Commas, Colons, and Commas, Colons, and SemicolonsSemicolons

By WoodhouseBy Woodhouse

Warm UpWarm Up

Writing Prompt (100 words): What is Writing Prompt (100 words): What is your favorite time of the year? What your favorite time of the year? What are some activities you enjoy doing are some activities you enjoy doing during this time of the year? Is there during this time of the year? Is there a specific type of food you like to a specific type of food you like to each during this season? If so, each during this season? If so, explain it.explain it.

Or, choose your own topic to write Or, choose your own topic to write about.about.

SOL ObjectivesSOL Objectives

9.4 The student will read and analyze a 9.4 The student will read and analyze a variety of informational materials and variety of informational materials and nonfiction materials, including journals, nonfiction materials, including journals, essays, speeches, biographies, and essays, speeches, biographies, and autobiographies.autobiographies.

11.7f adapt content, vocabulary, voice, 11.7f adapt content, vocabulary, voice, and tone to audience and purposeand tone to audience and purpose

12.3a recognize major literary forms and 12.3a recognize major literary forms and their elementstheir elements

9.2 Include definitions to increase 9.2 Include definitions to increase clarityclarity

10.3 Explain differences in literary forms10.3 Explain differences in literary forms

Class ObjectivesClass Objectives

Students will be able to: given the Students will be able to: given the smartboard, computer, smartboard, computer, wikispaces, and quiz: identify and wikispaces, and quiz: identify and judge how colons, commas, and judge how colons, commas, and semicolons are used in sentences; semicolons are used in sentences; create sentences using these create sentences using these punctuations; and complete a quiz punctuations; and complete a quiz with 80% accuracy on colons, with 80% accuracy on colons, commas, and semicolons.commas, and semicolons.

Anticipatory SetAnticipatory Set

Connection: Today, we are Connection: Today, we are going to study colons, commas, going to study colons, commas, and semicolons.and semicolons.

Relevancy: In order to complete Relevancy: In order to complete a sentence with pauses and list a sentence with pauses and list items, sentences use different items, sentences use different kinds of punctuation.kinds of punctuation.

Anticipatory Set ContinuedAnticipatory Set Continued

Can you tell what is wrong with Can you tell what is wrong with this sentence?this sentence?

At 100 A.M. I found myself At 100 A.M. I found myself sleepwalking in the kitchen.sleepwalking in the kitchen.

Copy Notes: CommaCopy Notes: Comma

A comma is a punctuation mark (,) that represents a A comma is a punctuation mark (,) that represents a slight pause in a sentence or is used to separate slight pause in a sentence or is used to separate words and figures in a list. words and figures in a list.

Examples of Commas in Sentences: Examples of Commas in Sentences:

1. While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door.1. While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door. 2. Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class.2. Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class. 3. If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor.3. If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor. 4. When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway.4. When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway. 5. The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave.5. The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave. 6. The student explained her question, yet the instructor still didn't 6. The student explained her question, yet the instructor still didn't

seem to understand.seem to understand. 7. Yesterday was her brother's birthday, so she took him out to 7. Yesterday was her brother's birthday, so she took him out to

dinner.dinner.

Additional information about commas are on the next Additional information about commas are on the next slide.slide.

3 Comma Activities3 Comma Activities

1. (Show Teacher: Review)1. (Show Teacher: Review)http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/words/grammar/punctuation/commashttp://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/words/grammar/punctuation/commas/flash0.shtml/flash0.shtml

2. (Email) Email your results to 2. (Email) Email your results to woodhouse_homebound@yahoo.comwoodhouse_homebound@yahoo.com..

http://wps.ablongman.com/long_long_rw_2/43/11197/286667http://wps.ablongman.com/long_long_rw_2/43/11197/2866676.cw/index.html6.cw/index.html

3. (Sentence Writing) Complete the following in your 3. (Sentence Writing) Complete the following in your notebook.notebook.

http://http://englishforeveryone.org/PDFs/Commas.pdfenglishforeveryone.org/PDFs/Commas.pdf

Copy Notes: Colon Copy Notes: Colon

A colon is A colon is

Examples: Examples: 1. I ordered the following supplies1. I ordered the following supplies:: potatoes, sugar, potatoes, sugar,

flour, eggs, and coffee.     flour, eggs, and coffee.     2. I ordered these supplies2. I ordered these supplies:: potatoes, sugar, flour, potatoes, sugar, flour,

eggs, and coffee.     eggs, and coffee.     3. Theories which try to explain the secrets of fire 3. Theories which try to explain the secrets of fire

walking fall into three categorieswalking fall into three categories:: physical, physical, psychological, and religious.psychological, and religious.

