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Table of Contents

3 Commercial and Industrial Measures12

3.1 Lighting12

3.1.1 Lighting Improvements12

3.1.2 New Construction Lighting26

3.1.3 Lighting Controls36

3.1.4 LED Exit Signs39

3.1.5 LED Channel Signage42

3.1.6 LED Refrigeration Display Case Lighting45

3.1.7 Lighting Improvements for Midstream Delivery Programs47

3.2 HVAC55

3.2.1 HVAC Systems55

3.2.2 Electric Chillers64

3.2.3 Water Source and Geothermal Heat Pumps69

3.2.4 Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps – Commercial < 5.4 tons78

3.2.5 Fuel Switching: Small Commercial Electric Heat to Natural gas / Propane / Oil Heat82

3.2.6 Small C&I HVAC Refrigerant Charge Correction86

3.2.7 ENERGY STAR Room Air Conditioner91

3.2.8 Controls: Guest Room Occupancy Sensor95

3.2.9 Controls: Economizer98

3.2.10 Computer Room Air Conditioner101

3.2.11 Computer Room Air Conditioner/Handler Electronically Commutated Plug Fans105

3.2.12 Computer Room Air Conditioner/Handler VSD on AC Fan Motors108

3.2.13 Circulation Fan: High-Volume Low-Speed111

3.3 Motors and VFDs115

3.3.1 Premium Efficiency Motors115

3.3.2 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Improvements126

3.3.3 ECM Circulating Fan130

3.3.4 VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fan134

3.3.5 ECM Circulator Pump136

3.3.6 High Efficiency Pumps140

3.4 Domestic Hot Water143

3.4.1 Heat Pump Water Heaters143

3.4.2 Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers for Retrofit Programs and Time of Sale Programs149

3.4.3 Fuel Switching: Electric Resistance Water Heaters to Gas/Propane153

3.5 Refrigeration157

3.5.1 ENERGY STAR Refrigeration/Freezer Cases157

3.5.2 High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors for Walk-In or Reach-In Refrigerated Cases159

3.5.3 Controls: Evaporator Fan Controllers162

3.5.4 Controls: Floating Head Pressure Controls165

3.5.5 Controls: Anti-Sweat Heater Controls169

3.5.6 Controls: Evaporator Coil Defrost Control172

3.5.7 Variable Speed Refrigeration Compressor174

3.5.8 Strip Curtains for Walk-In Freezers and Coolers177

3.5.9 Night Covers for Display Cases180

3.5.10 Auto Closers182

3.5.11 Door Gaskets for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers184

3.5.12 Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat for Reach-In Freezers and Coolers186

3.5.13 Suction Pipe Insulation for Walk-In Coolers and Freezers188

3.5.14 Refrigerated Display Cases with Doors Replacing Open Cases190

3.5.15 Adding Doors to Existing Refrigerated Display Cases192

3.5.16 Air-Cooled Refrigeration Condenser194

3.5.17 Refrigerated Case Light Occupancy Sensors196

3.5.18 Refrigeration Economizers198

3.6 Appliances202

3.6.1 ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer202

3.6.2 ENERGY STAR Bathroom Ventilation Fan in Commercial Applications209

3.7 Food Service Equipment212

3.7.1 ENERGY STAR Ice Machines212

3.7.2 Controls: Beverage Machine Controls216

3.7.3 Controls: Snack Machine Controls219

3.7.4 ENERGY STAR Electric Steam Cooker221

3.7.5 ENERGY STAR Combination Oven225

3.7.6 ENERGY STAR Commercial Convection Oven229

3.7.7 ENERGY STAR Commercial Fryer232

3.7.8 ENERGY STAR Commercial Hot Food Holding Cabinet235

3.7.9 ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwasher238

3.7.10 ENERGY STAR Commercial Griddle242

3.8 Building Shell245

3.8.1 Wall and Ceiling Insulation245

3.9 Consumer Electronics248

3.9.1 ENERGY STAR Office Equipment248

3.9.2 Office Equipment – Network Power Management Enabling254

3.9.3 Advanced Power Strips257

3.9.4 ENERGY STAR Servers260

3.9.5 Server Virtualization264

3.10 Compressed Air268

3.10.1 Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryer268

3.10.2 Air-Entraining Air Nozzle271

3.10.3 No-Loss Condensate Drains275

3.10.4 Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors280

3.10.5 Variable-Speed Drive Air Compressor283

3.10.6 Compressed Air Controller286

3.10.7 Compressed Air Low Pressure Drop Filters289

3.10.8 Compressed Air Mist Eliminators292

3.11 Miscellaneous296

3.11.1 High Efficiency Transformer296

3.11.2 Engine Block Heat Timer299

3.11.3 High Frequency Battery Chargers301

3.12 Demand Response305

3.12.1 Load Curtailment for Commercial and Industrial Programs305

4 Agricultural Measures308

4.1 Agricultural308

4.1.1 Automatic Milker Takeoffs308

4.1.2 Dairy Scroll Compressors310

4.1.3 High Efficiency Ventilation Fans with and without Thermostats313

4.1.4 Heat Reclaimers317

4.1.5 High Volume Low Speed Fans320

4.1.6 Livestock Waterer322

4.1.7 Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pumps324

4.1.8 Low Pressure Irrigation System328

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434401" 3 Commercial and Industrial Measures PAGEREF _Toc535434401 \h 14

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434402" 3.1 Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434402 \h 14

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434403" 3.1.1 Lighting Improvements PAGEREF _Toc535434403 \h 14

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434404" 3.1.2 New Construction Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434404 \h 24

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434405" 3.1.3 Lighting Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434405 \h 36

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434406" 3.1.4 Traffic Lights PAGEREF _Toc535434406 \h 39

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434407" 3.1.5 LED Exit Signs PAGEREF _Toc535434407 \h 42

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434408" 3.1.6 LED Channel Signage PAGEREF _Toc535434408 \h 45

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434409" 3.1.7 LED Refrigeration Display Case Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434409 \h 48

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434410" 3.2 HVAC PAGEREF _Toc535434410 \h 51

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434411" 3.2.1 HVAC Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434411 \h 51

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434412" 3.2.2 Electric Chillers PAGEREF _Toc535434412 \h 61

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434413" 3.2.3 Water Source and Geothermal Heat Pumps PAGEREF _Toc535434413 \h 66

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434414" 3.2.4 Ductless Mini-Split Heat Pumps – Commercial < 5.4 tons PAGEREF _Toc535434414 \h 77

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434415" 3.2.5 Fuel Switching: Small Commercial Electric Heat to Natural gas / Propane / Oil Heat PAGEREF _Toc535434415 \h 82

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434416" 3.2.6 Small C/I HVAC Refrigerant Charge Correction PAGEREF _Toc535434416 \h 87

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434417" 3.2.7 ENERGY STAR Room Air Conditioner PAGEREF _Toc535434417 \h 94

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434418" 3.2.8 Controls: Guest Room Occupancy Sensor PAGEREF _Toc535434418 \h 98

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434419" 3.2.9 Controls: Economizer PAGEREF _Toc535434419 \h 102

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434420" 3.3 Motors and VFDs PAGEREF _Toc535434420 \h 107

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434421" 3.3.1 Premium Efficiency Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434421 \h 107

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434422" 3.3.2 Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) Improvements PAGEREF _Toc535434422 \h 124

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434423" 3.3.3 ECM Circulating Fan PAGEREF _Toc535434423 \h 127

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434424" 3.3.4 VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fan PAGEREF _Toc535434424 \h 133

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434425" 3.4 Domestic Hot Water PAGEREF _Toc535434425 \h 135

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434426" 3.4.1 Heat Pump Water Heaters PAGEREF _Toc535434426 \h 135

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434427" 3.4.2 Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers for Retrofit Programs PAGEREF _Toc535434427 \h 144

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434428" 3.4.3 Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers for Time of Sale / Retail Programs PAGEREF _Toc535434428 \h 149

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434429" 3.4.4 Fuel Switching: Electric Resistance Water Heaters to Gas / Oil / Propane PAGEREF _Toc535434429 \h 154

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434430" 3.4.5 Fuel Switching: Heat Pump Water Heaters to Gas / Oil / Propane PAGEREF _Toc535434430 \h 160

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434431" 3.5 Refrigeration PAGEREF _Toc535434431 \h 169

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434432" 3.5.1 High-Efficiency Refrigeration/Freezer Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434432 \h 169

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434433" 3.5.2 High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors for Reach-In Refrigerated Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434433 \h 173

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434434" 3.5.3 High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors for Walk-in Refrigerated Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434434 \h 177

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434435" 3.5.4 Controls: Evaporator Fan Controllers PAGEREF _Toc535434435 \h 182

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434436" 3.5.5 Controls: Floating Head Pressure Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434436 \h 185

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434437" 3.5.6 Controls: Anti-Sweat Heater Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434437 \h 189

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434438" 3.5.7 Controls: Evaporator Coil Defrost Control PAGEREF _Toc535434438 \h 193

