common household accidents
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is an immediate care givento a person who has beeninjured or suddenly taken ill.It includes self-help andhome care if medicalassistance is delayed.
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Wound: An abnormal break in the tissues
of the skin or in the underlyingsurfaces.
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Classifications of Wound:
1. Open Wound allows blood and other fluids to
be lost from the body and germsto enter.
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Cont: Classifications of Wound. 2. Closed Wound bleeding is purely
internal. This is easily recognized bybruising, which indicates damage toblood vessels just beneath the skin.
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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT FOR
CLOSED WOUND:I C E S
I ice applicationC compression
E elevation
S splinting
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Types of Open WoundPuncture wound- a wound with small entry site,
but a deep track of internaldamage.
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Cont: Types of Open Wound. Abrasion (graze)- a superficial wound in which the toplayers of the skin are scraped off;leaving a raw, tender area.
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Cont: Types of Open Wound.
Laceration a crushing or ripping forces
result in rough tears orlacerations.
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Cont: Types of Open Wound. Avulsion- a forceful tearing away or
separation of tissues from thecasualtys body.
http://www.trauma.org/index.php/main/image/561/C13 -
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Cont. types of Open Wound:
Incision a clean cut from a sharp edge,
such as broken glass, thatcauses an incision.
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FIRST AID MANAGEMENT FOR OPEN WOUNDSA. Wounds with severe bleeding: 4Cs
1. Control bleeding by direct pressure.
2. Cover wound with dressing and bandage.
3. Care for shock.
4. Consult or refer to physician.
B. Wounds with bleeding not severe (home care)
1. Clean the wound with soap and water.2. Apply antiseptic solution like Betadine.
3. May or may not cover the wound with dressing.
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injury involving the skin, including
muscles, bones, nerves and bloodvessels. This results from heat,chemical or radiation.
B u r n s
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DepthSuperficial (first degreeburns) least severe and
it involves only the toplayer of the skin. Partial thickness(second degree burn) involves the epidermisand some portion of thedermis.Full thickness (thirddegree burn) extends
through all layers andmay involvesubcutaneous layers,muscle, bone, or internal
organs.
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Care for thermal burns
Superficial and partial thicknessburns immediately immerse theburned area in cool water then coverwith dry, non-sticking sterile dressing.Full thickness burns cover the
area with dry, non-sticking steriledressing or clean cloth then treatvictim for shock.
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Chemical burnsManagement:
Immediately remove the chemical byflushing with water.Remove the victims contaminated
clothing.Cover burned area with a dry
dressing.If chemical is in the eyes, flush with
water for 20 minutes with low pressure.Seek medical help.
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Electrical burns Management: Make sure the area is safe.
Unplug, disconnect or turn off the
power.Check victims ABCs then provideAR or CPR if necessary.
If victim fell, check for spinal injury.Care for shock.
Seek medical help.
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Nose bleeds2 types of nose bleed1. anterior (front of nose) 90%2. posterior (back of nose) involves massive bleeding. It is
serious and requires medical attention.
Management: Keep the victim in a sitting-up position.Tilt the head forwardPinch the noseApply ice pack over the nose
Seek medical attention for the follow ing:Bleeding persists
You suspect a posterior b leedingVictim has a high blood pressure or is taking
anticoagulants (blood thinners) or large doses of aspirin.
Bleeding happens after a blow to the nose,and you suspect a broken nose.
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Poison any substancethat can cause severedistress or death if
ingested, breathed in, orabsorbed through theskin. Different personshave different reactions topoison.
Causes:
Common in suicideattempts
Occasional accidentalpoisoning
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d f d
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First Aid for ingested poisoning: Try to identify the poison seek information
from the victim or bystanders and look forcues.
Call the Poison Control Center (PCC) ornearest physician for advise.
Do not cause the person to vomit until youhave check with the PCC.
Do not use any universal antidote.If patient vomits, save any vomitus.Do not give unconscious victim anything by
mouth.Position patient on left side and maintain
open airway.If you suspect poisoning emergency, do not
wait for signs and symptoms to develop,bring to the nearest hospital.
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Preventive measures ofpoisoning:
Keep all drugs and harmfulchemicals locked-up away from
childrens reach. Never take medicine in the dark.When taking medicine, read the
label three times.Dispose expired and other unused
medications.
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