Colon ActivityColon Activity

A. A. DirectionsDirections: Use a colon after the salutation of a : Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter. Example: Dear Sir:business letter. Example: Dear Sir:

Instructions: Write each sentence in your Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. notebook for grading. Place colons where Place colons where needed.needed.

1. Dear Mr. Witt1. Dear Mr. Witt 2. Dear Madam2. Dear Madam 3. My dear Mrs. Garrity3. My dear Mrs. Garrity 4. Gentlemen4. Gentlemen 5. To whom it may concern5. To whom it may concern

Colon Activity CColon Activity C

C.  C.  DirectionsDirections: Use a colon between the title and subtitle of a : Use a colon between the title and subtitle of a book. Example: book. Example: The Wide World: A High School GeographyThe Wide World: A High School Geography

Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. grading. Place colons where needed.Place colons where needed.

1. Have you examined for possible adoption 1. Have you examined for possible adoption Warriner's English Warriner's English Grammar and Composition Complete CourseGrammar and Composition Complete Course??

2. The 2. The Advanced Composition A Book of Models for Advanced Composition A Book of Models for WritingWriting has been used for many years. has been used for many years.

3. I didn't like 3. I didn't like Episodes in American History An Inquiry Episodes in American History An Inquiry ApproachApproach as a history text. as a history text.

4. 4. Men and Nations A World HistoryMen and Nations A World History covers what we need very  covers what we need very well.well.

5. 5. The American Nation A History of the United StatesThe American Nation A History of the United States seems  seems too advanced for our grade level.too advanced for our grade level.

Colon Activity BColon Activity B

B. B. DirectionDirection: Use a colon to express the hours and : Use a colon to express the hours and minutes in figures. Example: 12:30 A.M.minutes in figures. Example: 12:30 A.M.

Instructions: Write each sentence in your Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. notebook for grading. Place colons where Place colons where needed.needed.

1. We will meet at 800 A.M. tomorrow morning.1. We will meet at 800 A.M. tomorrow morning. 2. I will be on the plane at 1153 P.M.2. I will be on the plane at 1153 P.M. 3. Which would be better for you, 1000 A.M. or 200 3. Which would be better for you, 1000 A.M. or 200

P.M?P.M? 4. Be in my office promptly at 1035 A.M.4. Be in my office promptly at 1035 A.M. 5. You never get to bed before 1130 P.M.5. You never get to bed before 1130 P.M.

Copy Notes: SemicolonCopy Notes: Semicolon

Examples:Examples:

1. He promised to reform; a few days later he forgot 1. He promised to reform; a few days later he forgot everything. (Notice, where the semicolon is, you can everything. (Notice, where the semicolon is, you can easily put the following words: and, but, yet, or…)easily put the following words: and, but, yet, or…)

2. He promised to reform; however, a few days later 2. He promised to reform; however, a few days later he forgot everything. (It can also go between two he forgot everything. (It can also go between two thoughts that can stand alone (independent thoughts that can stand alone (independent clauses) joined by an adverb.)clauses) joined by an adverb.)

Semicolon ActivitySemicolon Activity A. A. DirectionsDirections: Use a semicolon between two independent clauses of a compound : Use a semicolon between two independent clauses of a compound

sentence when they are not joined by a coordinate conjunction. Example: There sentence when they are not joined by a coordinate conjunction. Example: There was a sudden silence; everyone was stunned by the outcome.was a sudden silence; everyone was stunned by the outcome.

Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place Place semicolons where they are needed in the following sentences.semicolons where they are needed in the following sentences.

1. Carl is tall his brother is short.1. Carl is tall his brother is short. 2. He knocked several times no one came to the door.2. He knocked several times no one came to the door. 3. The siren blew loudly I rushed to the window the 3. The siren blew loudly I rushed to the window the

police raced pass as I looked out.police raced pass as I looked out. 4. I waited several hours for you you did not return I 4. I waited several hours for you you did not return I

became concerned.became concerned. 5. My sister loves mysteries my brother likes technical 5. My sister loves mysteries my brother likes technical

manuals.manuals.