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434439" 3.5.8 Variable Speed Refrigeration Compressor PAGEREF _Toc535434439 \h 196

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434440" 3.5.9 Strip Curtains for Walk-In Freezers and Coolers PAGEREF _Toc535434440 \h 198

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434441" 3.5.10 Night Covers for Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434441 \h 208

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434442" 3.5.11 Auto Closers PAGEREF _Toc535434442 \h 211

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434443" 3.5.12 Door Gaskets for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers PAGEREF _Toc535434443 \h 214

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434444" 3.5.13 Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat for Low Temp Case PAGEREF _Toc535434444 \h 216

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434445" 3.5.14 Suction Pipe Insulation for Walk-In Coolers and Freezers PAGEREF _Toc535434445 \h 219

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434446" 3.5.15 Refrigerated Display Cases with Doors Replacing Open Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434446 \h 221

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434447" 3.5.16 Adding Doors to Existing Refrigerated Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434447 \h 223

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434448" 3.6 Appliances PAGEREF _Toc535434448 \h 225

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434449" 3.6.1 ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer PAGEREF _Toc535434449 \h 225

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434450" 3.7 Food Service Equipment PAGEREF _Toc535434450 \h 233

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434451" 3.7.1 High-Efficiency Ice Machines PAGEREF _Toc535434451 \h 233

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434452" 3.7.2 Controls: Beverage Machine Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434452 \h 238

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434453" 3.7.3 Controls: Snack Machine Controls PAGEREF _Toc535434453 \h 241

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434454" 3.7.4 ENERGY STAR Electric Steam Cooker PAGEREF _Toc535434454 \h 243

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434455" 3.7.5 ENERGY STAR Refrigerated Beverage Machine PAGEREF _Toc535434455 \h 248

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434456" 3.8 Building Shell PAGEREF _Toc535434456 \h 251

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434457" 3.8.1 Wall and Ceiling Insulation PAGEREF _Toc535434457 \h 251

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434458" 3.9 Consumer Electronics PAGEREF _Toc535434458 \h 256

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434459" 3.9.1 ENERGY STAR Office Equipment PAGEREF _Toc535434459 \h 256

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434460" 3.9.2 Office Equipment – Network Power Management Enabling PAGEREF _Toc535434460 \h 261

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434461" 3.9.3 Smart Strip Plug Outlets PAGEREF _Toc535434461 \h 264

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434462" 3.10 Compressed Air PAGEREF _Toc535434462 \h 266

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434463" 3.10.1 Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryer PAGEREF _Toc535434463 \h 266

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434464" 3.10.2 Air-Entraining Air Nozzle PAGEREF _Toc535434464 \h 269

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434465" 3.10.3 No-Loss Condensate Drains PAGEREF _Toc535434465 \h 273

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434466" 3.10.4 Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434466 \h 278

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434467" 3.11 Miscellaneous PAGEREF _Toc535434467 \h 281

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434468" 3.11.1 ENERGY STAR Servers PAGEREF _Toc535434468 \h 281

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434469" 4 Agricultural Measures PAGEREF _Toc535434469 \h 286

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434470" 4.1 Agricultural PAGEREF _Toc535434470 \h 286

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434471" 4.1.1 Automatic Milker Takeoffs PAGEREF _Toc535434471 \h 286

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434472" 4.1.2 Dairy Scroll Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434472 \h 289

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434473" 4.1.3 High Efficiency Ventilation Fans with and without Thermostats PAGEREF _Toc535434473 \h 292

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434474" 4.1.4 Heat Reclaimers PAGEREF _Toc535434474 \h 296

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434475" 4.1.5 High Volume Low Speed Fans PAGEREF _Toc535434475 \h 299

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434476" 4.1.6 Livestock Waterer PAGEREF _Toc535434476 \h 302

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434477" 4.1.7 Variable Speed Drive (VSD) Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pumps PAGEREF _Toc535434477 \h 305

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434478" 4.1.8 Low Pressure Irrigation System PAGEREF _Toc535434478 \h 309

List of Figures

Figure 31: Dependence of COP on Outdoor Wet Bulb Temperature145

Figure 32: Utilization factor for a sample week in July204

Figure 41: Typical Dairy Vacuum Pump Coincident Peak Demand Reduction325

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434479" Figure 31: Load shapes for hot water in four commercial building types PAGEREF _Toc535434479 \h 137

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434480" Figure 32: Energy to demand factors for four commercial building types PAGEREF _Toc535434480 \h 137

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434481" Figure 33: Dependence of COP on Outdoor Wetbulb Temperature PAGEREF _Toc535434481 \h 139


HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434483" Figure 35: Energy to demand factors for four commercial building types. PAGEREF _Toc535434483 \h 145


HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434485" Figure 37: Energy to demand factors for four commercial building types. PAGEREF _Toc535434485 \h 151

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434486" Figure 38: Load Shapes for Hot Water in Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434486 \h 156

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434487" Figure 39: Energy to Demand Factors for Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434487 \h 156

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434488" Figure 310: Load Shapes for Hot Water in Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434488 \h 162

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434489" Figure 311: Energy to Demand Factors for Four Commercial Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434489 \h 162

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434490" Figure 312: Dependence of COP on Outdoor Wetbulb Temperature PAGEREF _Toc535434490 \h 164

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434491" Figure 313: Utilization factor for a sample week in July PAGEREF _Toc535434491 \h 227

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434492" Figure 41: Typical Dairy Vacuum Pump Coincident Peak Demand Reduction PAGEREF _Toc535434492 \h 306

List of Tables

Table 31: Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixtures for Removed T-12 Fixtures13

Table 32: Assumed Generic GSL Baseline Lamps/Fixtures for Removed Incandescent Lamps/Fixtures14

Table 33: Terms, Values, and References for Lighting Improvements17

Table 34: Savings Control Factors Assumptions18

Table 35: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Screw-Based Bulbs19

Table 36: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Other General Service Lighting20

Table 37: Street lighting HOU by EDC21

Table 38: Interactive Factors for All Bulb Types21

Table 39: Interactive Factors for Comfort Cooled Spaces for All Building Types21

Table 310: Connected Load of the Baseline Lighting22

Table 311: Terms, Values, and References for New Construction Lighting27

Table 312: Lighting Power Densities from IECC 2015 Building Area Method Source 228

Table 313: Lighting Power Densities from IECC 2015 Space-by-Space Method Source 228

Table 314: Baseline Exterior Lighting Power Densities Source 231

Table 315: Default Baseline Savings Control Factors Assumptions for New Construction Only32

Table 316: Terms, Values, and References for Lighting Controls37

Table 317: Terms, Values, and References for LED Exit Signs40

Table 318: Terms, Values, and References for LED Channel Signage43

Table 319: Terms, Values, and References for LED Refrigeration Case Lighting46

Table 320: Terms, Values, and References for Lighting Improvements for Midstream Delivery Programs48

Table 321: Baseline Wattage, Omnidirectional Lamps49

Table 322: Baseline Wattage, Decorative Lamps49

Table 323: Baseline Wattage, Directional Lamps50

Table 324: Baseline Wattage, Linear Lamps & Fixtures, HID Interior and Exterior Fixtures51

Table 325: Terms, Values, and References for HVAC Systems56

Table 326: HVAC Baseline Efficiencies58

Table 327: Cooling EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities60

Table 328: Cooling Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities61

Table 329: Heating EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities62

Table 330: Terms, Values, and References for Electric Chillers65

Table 331: Electric Chiller Baseline Efficiencies66

Table 332: Chiller EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities67

Table 333: Chiller Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities67

Table 334: Water Source or Geothermal Heat Pump Baseline Assumptions70

Table 335: Terms, Values, and References for Geothermal Heat Pumps71

Table 336: Federal Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors74

Table 337: Ground/Water Loop Pump and Circulating Pump Efficiency75

Table 338: Default Baseline Equipment Efficiencies76

Table 339: Terms, Values, and References for DHP79

Table 340: ENERGY STAR Requirements for Furnaces and Boilers82

Table 341: Terms, Values, and References for Fuel Switching84

Table 342: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigerant Charge Correction88

Table 343: Refrigerant charge correction COP degradation factor (RCF) for various relative charge adjustments for both TXV metered and non-TXV units89

Table 344: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Room Air Conditioners92

Table 345: RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.1 Standards93

Table 346: Casement-Only and Casement-Slider RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.1 Standards93

Table 347: Reverse-Cycle RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency Standards and ENERGY STAR Version 4.1 Standards93

Table 348: Terms, Values, and References for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors95

