Commercial Cargo Resupply Service: Supporting the International Space Station October 7, 2015 Frank L. Culbertson, Jr. President Space Systems Group

This document does not contain technical data as defined in the ITAR, 22 CFR 120.10.

The Commercial Model

In 2005, NASA was charged with the task of “stimulating commercial enterprise in space by asking American entrepreneurs to provide innovative, cost-effective commercial cargo and crew transportation services to the International Space Station”

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From 2006 to 2013, under the Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program, NASA acted as both an investor and advisor Under this Program and in less than 5 years, Orbital

ATK developed and flew the “Antares” medium class rocket and the “Cygnus” advanced maneuvering space vehicle, designed to meet the stringent safety requirements for International Space Station operations.

Commercial Services were then provided under

NASA’s follow-on Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) contract

Commercial Space Today: Cargo Resupply Mission to ISS

Antares Fueling at Pad 0A

Antares Liftoff

Cygnus Rendezvous With ISS

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Cargo Services Provided to the ISS

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Cargo Up

Cargo Down

Cygnus Delivers for NASA!

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Demo Mission – Fully Successful 700kg Delivered 1000kg Taken Away

Orb-1 Mission – Fully Successful 1465kg Delivered 1461kg Taken Away

Orb-2 Mission – Fully Successful 1664kg Delivered 1650kg Taken Away

Orb-3 Mission – Loss of Mission 2290kg Was Manifested

In three missions, Cygnus has delivered more than 8360 lbs of pressurized cargo

CRS Return To Flight Planning

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Orbital ATK Is Implementing a Return to Flight Plan That Delivers Cargo to the ISS by December 2015

The Orbital ATK Plan: Return Antares to Flight in early 2016 Using New, In-

production RD-181 Engines Purchase Launch Services from Atlas V to Launch

Cygnus during the Antares Down-time

Cygnus was designed to be compatible with multiple launch vehicles

Integration with Atlas V going very smoothly and scheduled to launch in early December 2015

Updated Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) configuration of internal structure allows for higher cargo loads Approximately 3500 kg manifested on OA-4

OA-4 Preparations Underway – Pressurized Cargo Module at KSC

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Ready to Continue Commercial Cargo Services to the ISS

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ISS Enables Commercialization in LEO With the extension of the ISS to 2024, NASA has at least 9 more years to accomplish

its goal to enable: The development of a commercial market for human spaceflight in LEO Human spaceflight beyond LEO through technology/systems demonstrations

NASA, FAA and other Government agencies need to take steps now to promote, protect and establish commercial activities in LEO Legislation and Policies Simplification of ITAR requirements Funding Protection of Intellectual Property generated from Commercial Activities Developing agreements for commercial transportation and

the use of NASA astronauts supporting commercial operations

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Orbital ATK’s Roadmap for ISS Commercialization

Increased commercial transportation services for commercial ISS experiments using Cygnus. This augments NASA and National Lab ISS Utilization.

Augmentation of ISS Laboratory equipment with commercially owned and operated

equipment

Augmentation of the ISS with a complete commercial module for specialized experimentation

Free Flyer Commercial Module Independent of ISS

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Possible Long Term Future for ISS Commercialization

ISS could transition from a Government operated facility to a Government owned – contractor operated facility

Commercial Contractors (Domestic and potentially international) would operate the ISS

NASA would have access to the ISS for specific activities performed by their astronauts

All transportation and resupply would be managed by the commercial operator A large subset of the total research conducted on the ISS would be performed by commercial

astronauts

Enhancement or Replacement of ISS elements could use commercially developed and manufactured habitation modules

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Summary NASA can help invigorate the commercial LEO market through –

Restructuring of requirements to accommodate commercial utilization Streamlining of processes (i.e. safety process) Funding opportunities to prime the commercialization pump

− Anchor tenant − COTS model

Accommodate commercial utilization outside of National Lab − Opens new markets

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Large Scale Commercial Utilization still waiting on the “killer app”

Use of commercial practices and contracting approaches is the most cost effective way to provide services in space

COTS model can be applied to other NASA activities beyond LEO

Commercial Approach Can Also be Applied From ISS to Mars and Everywhere In-Between

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Inflatable Structure

Demo

Satellite Servicing

Asteroid Mission

Free-Flyer Rendezvous & Docking

Demo

Life Support Demo

HIAD Entry Demo

Space Tug

ISS Test bed

ISS Resupply Mission

Free Flyer Lab

ISS Lab/Prop Module

Exploration Subsystem

Testing

Deep Space Habitat

Lunar Logistics Resupply Mission

Deep Space Radiation

Shield Demo

Mars Logistics Resupply Mission