Semicolon Activity CSemicolon Activity C C.  C.  Directions:Directions: Use a semicolon before a conjunctive adverb that introduces a  Use a semicolon before a conjunctive adverb that introduces a

clause in a compound sentence.clause in a compound sentence.Common conjunctive adverbs are Common conjunctive adverbs are therefore, nevertheless, moreover, consequently, therefore, nevertheless, moreover, consequently,

furthermore, besides, then, thus, instead, accordingly, otherwise, so, yet, still, furthermore, besides, then, thus, instead, accordingly, otherwise, so, yet, still, hence, howeverhence, however. Example: Jill knew she could not win;. Example: Jill knew she could not win;neverthelessnevertheless, she kept , she kept running.running.

Explanatory expressions (Explanatory expressions (for example, namely, on the contrary, in fact, that is, on the for example, namely, on the contrary, in fact, that is, on the other handother hand) are used similarly as conjunctive adverbs with a semicolon ) are used similarly as conjunctive adverbs with a semicolon preceding them and a comma following. Example: The weather was wonderful; preceding them and a comma following. Example: The weather was wonderful; in fact, it was the best weather for a month.in fact, it was the best weather for a month.

Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place semicolons Place semicolons where they are needed in the following sentences.where they are needed in the following sentences.

1. I have not heard the latest comments therefore, I cannot render an opinion.1. I have not heard the latest comments therefore, I cannot render an opinion. 2. Our children have traveled throughout the world for example, Australia, Brazil, 2. Our children have traveled throughout the world for example, Australia, Brazil,

Korea, and Russia.Korea, and Russia. 3. In Brazil we have seen many places on the other hand, we have never been to 3. In Brazil we have seen many places on the other hand, we have never been to

Africa.Africa. 4. We plan to return some day to Brazil therefore, we want to visit Rio, Sao Paulo, 4. We plan to return some day to Brazil therefore, we want to visit Rio, Sao Paulo,

and Manaus.and Manaus. 5. Barbara is a diligent student she, in fact, is tops in her class.5. Barbara is a diligent student she, in fact, is tops in her class.

Semicolons Activity BSemicolons Activity B B. B. DirectionsDirections:: Use a semicolon between the two independent clauses of  Use a semicolon between the two independent clauses of

a compound sentence joined by a coordinate conjunction if commas are a compound sentence joined by a coordinate conjunction if commas are also used in the sentence. Example: Although the story is impossible, I also used in the sentence. Example: Although the story is impossible, I believe you; and the others will, too.believe you; and the others will, too.

Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. grading. Place semicolons where they are needed in the following Place semicolons where they are needed in the following sentences.sentences.

1. Since you asked my opinion, I will tell you and I hope you will listen 1. Since you asked my opinion, I will tell you and I hope you will listen well.well.

2. Although he is highly qualified, he is not dependable and I am afraid to 2. Although he is highly qualified, he is not dependable and I am afraid to hire him.hire him.

3. Because Sarah is absent a great deal, she has a hard time keeping up 3. Because Sarah is absent a great deal, she has a hard time keeping up but she is willing to work overtime.but she is willing to work overtime.

4. Although I prefer English, I know that math is important and I will work 4. Although I prefer English, I know that math is important and I will work hard in both classes.hard in both classes.

5. When you arrive on the train, take a taxi to the bus station or I can meet 5. When you arrive on the train, take a taxi to the bus station or I can meet you at the train.you at the train.

Quiz: Comma, Colon, and Quiz: Comma, Colon, and SemicolonSemicolon Create a table, flow chart, or pie chart Create a table, flow chart, or pie chart

which demonstrates the following:which demonstrates the following:

Have a title word for each column. Have a title word for each column. Color/shade in the blocks with the titles or Color/shade in the blocks with the titles or pie chart sections.pie chart sections.

Define the following: comma, colon, and Define the following: comma, colon, and semicolon.semicolon.

Three sentences for each for comma, Three sentences for each for comma, colon, and semicolon.colon, and semicolon.

Illustrate what a comma, colon, and Illustrate what a comma, colon, and semicolon looks like.semicolon looks like.

ClosureClosure

Draw a picture of a comma, Draw a picture of a comma, semicolon, and colon. Personify semicolon, and colon. Personify each picture and have each tell each picture and have each tell what it is and how it can be used what it is and how it can be used in a sentence. (Example: You in a sentence. (Example: You can draw them with a face, can draw them with a face, clothes, etc.)clothes, etc.)