Table 349: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels96

Table 350: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels96

Table 351: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels96

Table 352: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels97

Table 353: Terms, Values, and References for Economizers99

Table 354: FCHr for PA Climate Zones and Various Operating Conditions99

Table 355: Terms, Values, and References for Computer Room Air Conditioners102

Table 356: Computer Room Air Conditioner Baseline Efficiencies103

Table 357: Terms, Values, and References for CRAC/CRAH EC Plug Fans106

Table 358: Default ‘per HP’ Savings for CRAC/CRAH EC Plug Fans107

Table 359: Terms, Values, and References for CRAC/CRAH VSD on AC Fan Motors109

Table 360: Default Savings for CRAC/CRAH VSD on AC Fan Motors109

Table 361: Terms, Values, and References for HVLS Fans112

Table 362: Default Values for Conventional and HVLS Fan Wattages112

Table 363: Default Hours of Use by Building Type and Region113

Table 364: Terms, Values, and References for Premium Efficiency Motors116

Table 365: Baseline Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors117

Table 366: Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design C Motors118

Table 367: Default RHRS and CFs for Supply Fan Motors in Commercial Buildings119

Table 368: Default RHRS and CFs for Chilled Water Pump (CHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings121

Table 369: Default RHRS and CFs for Cooling Tower Fan (CTF) Motors in Commercial Buildings122

Table 370: Default RHRS and CFs for Heating Hot Water Pump (HHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings123

Table 371: Default RHRS and CFs for Condenser Water Pump Motors in Commercial Buildings124

Table 372: Terms, Values, and References for VFDs127

Table 373: Default Load Profiles for HVAC Fans and Pumps128

Table 374: Supply/Return and Cooling Tower Fan Power Part Load Ratios128

Table 375: HVAC Pump Power Part Load Ratios128

Table 376: Terms, Values, and References for ECM Circulating Fans132

Table 377: Default Motor Efficiency by Motor Type133

Table 378: Terms, Values, and References for VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fans134

Table 379: Terms, Values, and References for ECM Circulator Pumps137

Table 380: Terms, Values, and References for Premium Efficiency Motors141

Table 381: Baseline Pump Energy Indices142

Table 382: Typical water heating Gallons per Year and Energy to Demand Factors144

Table 383: COP Adjustment Factors, Fadjust145

Table 384: Terms, Values, and References for Heat Pump Water Heaters146

Table 385: Minimum Baseline Uniform Energy Factor Based on Storage Volume146

Table 386: Default Energy Savings147

Table 387: Typical Energy to Demand Factors150

Table 388: Terms, Values, and References for Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayers150

Table 389: Flow Rate and Usage Duration by Program151

Table 390: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Default Savings151

Table 391: Terms, Values, and References for Commercial Water Heater Fuel Switching154

Table 392: Minimum Baseline Uniform Energy Factor for Gas Water Heaters155

Table 393: Water Heating Fuel Switch Energy Savings Algorithms155

Table 394: Terms, Values, and References for High-Efficiency Refrigeration/Freezer Cases157

Table 395: Refrigeration & Freezer Case Efficiencies158

Table 396: Terms, Values, and References for High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motors160

Table 397: Terms, Values, and References for Evaporator Fan Controllers163

Table 398: Terms, Values, and References for Floating Head Pressure Controls166

Table 399: Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location167

Table 3100: Default Condenser Type Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location167

Table 3101: Terms, Values, and References for Anti-Sweat Heater Controls170

Table 3102: Per Door Savings with ASDH171

Table 3103: Terms, Values, and References for Evaporator Coil Defrost Controls172

Table 3104: Terms, Values, and References for VSD Compressors175

Table 3105: Terms, Values, and References for Strip Curtains178

Table 3106: Doorway Area Assumptions178

Table 3107: Default Energy Savings and Demand Reductions for Strip Curtains per Square Foot178

Table 3108: Terms, Values, and References for Night Covers180

Table 3109: Savings Factors181

Table 3110: Terms, Values, and References for Auto Closers183

Table 3111: Refrigeration Auto Closers Default Savings183

Table 3112: Terms, Values, and References for Door Gaskets184

Table 3113: Door Gasket Savings Per Door for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers185

Table 3114: Terms, Values, and References for Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat187

Table 3115: Terms, Values, and References for Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes189

Table 3116: Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes Savings per Linear Foot189

Table 3117: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigerated Display Cases with Doors Replacing Open Cases190

Table 3118: Terms, Values, and References for Adding Doors to Refrigerated Display Cases193

Table 3119: Terms, Values, and References for Air-Cooled Refrigeration Condensers194

Table 3120: Default Savings for Air-Cooled Refrigeration Condensers195

Table 3121: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigerated Case Light Occupancy Sensors196

Table 3122: Default energy and demand savings values, per watt of controlled lighting197

Table 3123: Terms, Values, and References for Refrigeration Economizers199

Table 3124: Hours and kWh Savings per HP for Refrigeration Economizers200

Table 3125: Terms, Values, and References for Commercial Clothes Washers205

Table 3126: Fuel Shares for Water Heaters and Dryers206

Table 3127: Default Savings for Replacing Front-Loading Clothes Washer in Multifamily Buildings with ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer207

Table 3128: Default Savings for Replacing Front-Loading Clothes Washer in Laundromats with ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer207

Table 3129: Criteria for ENERGY STAR Certified Bathroom Ventilation Fans Source 2209

Table 3130: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Bathroom Ventilation Fans210

Table 3131: Default Savings for ENERGY STAR Bathroom Ventilation Fans in Commercial Applications210

Table 3132: Terms, Values, and References for High-Efficiency Ice Machines213

Table 3133: Batch-Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies213

Table 3134: Continuous Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies214

Table 3135: Batch-Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies214

Table 3136: Continuous Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies215

Table 3137: Terms, Values, and References for Beverage Machine Controls217

Table 3138: Default Savings for Beverage Machine Controls217

Table 3139: Terms, Values, and References for Snack Machine Controls219

Table 3140: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Electric Steam Cookers222

Table 3141: Default Values for Electric Steam Cookers by Number of Pans223

Table 3142: Combination Oven Eligibility Requirements225

Table 3143: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Combination Ovens226

Table 3144: Default Baseline and Efficient-Case Values for ElecEFF227

Table 3145: Default Baseline Values for ElecIDLE228

Table 3146: Default Baseline Values for ElecPC228

Table 3147: Default Efficient-Case Values for ElecPC228

Table 3148: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Electric Convection Ovens230

Table 3149: Electric Oven Performance Metrics: Baseline and Efficient Default Values231

Table 3150: Default Unit Savings and Demand Reduction for ENERGY STAR Commercial Electric Convection Ovens.231

Table 3151: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Fryers233

Table 3152: Electric Fryer Performance Metrics: Baseline and Efficient Default Values234

Table 3153: Default for ENERGY STAR Commercial Electric Fryers234

Table 3154: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Hot Food Holding Cabinets236

Table 3155: Hot Food Holding Cabinet Performance Metrics: Default Baseline and Efficient Value Equations236

Table 3156: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwashers239

Table 3157: Default Inputs for ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwasher240

Table 3158: Default Annual Energy and Peak Demand Savings for ENERGY STAR Commercial Dishwashers240

Table 3159: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Griddles243

Table 3160: Default Savings for ENERGY STAR Griddles244

Table 3161: Terms, Values, and References for Wall and Ceiling Insulation246

Table 3162: Initial R-Values247

Table 3163: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Office Equipment250

Table 3164: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Measure Life251

Table 3165: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Energy and Demand Savings Values252

Table 3166: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Office Equipment255

Table 3167: Network Power Controls, Per Unit Summary Table255

Table 3168: Terms, Values, and References for Smart Strip Plug Outlets258

Table 3169: Impact Factors for APS Strip Types258

Table 3170: Default Savings for APS Strip Types258

Table 3171: Terms, Values, and References for ENERGY STAR Servers261

Table 3172: ENERGY STAR Server Utilization Default Assumptions261

Table 3173: ENERGY STAR Server Ratio of Idle Power to Full Load Power Factors261

Table 3174: Terms, Values, and References for Server Virtualization265

Table 3175: Server Utilization Default Assumptions265

Table 3176: ENERGY STAR Server Ratio of Idle Power to Full Load Power Factors266

Table 3177: Terms, Values, and References for Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryers269

Table 3178: Default Hours and Coincidence Factors by Shift Type269

Table 3179: Default Savings per HP for Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryers270

Table 3180: Terms, Values, and References for Air-entraining Air Nozzles272

Table 3181: Baseline Nozzle Flow272

Table 3182: Air Entraining Nozzle Flow272

Table 3183: Average Compressor kW / CFM (COMP)273


Table 3185: Terms, Values, and References for No-loss Condensate Drains276

Table 3186: Average Air Loss Rates (ALR)277

Table 3187: Average Compressor kW/CFM (COMP)277

Table 3188: Adjustment Factor (AF)278


Table 3190: Terms, Values, and References for Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors281


Table 3192: Default Savings per HP for Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors282

Table 3193: Terms, Values, and References for Variable-Speed Drive Air Compressors284


Table 3195: Default Savings per HP for Variable-Speed Drive Air Compressors285

Table 3196: Terms, Values, and References for Compressed Air Controllers287


Table 3198: Default Savings per HP for Compressed Air Controllers288

Table 3199: Terms, Values, and References for Compressed Air Low Pressure Drop Filters290


Table 3201: Default Savings per HP for Compressed Air Low Pressure Drop Filters291

