NATIONAL ID SYSTEM CASE FROM PRES. FVR ADMINISTRATION.OPLE VS TORRES[G.R. No. 127685. July 23, 1998]293 SCRA 141FACTS: Administ!ti"# $d# No. 3%8, #ntitl#d &Ado'tion o( ! N!tion!l Com'ut#i)#d*d#nti+,!tion R#(##n,# Syst#m,& -!s issu#d .y /#sid#nt 0id#l R!mos $n 1#,#m.# 12, 1996./#tition# S#n!to 2l!s 0. $'l# !ss!il#d t3# ,onstitution!lity o( t3# Administ!ti"# $d# No. 3%8 #ntitl#d 4Ado'tion o( Com'ut#i)#d *d#nti+,!tionR#(##n,# Syst#m5 on t3# (ollo-in6 6ounds7 1.8 93# !dminist!ti"# od# issu#d .y t3# #:#,uti"# is d##m#d to .# ! l!- !nd not!m##!dminist!ti"#od# t3usit is!usu'!tiono( l#6isl!ti"#'o-# o( t3#,on6#ss to m!;# l!-s, !nd2.8 *t im'#missi.ly intud#s t3# ,iti)#n#n,om'!ssin6 in s,o'#, !?#,ts t3# li(# !nd li.#ty o( #"#y 0ili'ino ,iti)#n!nd (o#i6n #sid#nt, !nd mo# '!ti,ul!ly, "iol!t#s t3#i i63t to 'i"!,y.R#s'ond#nts ,ount#>!6u# t3!t7 A.$. No. 3%8 -!s issu#d -it3in t3# #:#,uti"# !nd!dminist!ti"#'o-#so( t3#'#sid#nt -it3out#n,o!,3in6ont3#l#6isl!ti"#'o-#so(,on6#ss. ISSUE:!8 @3#t3# t3# Administ!ti"# $d# No. 3%8 "iol!t#s t3# ,onstitution!li63t to 'i"!,y..8 @3#t3# t3# issu!n,# o( A.$. No. 3%8 is !n un,onstitution!l usu'!tion o( t3# 'o-#o( Con6#ss to l#6isl!t#.HELD:!8 A#s, t3# Administ!ti"# $d# "iol!t#s t3# ,onstitution!l i63t to 'i"!,y .#,!us#its s,o'# is too .o!d !nd "!6u# t3!t -ill 'ut '#o'l#*n,imin!tionB it m!y '!"# t3# -!y (o 4+s3in6 #:'#ditions5 .y 6o"#nm#nt !ut3oiti#s !nd#"!d# t3# i63t !6!inst un#!son!.l# s#!,3#s !nd s#i)u#s. .8 A#s. *t ,!nnot .# sim'listi,!lly !6u#d t3!t A.$. No. 3%8 m##ly im'l#m#nts t3#Administ!ti"# Cod# o( 1987. *t #st!.lis3#s (o t3# +st tim# ! N!tion!lCom'ut#i)#d *d#nti+,!tion R#(##n,# Syst#m. Su,3 ! Syst#m #Cui#s ! d#li,!t#!dDustm#nt o( "!ious ,ont#ndin6 st!t# 'oli,i#s E t3# 'im!,y o( n!tion!l s#,uity,t3# #:t#nt o( 'i"!,y int##st !6!inst dossi#>6!t3#in6 .y 6o"#nm#nt, t3# ,3oi,#o( 'oli,i#s. 0om t3#s# '#,#'ts, t3# Cout 3olds t3!t A.$. No. 3%8 in"ol"#s ! su.D#,t t3!t is not!''o'i!t#to.#,o"##d.y!n!dminist!ti"#od#.As s!id !dminist!ti"# od##d#+n#s t3# '!!m#t#s o( som# .!si, i63ts o( ou ,iti)#ny vis-a-vis t3# St!t# !s-#ll !s t3# lin# t3!t s#'!!t#s t3# !dminist!ti"# 'o-# o( t3# /#sid#nt to m!;#ul#s !nd t3# l#6isl!ti"# 'o-# o( Con6#ss, it ou63t to .