commercial uses of cells
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Commercial uses of cells. Intermediate 2 Biology Unit 1: Living Cells. Learning Objectives. To revise knowledge on cell variety and cell structure Revise the function of nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Commercial uses of cells
Intermediate 2 BiologyUnit 1: Living Cells
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Learning Objectives• To revise knowledge on cell variety and cell
structure• Revise the function of nucleus, cytoplasm,
cell membrane, cell wall, chloroplasts and vacuole.
• To revise anaerobic respiration / fermentation in yeast
• Revise the use of fungi to make antibiotics• Revise yoghurt production• Revise biogas and gasohol production
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Cell Structure and Function• Why is the cell described as the basic unit of
life?• Name three structural features that a typical
plant cell and a typical animal cell have in common.
• Name three structural features present in an Elodea leaf cell but absent from a cheek epithelial cell.
• Give the function of each of the following structures: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus.
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Commercial and Industrial Uses of Cells• Give the word equations for aerobic and anaerobic
respiration in yeast.• Describe the role of carbon dioxide in bread making• Write a simple word equation to summarise the process
of malting in barley grains about to be used in the brewing of beer.
• Copy the following sentences choosing the correct answer from each choice in brackets:– During the production of yoghurt, (bacteria/yeast)
respire (aerobically/anaerobically) and convert (maltose/lactose) to (lactic acid/alcohol). This chemical brings about the coagulation of milk (proteins/sugars) and acts as (an antibiotic/a preservative).
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Commercial use of Micro-organisms
• Microbes used commercially and in industry are:– Fungi • bread making, brewing, gasohol
(alternative fuel) and antibiotics– Bacteria • yoghurt production and biogas
(methane gas)
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GASOHOL AND YEAST• Alcohol and Gasohol are renewable fuels.• Alcohol is produced in fermentation• When yeast ferments sugar, alcohol is
produced, but in small amounts. • The alcohol can be separated from the
fermentation mixture by distillation. Alcohol is flammable and can be used as a fuel.
• If Alcohol is mixed with petrol it produces gasohol
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Gasohol Production
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BIOGAS AND BACTERIA• Some bacteria produce methane
gas in conditions where oxygen concentrations are low.
• This gas is rich in chemical energy and can be burned. This is biogas.
• Biogas can be produced from organic waste and is a gas produced by decaying rubbish
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Biogas Production
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Commercial and Industrial uses of cells – YEAST SUMMARY
• Bread making– anaerobic respiration in yeast produces
carbon dioxide which makes the dough rise.• Alcohol production – fermentation (anaerobic respiration) in yeast
produces alcohol. The sugar comes from malted barley or fruit.
• Alternative fuels– When alcohol is mixed with petrol it is
gasohol
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Commercial and Industrial uses of cells – BACTERIA SUMMARY
• Yogurt production – bacteria convert the sugar (lactose) in
milk into lactic acid. The lactic acid causes the milk to thicken and curdle.
• Alternative fuels – Bacteria ferment (anaerobic respiration
waste products and produce methane gas.
– This is called Biogas
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5 Mark QuestionsLabelled diagrams may be included where appropriate.
• Describe how cells are used in the production of yoghurt and alternative fuel. Include in your answer for both, the type of cell used, the substrates and the products.( Int 2 2005)
• Describe the function of yeast in bread making and the anaerobic pathway of respiration involved in this process. (Int 2 2008)
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Question – 5 marks• The diagram below
shows a container used for home wine production.
• Describe the anaerobic pathway of respiration which results in wine production in this container.