Table 3202: Terms, Values, and References for Compressed Air Mist Eliminators293


Table 3204: Default Savings per HP for Compressed Air Mist Eliminators294

Table 3205: Terms, Values, and References for High Efficiency Transformers297

Table 3206: Baseline Efficiencies for Low-Voltage Dry-Type Distribution Transformers297

Table 3207: Terms, Values, and References for Engine Block Heater Timer299

Table 3208: Default Savings for Engine Block Heater Timer300

Table 3209: Terms, Values, and References for High Frequency Battery Chargers302

Table 3210: Default Values for Number of Charges Per Year303

Table 3211: Default Savings for High Frequency Battery Charging303

Table 3212: Terms, Values, and References for C&I Load Curtailment307

Table 41: Terms, Values, and References for Automatic Milker Takeoffs308

Table 42: Terms, Values, and References for Dairy Scroll Compressors311

Table 43: Terms, Values, and References for Ventilation Fans314

Table 44: Default values for standard and high efficiency ventilation fans for dairy and swine facilities314

Table 45: Default Hours for Ventilation Fans by Facility Type by Location (No Thermostat)315

Table 46: Default Hours for Ventilation Fans by Facility Type by Location (With Thermostat)315

Table 47: Terms, Values, and References for Heat Reclaimers318

Table 48: Terms, Values, and References for HVLS Fans320

Table 49: Default Values for Conventional and HVLS Fan Wattages321

Table 410: Default Hours by Location for Dairy/Poultry/Swine Applications321

Table 411: Terms, Values, and References for Livestock Waterers322

Table 412: Terms, Values, and References for VSD Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pump326

Table 413: Terms, Values, and References for Low Pressure Irrigation Systems329

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434493" Table 31: EISA 2007 Standards for General Service Fluorescent Bulbs PAGEREF _Toc535434493 \h 11

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434494" Table 32: Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixtures for Removed T-12 Fixtures PAGEREF _Toc535434494 \h 11

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434495" Table 33: Variables for Retrofit Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434495 \h 12

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434496" Table 34: Savings Control Factors Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434496 \h 13

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434497" Table 35: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Screw-Based Bulbs PAGEREF _Toc535434497 \h 14

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434498" Table 36: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Other General Service Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434498 \h 14

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434499" Table 37: Street lighting HOU by EDC PAGEREF _Toc535434499 \h 15

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434500" Table 38: Interactive Factors for All Bulb Types PAGEREF _Toc535434500 \h 15

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434501" Table 39: Interactive Factors for Comfort Cooled Spaces for All Building Types PAGEREF _Toc535434501 \h 16

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434502" Table 310: Variables for New Construction Lighting PAGEREF _Toc535434502 \h 21

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434503" Table 311: Lighting Power Densities from ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Building Area Method PAGEREF _Toc535434503 \h 22

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434504" Table 312: Lighting Power Densities from ASHRAE 90.1-2007 Space-by-Space Method PAGEREF _Toc535434504 \h 23

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434505" Table 313: Baseline Exterior Lighting Power Densities PAGEREF _Toc535434505 \h 26

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434506" Table 314: Default Baseline Savings Control Factors Assumptions for New Construction Only PAGEREF _Toc535434506 \h 28

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434507" Table 315: Lighting Controls Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434507 \h 33

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434508" Table 316: Assumptions for LED Traffic Signals PAGEREF _Toc535434508 \h 35

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434509" Table 317: Default Values for Traffic Signal and Pedestrian Signage Upgrades PAGEREF _Toc535434509 \h 36

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434510" Table 318: LED Exit Signs Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434510 \h 38

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434511" Table 319: LED Exit Signs Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434511 \h 39

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434512" Table 320: LED Channel Signage Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434512 \h 42

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434513" Table 321: Power demand of baseline (neon and argon-mercury) and energy-efficient (LED) signs PAGEREF _Toc535434513 \h 43

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434514" Table 322: LED: Refrigeration Case Lighting – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434514 \h 45

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434515" Table 323: Variables for HVAC Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434515 \h 48

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434516" Table 324: HVAC Baseline Efficiencies PAGEREF _Toc535434516 \h 51

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434517" Table 325: Air Conditioning EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434517 \h 53

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434518" Table 326: Air Conditioning Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434518 \h 54

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434519" Table 327: Heat Pump EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434519 \h 55

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434520" Table 328: Electric Chiller Variables PAGEREF _Toc535434520 \h 58

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434521" Table 329: Electric Chiller Baseline Efficiencies (IECC 2009) PAGEREF _Toc535434521 \h 59

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434522" Table 330: Chiller EFLHs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434522 \h 60

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434523" Table 331: Chiller Demand CFs for Pennsylvania Cities PAGEREF _Toc535434523 \h 61

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434524" Table 332: Water Source or Geothermal Heat Pump Baseline Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434524 \h 63

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434525" Table 333: Geothermal Heat Pump– Values and Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434525 \h 66

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434526" Table 334: Federal Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434526 \h 70

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434527" Table 335: Ground/Water Loop Pump and Circulating Pump Efficiency PAGEREF _Toc535434527 \h 71

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434528" Table 336: Default Baseline Equipment Efficiencies PAGEREF _Toc535434528 \h 71

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434529" Table 337: DHP – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434529 \h 75

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434530" Table 338: Act 129 Sunset Dates for ENERGY STAR Furnaces PAGEREF _Toc535434530 \h 78

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434531" Table 339: ENERGY STAR Requirements for Furnaces and Boilers PAGEREF _Toc535434531 \h 79


HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434533" Table 341: HVAC Baseline Efficiency Values PAGEREF _Toc535434533 \h 81

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434534" Table 342: Refrigerant Charge Correction Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434534 \h 85

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434535" Table 343: Refrigerant charge correction COP degradation factor (RCF) for various relative charge adjustments for both TXV metered and non-TXV units. PAGEREF _Toc535434535 \h 88


HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434537" Table 345: RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.0 Standards PAGEREF _Toc535434537 \h 92

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434538" Table 346: Casement-Only and Casement-Slider RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency and ENERGY STAR Version 4.0 Standards PAGEREF _Toc535434538 \h 92

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434539" Table 347: Reverse-Cycle RAC Federal Minimum Efficiency Standards and ENERGY STAR Version 4.0 Standards PAGEREF _Toc535434539 \h 93

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434540" Table 348: Guest Room Occupancy Sensor – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434540 \h 95

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434541" Table 349: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels PAGEREF _Toc535434541 \h 95

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434542" Table 350: Energy Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels PAGEREF _Toc535434542 \h 95

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434543" Table 351: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Motels PAGEREF _Toc535434543 \h 96

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434544" Table 352: Peak Demand Savings for Guest Room Occupancy Sensors – Hotels PAGEREF _Toc535434544 \h 96

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434545" Table 353: Economizer – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434545 \h 99

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434546" Table 354: FCHr for PA Climate Zones and Various Operating Conditions PAGEREF _Toc535434546 \h 99

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434547" Table 355: Default HVAC Efficiencies for Non-Residential Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434547 \h 99

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434548" Table 356: Building Mechanical System Variables for Premium Efficiency Motor Calculations PAGEREF _Toc535434548 \h 105

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434549" Table 357: Baseline Efficiencies for NEMA Design A and NEMA Design B Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434549 \h 105

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434550" Table 358: Baseline Motor Efficiencies for NEMA Design C Motors PAGEREF _Toc535434550 \h 107

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434551" Table 359: Default RHRS and CFs for Supply Fan Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434551 \h 108

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434552" Table 360: Default RHRS and CFs for Chilled Water Pump (CHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434552 \h 112

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434553" Table 361: Default RHRS and CFs for Cooling Tower Fan (CTF) Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434553 \h 114

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434554" Table 362: Default RHRS and CFs for Heating Hot Water Pump (HHWP) Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434554 \h 116

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434555" Table 363: Default RHRS and CFs for Condenser Water Pump Motors in Commercial Buildings PAGEREF _Toc535434555 \h 118

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434556" Table 364: Variables for VFD Calculations PAGEREF _Toc535434556 \h 120

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434557" Table 365: ESF and DSF for Typical Commercial VFD Installations PAGEREF _Toc535434557 \h 121

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434558" Table 366: ECM Circulating Fan – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434558 \h 125

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434559" Table 367: Default Motor Wattage (WATTSbase and WATTSee) for Circulating Fan PAGEREF _Toc535434559 \h 128

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434560" Table 368: VSD on Kitchen Exhaust Fan – Variables and References PAGEREF _Toc535434560 \h 130

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434561" Table 369: Typical water heating loads PAGEREF _Toc535434561 \h 132

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434562" Table 370: COP Adjustment Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434562 \h 134

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434563" Table 371: Heat Pump Water Heater Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434563 \h 136

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434564" Table 372: Minimum Baseline Energy Factor Based on Tank Size PAGEREF _Toc535434564 \h 137

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434565" Table 373: Energy Savings Algorithms PAGEREF _Toc535434565 \h 137

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434566" Table 374: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434566 \h 143