# #"id#nt t3!t it d#!ls -it3! su.D#,t t3!t s3ould .# ,o"##d .y l!-.PRES. GMAS DECLARATION OF MARTIAL LAW IN MAGUINDANAOAND SUSPENSION OF WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUSPhilip Sigfi! F"#$% &. Gl"i' M'('p'g'l)A"*"+ ,# 'l.+ G.R. N". -./0.1+ M'(h 0/+ 0/-0 2'%! "#h, ("%3"li!'#,! ('3,34FACTS:$nNo"#m.# 23, 2%%9, 3#!"ily !m#d m#n.#li#"#dl#d.y t3# ulin6Am'!tu!n (!mily o( F!6uind!n!o 6unn#d do-n !nd .ui#d und# s3o"#l#d dit 57inno,#nt ,i"ili!ns.*n #s'ons# to t3is ,!n!6#, /#sid#nt Aoyo issu#d onNo"#m.# 24, 2%%9 /#sid#nti!l /o,l!m!tion 1946 d#,l!in6 ! st!t# o( #m#6#n,yin F!6uind!n!o, Sult!n Gud!!t, !nd Cot!.!to City.$n1#,#m.# 4, 2%%9, /#sid#nt Aoyoissu#d/#sid#nti!l /o,l!m!tion1959d#,l!in6m!ti!l l!-!ndsus'#ndin6t3#'i"il#6#o( t3#-it o( habeascorpus inF!6uind!n!o#:,#'t(oid#nti+#d!#!so( t3#Foo*sl!mi,Hi.#!tion0ont. $n 1#,#m.# 6, 2%%9, /#sid#nt Aoyo su.mitt#d 3# #'ot to Con6#ss. $n1#,#m.# 9, 2%%9, Con6#ss ,on"#n#d in Doint s#ssion to #"i#- t3# "!lidity o( t3#/#sid#nt2!6uio. *n 1984,3# -!s !mon6 t3os# -3o (ound#d t3# Codill#! /#o'l#s Alli!n,# MC/A8, ! ,o!litiono( NG$s -o;in6 (o t3# ,!us# o( indi6#nous '#o'l#s in t3# Codill#! R#6ion.A,,odin6 to -itn#ss#s< t#stimony, J!m#s -!s !.du,t#d .y unid#nti+#d m#n, s!yin6t3#y -## 'oli,#m#n !nd -## !#stin6 3im (o ! du6s ,!s# !nd t3#n m!d# to id#! -3it# "!n./#tition#s '!y#d (o t3# issu!n,# o( ! -it o( !m'!o !nd li;#-is# '!y#d (o M18!nins'#,tionod#(ot3#ins'#,tiono(!tl#!st11milit!y!nd'oli,#(!,iliti#s-3i,3 3!"# .##n '#"iously #'ot#d !s d#t#ntion ,#nt#s (o !,ti"ists !.du,t#d .ymilit!y !nd 'oli,# o'#!ti"#sB M28 ! 'odu,tion od# (o !ll do,um#nts t3!t ,ont!in#"id#n,# #l#"!nt to t3# '#tition, '!ti,ul!ly t3# $d# o( 2!ttl# Hist !nd !ny #,odo dossi# #s'ond#nts 3!"# on J!m#sB !nd M38 ! -itn#ss 'ot#,tion od#.93# R9C issu#d t3# !ss!il#d Dud6m#nt, dis'osin6 !s (ollo-s7*SSKJ!@it o(Am'!o$d#in6 t3# #s'ond#nts to M!8 dis,los#-3## J!m#sisd#t!in#d o ,on+n#d, M.8 to #l#!s# J!m#s ,onsid#in6 3is unl!