Symptoms
Ache or pain at the wrist
Worsens with forceful gripping, rapid wrist movements or moving the wrist and fingers to an extreme position
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Carpal Tunnel is a passageway that runs from the forearm through the wrist, the median nerve runs through here
Median nerve – supplies feeling to the thumb, index and ring fingers
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – an inflammatory disorder caused by irritation of the tissues and nerves around the median nerve
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Women are three times more likely than men to get carpal tunnel syndrome
Certain conditions can increase your risk: Diabetes Gout Hypothyroidism Rheumatoid arthritis Pregnancy Sprain or fracture of the wrist
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – Signs and Symptoms
Pain, numbness and tingling in the wrist, hand and fingers
May experience sense of weakness and develop a tendency to drop things
May have trouble fastening buttons
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – Signs and Symptoms
May feel that hands are swollen even though there are no visible signs of swelling
May lose a sense of heat and cold
Symptoms occur both when the hand is being used and when at rest
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Treatment
Affected hand and wrist should be rested for at least 2 weeks
Wear a wrist splint or brace to keep the wrist from bending
Ice massage or ice bath
Strengthening exercises
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - Treatment
If carpal tunnel syndrome is left untreated the muscles on the thumb side of the hand can atrophy (shrink and waste away)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
A disorder that causes inflammation of the lining of the joints.
The body is mistakenly attacked by its own immune system.
It is a chronic disorder that can worsen over time and may never go away.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Affects about 1% of the US population
Usually occurs between the ages of 30 and 60, but can also affect younger and older individuals.
Occurs three times more often in women than men.
Cigarette smoking and family history increase the likelihood of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Signs and Symptoms
Pain, warmth and swelling at the joint
Joint pain usually occurs on both sides of the body at the same time.
Joint stiffness that usually occurs in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Ongoing fatigue and low grade fever.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Signs and Symptoms
Inflammation of the lining of the joints can destroy cartilage and bone which can cause deformity of the joints.
As the condition progresses joints can develop considerable pain and loss of function.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
The most common type of arthritis in kids.
Causes joint inflammation, stiffness and damage
Can affect a child’s growth.
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Treatment
There is no known cure for rheumatoid arthritis. Goal of treatment is to reduce inflammation and pain.
Moist heat, paraffin bath, acupuncture and regular exercise (avoid high impact activities) have been shown to help with symptoms related to rheumatoid arthritis.
Wrist and Hand Strengthening Exercises
Squeeze a stress ball Firmly squeeze the ball 20 times rest for
30 – 45 seconds and repeat
Wrist Stretch Extend hand away from the body Pull fingers towards the ground Hold the stretch for 20-30 seconds
Wrist and Hand Strengthening Exercises
Wrist Flexion Hold a dumbbell and bring arm over the
edge of a table with palm towards ceiling Bring hand up towards ceiling and lower
back down – repeat 15-20 times
Wrist Extension Hold a dumbbell and bring arm over the
edge of a table with palm towards floor Bring hand up towards ceiling and lower
back down – repeat 15-20 times
Preventing Overuse Injuries
Read the following article (click on hyperlink) Write a 300 word summary of the article (can be
written or typed Create 3 questions for a class discussion (print a
copy of the article if you want to refer to it during the class discussion)
Preventing Overuse Injuries