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434567" Table 375: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434567 \h 147

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434568" Table 376: Low Flow Pre-Rinse Sprayer Default Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434568 \h 148

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434569" Table 377: Commercial Water Heater Fuel Switch Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434569 \h 153

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434570" Table 378: Minimum Baseline Energy Factor Based on Tank Size PAGEREF _Toc535434570 \h 154

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434571" Table 379: Water Heating Fuel Switch Energy Savings Algorithms PAGEREF _Toc535434571 \h 154

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434572" Table 380: COP Adjustment Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434572 \h 159

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434573" Table 381: Heat Pump Water Heater Fuel Switch Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434573 \h 161

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434574" Table 382: Minimum Baseline Energy Factors Based on Tank Size PAGEREF _Toc535434574 \h 162

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434575" Table 383: Energy Savings Algorithms PAGEREF _Toc535434575 \h 162

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434576" Table 384: Refrigeration Cases - References PAGEREF _Toc535434576 \h 166

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434577" Table 385: Refrigeration & Freezer Case Efficiencies (PY8) PAGEREF _Toc535434577 \h 166

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434578" Table 386: Refrigeration Case Savings (PY8) PAGEREF _Toc535434578 \h 167

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434579" Table 387: Freezer Case Savings (PY8) PAGEREF _Toc535434579 \h 167

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434580" Table 3-88: Refrigerator and Freezer Case Baseline Efficiencies (PY9-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434580 \h 167

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434581" Table 389: Variables for High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434581 \h 170

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434582" Table 390: Variables for HE Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434582 \h 171

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434583" Table 391: PSC to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434583 \h 171

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434584" Table 392: Shaded Pole to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434584 \h 172

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434585" Table 393: Variables for High-Efficiency Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434585 \h 174

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434586" Table 394: Variables for HE Evaporator Fan Motor PAGEREF _Toc535434586 \h 175

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434587" Table 395: PSC to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434587 \h 175

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434588" Table 396: Shaded Pole to ECM Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434588 \h 176

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434589" Table 397: Evaporator Fan Controller Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434589 \h 179

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434590" Table 398: Floating Head Pressure Controls – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434590 \h 182

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434591" Table 399: Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location PAGEREF _Toc535434591 \h 183

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434592" Table 3100: Default Condenser Type Annual Savings kWh/HP by Location PAGEREF _Toc535434592 \h 183

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434593" Table 3101 Anti-Sweat Heater Controls – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434593 \h 186

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434594" Table 3102: Recommended Fully Deemed Impact Estimates PAGEREF _Toc535434594 \h 187

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434595" Table 3103: Evaporator Coil Defrost Control – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434595 \h 190

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434596" Table 3104: Savings Factor for Reduced Cooling Load PAGEREF _Toc535434596 \h 190

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434597" Table 3105: VSD Compressor – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434597 \h 193

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434598" Table 3106: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434598 \h 196

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434599" Table 3107: Default Energy Savings and Demand Reductions for Strip Curtains PAGEREF _Toc535434599 \h 197

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434600" Table 3108: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Supermarkets PAGEREF _Toc535434600 \h 198

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434601" Table 3109: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Convenience Stores PAGEREF _Toc535434601 \h 200

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434602" Table 3110: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Restaurants PAGEREF _Toc535434602 \h 201

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434603" Table 3111: Strip Curtain Calculation Assumptions for Refrigerated Warehouses PAGEREF _Toc535434603 \h 202

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434604" Table 3112: Night Covers Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434604 \h 205

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434605" Table 3113: Savings Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434605 \h 205

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434606" Table 3114: Auto Closers Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434606 \h 208

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434607" Table 3115: Refrigeration Auto Closers Deemed Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434607 \h 208

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434608" Table 3116: Door Gasket Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434608 \h 211

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434609" Table 3117: Door Gasket Savings Per Linear Foot for Walk-in and Reach-in Coolers and Freezers PAGEREF _Toc535434609 \h 211

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434610" Table 3118: Special Doors with Low or No Anti-Sweat Heat for Low Temp Case Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434610 \h 213

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434611" Table 3119: Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes Calculations Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434611 \h 216

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434612" Table 3120: Insulate Bare Refrigeration Suction Pipes Savings per Linear Foot for Walk-in Coolers and Freezers of Restaurants and Grocery Stores PAGEREF _Toc535434612 \h 216

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434613" Table 3121: Assumptions for Adding Doors to Refrigerated Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434613 \h 218

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434614" Table 3122: Assumptions for Adding Doors to Refrigerated Display Cases PAGEREF _Toc535434614 \h 220

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434615" Table 3123: Commercial Clothes Washer Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434615 \h 224

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434616" Table 3124: Default Savings for Top Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundry in Multifamily Buildings (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434616 \h 226

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434617" Table 3125: Default Savings for Front Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundry in Multifamily Buildings (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434617 \h 226

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434618" Table 3126: Default Savings for Top Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundromats (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434618 \h 227

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434619" Table 3127: Default Savings Front Loading ENERGY STAR Clothes Washer for Laundromats (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434619 \h 227

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434620" Table 3128: Future Federal Standards for Clothes Washers (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434620 \h 228

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434621" Table 3129: Ice Machine Reference Values for Algorithm Components PAGEREF _Toc535434621 \h 230

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434622" Table 3130: Batch-Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434622 \h 231

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434623" Table 3131: Batch-Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies (PY8-PY9) PAGEREF _Toc535434623 \h 231

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434624" Table 3132: Batch-Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434624 \h 232

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434625" Table 3133: Continuous Type Ice Machine Baseline Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434625 \h 232

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434626" Table 3134: Batch-Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434626 \h 233

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434627" Table 3135: Continuous Type Ice Machine ENERGY STAR Efficiencies (PY10-PY12) PAGEREF _Toc535434627 \h 233

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434628" Table 3136: Beverage Machine Control Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434628 \h 235

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434629" Table 3137: Beverage Machine Controls Energy Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434629 \h 236

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434630" Table 3138: Snack Machine Controls – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434630 \h 237

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434631" Table 3139: Steam Cooker - Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434631 \h 241

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434632" Table 3140: Default Values for Electric Steam Cookers by Number of Pans PAGEREF _Toc535434632 \h 242

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434633" Table 3141: ENERGY STAR Refrigerated Beverage Vending Machine – Values and Resources PAGEREF _Toc535434633 \h 245

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434634" Table 3142: Default Beverage Vending Machine Energy Savings PAGEREF _Toc535434634 \h 245

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434635" Table 3143: Non-Residential Insulation – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434635 \h 248

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434636" Table 3144: Ceiling R-Values by Building Type PAGEREF _Toc535434636 \h 250

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434637" Table 3145: Wall R-Values by Building Type PAGEREF _Toc535434637 \h 250

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434638" Table 3146: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment - References PAGEREF _Toc535434638 \h 254

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434639" Table 3147: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Measure Life PAGEREF _Toc535434639 \h 255

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434640" Table 3148: ENERGY STAR Office Equipment Energy and Demand Savings Values PAGEREF _Toc535434640 \h 255

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434641" Table 3149: Network Power Controls, Per Unit Summary Table PAGEREF _Toc535434641 \h 258

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434642" Table 3150: Smart Strip Calculation Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434642 \h 261

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434643" Table 3151: Cycling Refrigerated Thermal Mass Dryer – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434643 \h 263

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434644" Table 3152: Annual Hours of Compressor Operation PAGEREF _Toc535434644 \h 263

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434645" Table 3153: Coincidence Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434645 \h 263

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434646" Table 3154: Air-entraining Air Nozzle – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434646 \h 266

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434647" Table 3155: Baseline Nozzle Mass Flow PAGEREF _Toc535434647 \h 266

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434648" Table 3156: Air Entraining Nozzle Mass Flow PAGEREF _Toc535434648 \h 266

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434649" Table 3157: Average Compressor kW / CFM (COMP) PAGEREF _Toc535434649 \h 266


HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434651" Table 3159: Coincidence Factor PAGEREF _Toc535434651 \h 267

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434652" Table 3160: No-loss Condensate Drains – Values and References PAGEREF _Toc535434652 \h 270

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434653" Table 3161: Average Air Loss Rates (ALR) PAGEREF _Toc535434653 \h 271

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434654" Table 3162: Average Compressor kW/CFM (COMP) PAGEREF _Toc535434654 \h 271

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434655" Table 3163: Adjustment Factor (AF) PAGEREF _Toc535434655 \h 271


HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434657" Table 3165: Coincidence Factor PAGEREF _Toc535434657 \h 272

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434658" Table 13166: Assumptions for Air Tanks for Load/No Load Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434658 \h 275

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434659" Table 3167: Annual Hours of Compressor Operation, HOURS PAGEREF _Toc535434659 \h 275

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434660" Table 3168: ENERGY STAR Server Measure Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434660 \h 278

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434661" Table 3169: ENERGY STAR Server Utilization Default Assumptions PAGEREF _Toc535434661 \h 278

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434662" Table 3170: ENERGY STAR Server Ratio of Idle Power to Full Load Power Factors PAGEREF _Toc535434662 \h 278