-(ul d#t#ntion sin,#3is!.du,tion!ndM,8 to,#!s#!ndd#sist (om(ut3# inOi,tin63!mu'on3is'#sonB !nd1JNAt3#issu!n,#o( *NS/JC9*$N$R1JR, /R$1KC9*$N$R1JR!nd@*9NJSS/R$9JC9*$N$R1JR (o (!ilu# o( 3##in /#tition#s to,om'ly -it3t3# stin6#nt'o"isions on t3# Rul# on t3# @it o( Am'!o !nd su.st!nti!t# t3# s!m#ISSUE7 @3#t3# o not t3# tot!lity o( #"id#n,# s!tis+#s t3# d#6## o( 'oo( #Cui#d.y t3# Am'!o Rul# to #st!.lis3 !n #n(o,#d dis!''#!!n,#.HELD7 N$B 93# Rul# on t3# @it o( Am'!o -!s 'omul6!t#d on $,to.# 24, 2%%7!midstisin6in,id#n,#o( 4#:t!l#6!l ;illin6s5!nd4#n(o,#ddis!''#!!n,#s.5*t-!s (omul!t#d in t3# #:#,is# o( t3is CoutAoyo, t3#Cout not#dt3!t t3#simil!ity.#t-##nt3#,i,umst!n,#s!tt#ndin6!'!ti,ul! ,!s#o( !.du,tion-it3t3os#suoundin6 '#"ious inst!n,#s o( #n(o,#d dis!''#!!n,#s do#s not, n#,#ss!ily,,!y suL,i#nt -#i63t to 'o"# t3!t t3# 6o"#nm#nt o,3#st!t#d su,3 !.du,tion.A,,odin6ly, t3# ti!l ,out in t3is ,!s# ,!nnot sim'ly in(# 6o"#nm#nt in"ol"#m#ntint3#!.du,tiono( J!m#s(om'!st simil! in,id#ntsin-3i,3t3#"i,tims!lso-o;#d o !Lli!t#d -it3 t3# C/A !nd ot3# l#(t>l#!nin6 6ou's.Ast3#l!-no-st!nds, #:t!Dudi,i!l ;illin6s!nd#n(o,#ddis!''#!!n,#sint3isDuisdi,tion !# not ,im#s '#n!li)#d s#'!!t#ly (om t3# ,om'on#nt ,imin!l !,tsund#t!;#n to,!y out t3#s# ;illin6s!nd#n(o,#d dis!''#!!n,#s !nd !# no-'#n!li)#d und# t3# R#"is#d /#n!l Cod# !nd s'#,i!l l!-s. 93# sim'l# #!son is t3!tt3# H#6isl!tu# 3!s not s'o;#n on t3# m!tt#B t3# d#t#min!tion o( -3!t !,ts !#,imin!l : : : !# m!tt#s o( su.st!nti"# l!- t3!t only t3# H#6isl!tu# 3!s t3# 'o-#to #n!,t.Ass#ssin6 t3# #"id#n,# on #,od, -# +nd t3!t t3# '!ti,i'!tion in !ny m!nn# o(milit!y !nd 'oli,# !ut3oiti#s in t3# !.du,tion o( J!m#s 3!s not .##n !d#Cu!t#ly'o"#n. 93# id#ntiti#s o( t3# !.du,tos 3!"# not .##n #st!.lis3#d, mu,3 l#ss t3#ilin; to !ny milit!y o 'oli,# unit. 93## is li;#-is# no ,on,#t# #"id#n,# indi,!tin6t3!t J!m#s is .#in63#ldo d#t!in#du'onod#s o( o -it3!,Cui#s,#n,#o(6o"#nm#nt !6#nts. Cons#Cu#ntly, t3# ti!l ,out ##d in 6!ntin6 !m'!o #li#(s.Su,3 'onoun,#m#nt o( #s'onsi.ility on t3# '!t o( 'u.li, #s'ond#nts ,!nnot .#m!d# 6i"#n t3# insuL,i#n,y o( #"id#n,#. =o-#"#, -# !6## -it3 t3# ti!l ,out in+ndin6 t3!t t3# !,tions t!;#n .y #s'ond#nt oL,i!ls !