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434663" Table 41: Variables for Automatic Milker Takeoffs PAGEREF _Toc535434663 \h 283

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434664" Table 42: Variables for Dairy Scroll Compressors PAGEREF _Toc535434664 \h 286

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434665" Table 43: Variables for Ventilation Fans PAGEREF _Toc535434665 \h 289

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434666" Table 44: Default values for standard and high efficiency ventilation fans for dairy and swine facilities PAGEREF _Toc535434666 \h 290

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434667" Table 45. Default Hours for Ventilation Fans by Facility Type by Location (No Thermostat) PAGEREF _Toc535434667 \h 290

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434668" Table 46. Default Hours Reduced by Thermostats by Facility Type and Location PAGEREF _Toc535434668 \h 290

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434669" Table 47: Variables for Heat Reclaimers PAGEREF _Toc535434669 \h 293

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434670" Table 48: Variables for HVLS Fans PAGEREF _Toc535434670 \h 296

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434671" Table 49: Default Values for Conventional and HVLS Fan Wattages PAGEREF _Toc535434671 \h 296

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434672" Table 410. Default Hours by Location for Dairy/Poultry/Swine Applications PAGEREF _Toc535434672 \h 297

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434673" Table 411: Variables for Livestock Waterers PAGEREF _Toc535434673 \h 299

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434674" Table 412: Variables for VSD Controller on Dairy Vacuum Pump PAGEREF _Toc535434674 \h 303

HYPERLINK \l "_Toc535434675" Table 413: Variables for Low Pressure Irrigation Systems PAGEREF _Toc535434675 \h 306

State of Pennsylvania – Technical Reference Manual Vol. 3: – Rev Date: August 2019

Commercial and Industrial MeasuresFeb 2017

Contents

Page x

This Page Intentionally Left Blank

20212016 TECHNICAL REFERENCE MANUAL

Page xi

Commercial and Industrial Measures

The following section of the TRM contains savings protocols for commercial and industrial measures.

LightingLighting Improvements

Measure Name

Lighting Fixture Improvements

Target Sector

Commercial and Industrial Establishments

Measure Unit

Lighting Equipment

Unit Energy Savings

Variable

Unit Peak Demand Reduction

Variable

Measure Life

New Linear Fluorescent Fixture: 15 years

Lamp Only: LED, Screw-in: 15 years

Lamp Only: Induction Lamps: 6 years

Lamp Only: Metal Halide Lamps: 6 years

Lamp Only: High Pressure Sodium Lamps: 12 years

Lamp Only: Mercury Vapor Lamps: 6 years

Lamp Only: T8 Lamps: 10 years

Lamp Only: LED, Linear, Type A: 7 years Source 1

Lamp Only: LED, Linear, Type B: 15 years

Lamp Only: LED, Linear, Type C: 15 years

Permanent Fixture Removal: 13 years

Permanent Lamp Removal: 11 years Source 2Variable[footnoteRef:2] [2: ]

Measure Vintage

Early Replacement or Permanent Removal

Eligibility

Lighting improvements include fixture or lamp and ballast replacement and/or permanent removal in existing commercial and industrial customers’ facilities.[footnoteRef:3] Installed and removed lamps and fixtures are broken down into two distinct types based on common load shapes: Screw-based and Other General Service. Screw-based bulbs consist of self-ballasted incandescent, halogen, CFL, and LED bulbs; Other General Service Lighting consists of all other fixture and lamp types, including but not limited to linear fluorescents, metal halides, high intensity discharge lamps, and hardwired/pin-based CFLs and LEDs. [3: Permanent fixture and lamp removal savings do not include replacements. Customers are responsible for determining whether permanent fixture and/or lamp removal will maintain or exceed minimum lighting requirements. Recommended light levels are provided by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).]

To be eligible for savings from permanent fixture and lamp removal, customer must have permanently removed unneeded, functional light fixtures, lamps, lamp holders, and/or ballasts in accordance with local regulations. The removal of non-operational equipment is not eligible for the defined savings.

Permanent lamp removal includes the permanent removal of existing 8’, 4’, 3’ and 2’ T8 fluorescent lamps. The savings are defined on a per-removed-lamp basis and don’t include savings from lamp replacements.

Note that the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (“EPACT 2005”) and Energy Independence and Security Act (“EISA”) 2007, and subsequent federal rulemakings, standards introduced new efficacy standards for linear fluorescent bulbs and ballasts, effectively phasing out magnetic ballasts (effective October 1, 2010) and most T-12 bulbs (effective July 14, 2012). This inducedinduces a shift in what a participant would have purchased in the absence of the program because T-12 bulbs on magnetic ballasts are no longer viable options and, therefore, adjusts the baseline assumption. With this understanding, standard T-8s becamewill become the baseline for all T-12 linear fluorescent retrofits beginning June 1, 2016 (PY8). The EISA 2007 standards for general service fluorescent bulbs are provided in REF _Ref414025713 \h Table 31. The comparable baseline for any removed standard T-12 fixture will be the T-8 fixture of the same length and lamp count. The comparable baseline for any removed high-output T-12 fixture will be the T-8 fixture of the same length and lamp count with a ballast factor equal to 0.98. The assumed T-8 baseline fixtures and wattages associated with the most common T-12 fixture configurations are presented in Table 31. For small business direct install programs where wattage of the existing T-12 fixture is known, and the existing fixture was in working condition, wattage of the existing fixture removed by the program may be used as the baseline wattage in lieu of the table below. In such cases, the lighting equipment must be replaced directly by an ICSP and not a lighting trade ally.

REF _Ref414025724 \h

Table 32.

Table 31: EISA 2007 Standards for General Service Fluorescent Bulbs[footnoteRef:4] [4: HYPERLINK "http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-110hr6enr/pdf/BILLS-110hr6enr.pdf" ]

Lamp Type

Nominal Lamp Wattage

Minimum (Color Rendering Index) CRI

Minimum Average Lamp Efficacy (LPW)

4-foot medium bi-pin

>35 W

69

75.0

≤35 W

45

75.0

2-foot U-shaped

>35 W

69

68.0

≤35 W

45

64.0

8-foot slimline

65 W

69

80.0

≤65 W

45

80.0

8-foot high output

>100 W

69

80.0

≤100 W

45

80.0

Table 32: Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixtures for Removed T-12 Fixtures

T-12 Lamp Length

T-12 Lamp Type

T-12 Lamp Count

Assumed T-8 Baseline Fixture Code

Assumed T-8 Baseline Wattage

24”

Standard

1

F21ILL

20

24”

Standard

2

F22ILL

33

24”

Standard

3

F23ILL

47

24”

Standard

4

F24ILL

61

36”

Standard

1

F31ILL

26

36”

Standard

2

F32ILL

46

36”

Standard

3

F33ILL

67

36”

Standard

4

F34ILL

87

48”

Standard

1

F41ILL

31

48”

Standard

2

F42ILL

59

48”

Standard

3

F43ILL

89

48”

Standard

4

F44ILL

112

48”

Standard

6

F46ILL

175

48”

Standard

8

F48ILL

224

60”

Standard

1

F51ILL

36

60”

Standard

2

F52ILL

72

72”

Standard

1

F61ILL

55

72”

Standard

2

F62ILL

111

96”

Standard

1

F81ILL

58

96”

Standard

2

F82ILL

109

96”

Standard

3

F83ILL

167

96”

Standard

4

F84ILL

219

96”

Standard

6

F86ILL

328

96”

High-Output

1

F81LHL

85

96”

High-Output

2

F82LHL

160

96”

High-Output

3

F83LHL

253

96”

High-Output

4

F84LHL

320

96”

High-Output

6

F86LHL

506

Similarly, the EISA “backstop” provision introduced new efficacy standards for general service lamps (effective January 1, 2020) effectively requiring a minimum efficacy of 45 lm/W for most general service lamps. This induced a shift in what a participant would have purchased in the absence of the program because standard and halogen incandescent lamps are no longer viable options and, therefore, adjusts the baseline assumption. With this understanding, a generic general service lamp with an efficacy of 45 lm/W will become the assumed baseline for the majority of incandescent lamp retrofits beginning January 1, 2020.[footnoteRef:5] The comparable baseline for any removed incandescent lamps will be a generic general service lamp with similar lumen output. The assumed generic general service lamp baseline lamps/fixtures and wattages associated with the most common incandescent lamp/fixture configurations are presented in Table 32. [5: By definition, general service lamps are limited to lamps with initial lumen output of greater than or equal to 310 lumens and less than or equal to 3,300 lumens, so very low and high output lamps are unaffected by this baseline shift.]

Table 32: Assumed Generic GSL Baseline Lamps/Fixtures for Removed Incandescent Lamps/Fixtures

Removed Lamp/Fixture Description

Lamp Count

BaselineFixture Code

Assumed Baseline Fixture Wattage

Incandescent, (1) 34W lamp

1

GSL8/1

8

Incandescent, (1) 40W ES lamp

1

GSL8/1

8

Incandescent, (1) 40W ES/LL lamp

1

GSL8/1

8


1

GSL8/1

8


1

GSL10/1

10


1

GSL11/1

11


1

GSL11/1

11


1

GSL13/1

13


1

GSL13/1

13


1

GSL13/1

13


1

GSL13/1

13


1

GSL14/1

14


1

GSL14/1

14


1

GSL17/1

17


1

GSL18/1

18


1

GSL19/1

19


1

GSL19/1

19


1

GSL19/1

19


1

GSL19/1

19


1

GSL20/1

20


1

GSL23/1

23


1

GSL25/1

25


1

GSL26/1

26


1

GSL28/1

28


1

GSL28/1

28


1

GSL28/1

28


1

GSL29/1

29


1

GSL30/1

30


1

GSL33/1

33


1

GSL40/1

40


1

GSL44/1

44


1

GSL48/1

48


1

GSL48/1

48


1

GSL48/1

48


1

GSL58/1

58


1

GSL66/1

66


2

GSL8/2

16


2

GSL10/2

20


2

GSL13/2

26


2

GSL13/2

26


2

GSL14/2

28


2

GSL14/2

28


2

GSL17/2

34


2

GSL18/2

36


2

GSL19/2

38


2

GSL23/2

46


2

GSL28/2

56


2

GSL30/2

60


2

GSL33/2

66


2

GSL40/2

80


2

GSL48/2

96


2

GSL58/2

116


3

GSL17/3

51


3

GSL19/3

57


3

GSL23/3

69


3

GSL28/3

84


3

GSL33/3

99


4

GSL17/4

68


4

GSL23/4

92


4

GSL33/4

132


5

GSL17/5

85


5

GSL33/5

165

Halogen Incandescent, (1) 35W lamp

1

GSL12/1

12


1

GSL14/1

14


1

GSL14/1

14


1

GSL17/1

17


1

GSL19/1

19


1

GSL20/1

20


1

GSL24/1

24


1

GSL26/1

26


1

GSL33/1

33


1

GSL34/1

34


1

GSL41/1

41


1

GSL46/1

46


1

GSL69/1

69


2

GSL17/2

34


2

GSL19/2

38


2

GSL24/2

48


2

GSL34/2

68


2

GSL41/2

82


2

GSL69/2

138

See Appendix E for general eligibility requirements for solid state lighting products in commercial and industrial applications.

Algorithms

For all lighting fixture improvements (without control improvements), the following algorithms apply:

Definition of Terms

Table 33: Terms, Values, and ReferencesVariables for Retrofit Lighting Improvements

Term

Unit

Values

Source

, ,Connected load of the baseline lighting as defined by project classification

kW

See Fixture Identities in Appendix C

Default Permanent Lamp Removal: Table 310 REF _Ref395033615 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool

Appendix C

3 REF _Ref395032771 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool

, Connected load of the post-retrofit or energy–efficient lighting system

kW

See Fixture Identities in Appendix C

For Permanent Fixture and/or Lamp Removal, REF _Ref395033640 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool

Appendix C REF _Ref395032828 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool

DeltakW, difference between connected load of baseline and post-retrofit energy efficiency lighting system

kW

Default Street Lighting: 0.120

Calculated value

4

, Savings factor for existing lighting control (percent of time the lights are off)

None

EDC Data Gathering

EDC Data Gathering

Default: See Table 34

See Table 34

, Demand Coincidence factorFactor

Decimal

EDC Data Gathering

EDC Data Gathering

Default Screw-based Bulbs: See Table 35

Default Other General Service:

See Table 36 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT

Table 35

See Table 35 and Table 36 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT

Table 35

, Hours of Use – the average annual operating hours of the baseline lighting equipment, which if applied to full connected load will yield annual energy use.

EDC Data Gathering

EDC Data Gathering

Default Screw-based Bulbs: Table 35

Default Other General Service: Table 36

Default Street Lighting: Table 37See REF _Ref413750906 \h \* MERGEFORMAT Table 36 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT

Table 35

See Table 35, and Table 36, and Table 37 REF _Ref377135126 \h \* MERGEFORMAT

Table 35

, Interactive Energy Factor – applies to C&I interior lighting in space that has air conditioning, electric space hating, or refrigeration only. This represents the secondary energy impactssavings in cooling required which results from the decreased waste heat from efficientindoor lighting wattage.

None

Default:

See Table 38 and Table 39

Table 38 and Table 393,8

, Interactive Demand Factor – applies to C&I interior lighting in space that has air conditioning or refrigeration only. This represents the secondary demand savings in cooling required which results from the decreased waste heat from efficientindoor lighting wattage.

None

Default:

See Table 38 and Table 39

Table 38 and Table 393,8

Other factors required to calculate savings are shown in Table 34, Table 35, Table 36, Table 37, Table 38, and Table 39. Note that if HOU is stated and verified by logging lighting hours of use groupings, actual hours should be applied. In addition, the site-specific CF must be used to calculate peak demand savings if actual hours are used. The IF factors shown in Table 38 and Table 39 are to be used only when the facilities are air conditioned and only for fixtures in conditioned or refrigerated space. The HOU for refrigerated spaces are to be estimated or logged separately.

Table 34: Savings Control Factors Assumptions[footnoteRef:6] [6: Subject to verification by EDC Evaluation or SWE.]

Strategy

Definition

Technology

Savings %

SourcesSource

Switch

Manual On/Off Switch

Light Switch

0%

51,2,3

Occupancy

Adjusting light levels according to the presence of occupants

Occupancy Sensors

24%

Time Clocks

24%

Energy Management System

24%

Daylighting

Adjusting light levels automatically in response to the presence of natural light

Photosensors

28%

Time Clocks

28%

Personal Tuning

Adjusting individual light levels by occupants according to their personal preferences; applies, for example, to private offices, workstation-specific lighting in open-plan offices, and classrooms

Dimmers

31%

Wireless on-off switches

31%

Bi-level switches

31%

Computer based controls

31%

Pre-set scene selection

31%

Institutional Tuning

Adjustment of light levels through commissioning and technology to meet location specific needs or building policies; or provision of switches or controls for areas or groups of occupants; examples of the former include high-end trim dimming (also known as ballast tuning or reduction of ballast factor), task tuning and lumen maintenance

Dimmable ballasts

36%

On-off or dimmer switches for non-personal tuning

36%

Multiple Types

Includes combination of any of the types described above. Occupancy and personal tuning, daylighting and occupancy are most common.

Occupancy and personal tuning/ daylighting and occupancy

38%

Table 35: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Screw-Based Bulbs

Building Type

HOU

CF

Source

Education

2,944

0.39

68

Exterior, Photocell-Controlled (All Building Types)

4,306

0.11

7

Exterior, All Other (All Building Types)

3,604833

0.1100

85

Grocery

7,798

0.99

68

Health

2,476

0.47

68

Industrial Manufacturing – 1 Shift

2,857

0.9657

8, 94,6


4,730

0.9657

8, 94,6


6,631

0.9657

8, 94,6

Institutional/Public Service

1,456

0.23

68

Lodging

2,925

0.38

68

Miscellaneous/Other

2,001

0.33

68

Multi-Family Common Areas

5,950

0.7362

316

Office

1,420

0.26

68

Parking Garages

8,6786,552

0.9862*

84,7

Restaurant

3,054

0.55

68

Retail

2,383

0.56

68

Street Lighting[footnoteRef:7] [7: Street Lighting” is generally municipally owned, operates from dusk to dawn, and is not connected to a specific facility. “Exterior Lighting” is connected to a specific facility and does not always operate from dusk to dawn. If an exterior lighting project cannot demonstrate that the lighting operates from dusk to dawn, the “Exterior Lighting” HOU should be used. However, if the exterior lighting operates from dusk to dawn, the “Street Lighting” HOU are the appropriate HOU.]

See Table 37

0.00

See Table 37

Warehouse

2,815

0.50

68

* 0.62 represents the simple average of all coincidence factors listed in the 2012 Mid-Atlantic TRM

Table 36: Lighting HOU and CF by Building Type for Other General Service Lighting

Building Type

HOU

CF

Source

Education

2,371

0.45

68

Exterior, Photocell-Controlled (All Building Types)

4,306

0.11

7

Exterior (All Building Types)

3,604833

0.1100

85

Grocery

6,471

0.93

68

Health

2,943

0.52

68

Industrial/Manufacturing - 1 Shift

2,857

0.9657

8, 96


4,730

0.9657

8, 96


6,631

0.9657

8, 96

Institutional/Public Service

1,419

0.23

68

Lodging

3,579

0.45

68

Miscellaneous/Other

2,830

0.58

68

Multi-Family Common Areas

5,950

0.7362

316

Office

2,294

0.48

68

Parking Garage

8,6786,552

0.9862*

87

Restaurant

4,747

0.77

68

Retail

2,915

0.66

68

Street Lighting[footnoteRef:8] [8: Ibid.]