# 4"#y limit#d, su'#+,i!l!nd on#>sid#d.5 *ts ,!ndid !nd (ot3i63t o.s#"!tions on t3# #?ots #:#t#d .y t3##s'ond#nts !# .on# .y t3# #"id#n,# on #,od.COMMENTARY ON PRES. GMAS DECLARATION OF MARTIAL LAW INMAGUINDANAOAND SUSPENSION OF WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS*nt3#-!;#o( t3#m!ss!,#o( 57'#o'l#inAm'!tu!nto-n, /#sid#nt Gloi!F!,!'!6!l Aoyo'l!,#dF!6uind!n!ound# !st!t#o( m!ti!l l!-, J:#,uti"#S#,#t!y Jdu!do Jmit! !nnoun,#d on 1#,#m.# 4, 2%%9. *n so doin6,F!l!,!P!n6 3!s sus'#nd#d t3# -it o( 3!.#!s ,o'us in t3# 'o"in,# #:,#'t &(o,#t!in !#!s,& #n!.lin6 t3# milit!y to m!;# !#sts -it3out ,out int#"#ntion. 93is,onstitut#s t3# +st d#,l!!tion o( m!ti!l l!- in t3# /3ili''in#s sin,# 1972, -3#nt3#n>'#sid#nt 0#din!ndF!,osim'os#dmilit!yul#o"# t3##nti#,ounty.1/#sid#nt F!,os< m!ti!l l!-, Dusti+#d to ,ount#!,t t3# Communist insu6#n,y int3# ,ounty, tun#d out to .# ! "#3i,l# to #st!.lis3 ! on#>m!n !ut3oit!i!n ul# int3#,ounty. J:'#,t#dly, /#sid#nt Aoyo#:ist#n,# o( !n !,tu!l #.#llion in F!6uind!n!o, /o,l!m!tion No. 1959 isun,onstitution!l (o l!,; o( (!,tu!l .!sis !s #Cui#d und# S#,tion 18, Ati,l# N** o(t3# Constitution (o t3# d#,l!!tion o( m!ti!l l!- !nd sus'#nsion o( t3# 'i"il#6# o(t3# -it o( habeas corpus.@3il#-#!s6ood,iti)#ns!#s3outin6(o Dusti,#tot3#"i,timso( t3#3oi+,m!ss!,#, mu,3 !s -# 3!"# to s!y to ous#l"#s t3!t N$ $NJ *S A2$NJ 9=J HA@,3#n,# .y 6i"in6 Dusti,# to t3# ,iti)#ns, -# s3ould !lso 6i"# Dusti,# to t3# l!- .yu'3oldin6 !nd o.s#"in6 its #Cui#m#nts (o su,3 !''li,!tion. 0ootnot#s R R#(##n,#s7181#,#m.# 5, 2%%9. A"!il!.l# !t 3tt'7RR---.6m!n#t-o;.,omRn#-sRstoyR178575Rn#-sRn!tionR!oyo>d#,l!#s>m!ti!l>l!->in>m!6uind!n!o>'o"in,# l!st "isit#d F!,3 22, 2%1528 Const. M19878, At. N**, S#,. 1838A,t No. 3815 M193%848S!n 2#d! Coll#6# o( H!-. F#moy Aid in Cimin!l H!- M2%%88 8%'58Nov. 27, 2009. Available at http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,!"",1"431"1,00.htmll!st "isit#d F!,3 22, 2%15681#,#m.# 5, 2%%9 . A"!il!.l# !t 3tt'7RR---.#ll#ntod#sill!s.,omR2%%9R12R%5R,on,#ns>!is#d>o"#>d#,l!!tion>o(>m!ti!l>l!->in>m!6uind!n!oR l!st "isit#d F!,3 23, 2%15