See Table 37

0.00

See Table 37

Warehouse

2,545

0.48

68

* 0.62 represents the simple average of all coincidence factors listed in the 2012 Mid-Atlantic TRM

Table 37: Street lighting HOU by EDC

EDC

HOU

Source

Duquesne

4,200

109

PECO

4,100

1110

PPL

4,300

1211

Met-Ed

4,200

1312

Penelec

4,200

1413

Penn Power

4,070

1514

West Penn Power

4,200

1615

Table 38: Interactive Factors for All Bulb Types

Term

Unit

Values

Source

None

Comfort Cooled = See Table 39

68

Freezer spaces (-35 °F – 20 °F) = 0.50

173

Medium-temperature refrigerated spaces (20 °F – 40 °F) = 0.29

High-temperature refrigerated spaces (40 °F – 60 °F) = 0.18

Un-cooled space = 0

None

Comfort Cooled = See Table 39

68

Freezer spaces (-35 °F – 20 °F) = 0.50

173

Medium-temperature refrigerated spaces (20 °F – 40 °F) = 0.29

High-temperature refrigerated spaces (40 °F – 60 °F) = 0.18

Un-cooled space = 0

Table 39: Interactive Factors for Comfort Cooled Spaces for All Building Types

Heating Fuel

Non-Electric Heat

0.031

0.192

Electric Heat

-0.142

0.192

Unknown

0.000

0.192

Table 310: Connected Load of the Baseline Lighting

Lamp Length

Wattage Removed (kWbase) per Lamp

Source

T8

8-foot

0.0386

18

4-foot

0.0194

3-foot

0.0146

2-foot

0.0098

Default Savings

There are no default savings associated with this measure.

Evaluation Protocols

Methods for Determining Baseline Conditions

The following are acceptable methods for determining baseline conditions when verification by direct inspection is not possible as may occur in a rebate program where customers submit an application and equipment receipts only after installing efficient lighting equipment, or for a retroactive project as allowed by Act 129. In order of preference:

· Examination of replaced lighting equipment that is still on site waiting to be recycled or otherwise disposed of

· Examination of replacement lamp and ballast inventories where the customer has replacement equipment for the retrofitted fixtures in stock. The inventory must be under the control of the customer or customer’s agent

· Interviews with and written statements from customers, facility managers, building engineers or others with firsthand knowledge about purchasing and operating practices at the affected site(s) identifying the lamp and ballast configuration(s) of the baseline condition

· Interviews with and written statements from the project’s lighting contractor or the customer’s project coordinator identifying the lamp and ballast configuration(s) of the baseline equipment

· For street lighting projects only, use of the DeltakW as shown in Table 33

Detailed Inventory Form

A detailed lighting inventory is required for all lighting improvement projects. The lighting inventory form will use the algorithms presented above to derive the total ΔkW and ΔkWh savings for each installed measure. Within a single project, to the extent there are multiple combinations of control strategies (SVG), hours of use (HOU), coincidence factors (CF) or interactive factors (IF), the will be broken out to account for these different factors. This will be accomplished using Appendix C, REF _Ref395034034 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool, a Microsoft Excel inventory form that specifies the lamp and ballast configuration using the “Fixture Identities” sheet and SVG, HOU, CF and IF values for each line entry. The inventory form will also specify the location and number of fixtures for reference and validation.

Appendix C REF _Ref395034121 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool was developed to automate the calculation of energy and demand impacts for retrofit lighting projects, based on a series of entries by the user defining key characteristics of the retrofit project. The "General Information" sheet is provided for the user to identify facility-specific details of the project that have an effect on the calculation of gross savings. Facility-specific details include contact information, electric utility, building area information, and operating schedule. The "Lighting Inventory" sheet is the main worksheet that calculates energy savings and peak demand reduction for the user-specified lighting fixture and controls improvements. This form follows the algorithms presented above and facilitates the calculation of gross savings for implementation and evaluation purposes. Each line item on this tab represents a specific area with common baseline fixtures, retrofit fixtures, controls strategy, space cooling, and space usage.

Baseline and retrofit fixture wattages are determined by selecting the appropriate fixture code from the “Fixture Identities” sheet. The sheet can also be used to find the appropriate code for a particular lamp-ballast combination by using the enabled auto-filter options. Actual wattages of fixtures determined by manufacturer’s equipment specification sheets or other independent sources may not be used unless (1) the manufacturer's cut sheet indicates that the difference in delta-watts of fixture wattages (i.e. difference in delta watts of baseline and “actual” installed efficient fixture wattage and delta watts of baseline and nearest matching efficient fixture in the “Fixture Identities” of Appendix C REF _Ref395032771 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool is more than 10%[footnoteRef:9] or (2) the corresponding fixture code is not listed in the “Fixture Identities” list. In these cases, alternate wattages for lamp-ballast combinations can be inputted using the appropriate cells within the “Fixture Identities” tab. Rows 9 through 2818 provide a guided custom LED fixture generator to be used with non-self-ballasted LEDs. All other custom cut sheets should be inputted into rows 932922 through 981971. Documentation supporting the alternate wattages must be provided in the form of manufacturer-provided specification sheets or other industry accepted sources (e.g. ENERGY STAR listing, Design Lights Consortium listing, etc.).). Submitted specification sheets must cite test data performed under standard ANSI procedures. These exceptions will be used as the basis for periodically updating the “Fixture Identities” to better reflect market conditions and more accurately represent savings. [9: ]

Some EDC Implementation CSPslighting contractors may have developed in-house lighting inventory forms that are used to determine reported savingspreliminary estimates forof projects and calculate rebate amounts. The Appendix C form is the preferred tool for reported and verified savings calculations.. In order to ensure standardization of all lighting projects, REF _Ref395034225 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool must still be used. However, if a ICSPthird-party lighting inventory form may be used for program delivery purposes is provided it (1) includes all the same functionality, formulas, entries to REF _Ref395034247 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool may be condensed into groups sharing common baseline fixtures, retrofit fixtures, space type, building type, and calculation steps as the Appendix C form and (2) is approvedcontrols. Whereas REF _Ref395034313 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool separates fixtures by the SWE prior to being utilized to calculate reported savings. In the case where an ICSP tool produces a different savings estimate from the Appendix C calculator, the Appendix C result is consideredlocation to be the TRM-supported savings value. Appendix Cfacilitate evaluation and audit activities, third-party forms can serve that specific function if provided.

REF _Ref395034351 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool will be updated periodically to include new fixtures and technologies available as may be appropriate. Additional guidance can be found in the “Manual” sheet of Appendix C. REF _Ref395034375 \h Appendix C: Lighting Audit and Design Tool.

Custom Hours of Use and Coincidence Factors

If the project cannot be described by the building type categories listed in Table 35 and Table 36, or if the facility’s actual lighting hours deviate by more than 10% from the tables, or if the project retrofitted only a portion of a facility’s lighting system for which whole building hours of use would not be appropriate, the deemed HOU and CF assumptions can be overridden by inputting custom operating schedules into the Lighting Operation Schedule portion of the “General Information” tab of Appendix C.: Lighting Audit and Design Tool. The custom schedule inputs must be corroborated by an acceptable source such as posted hours, customer interviews, building monitoring system (BMS), or metered data.

For all projects, annual hours are subject to adjustment by EDC evaluators or SWE.

Metering – [footnoteRef:10] [10: REF _Ref363047931 \h \* MERGEFORMAT ]

Projects with savings below 750,000 kWh

Metering is encouraged for projects with expected savings below 750,000 kWh but have high uncertainty, i.e. where hours are unknown, variable, or difficult to verify. Exact conditions of “high uncertainty” are to be determined by the EDC evaluation contractors to appropriately manage variance. Metering completed by the implementation contractor maybe leveraged by the evaluation contractor, subject to a reasonableness review. Sampling methodologies within a site are to be either discerned by the EDC evaluation contractor based on the characteristics of the facility in question or performed consistent with guidance the EDC EM&V contractor provides.

Metering – Projects with savings of 750,000 kWh or higher

For projects with expected savings of 750,000 kWh or higher, metering is required[footnoteRef:11]. Installation of light loggers is the accepted method of metering, but trend data from BMS is an acceptable substitute. Metering completed by the implementation contractor may be leveraged by the evaluation contractor, subject to a reasonableness review. Sampling methodologies within a site are to be either discerned by the EDC evaluation contractor or communicated to implementation contractors based on the characteristics of the facility in question or performed consistent with guidance the EDC EM&V contractor provides. [11: The Commission allows the EDCs to use alternative methods for obtaining customer-specific data where customer processes do not support metering. The EDCs are required to provide supporting documentation to the SWE for review if there are any such exceptions. ]

When BMS data is used as a method of obtaining customer-specific data in lieu of metering, the following guidelines should be followed:

· Care should be taken with respect to BMS data, since the programmed schedule may not reflect regular hours of long unscheduled overrides of the lighting system, such as nightly cleaning in office buildings, and may not reflect how the lights were actually used, but

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