commas and quotation marks
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Commas and Quotation Marks. English II 21 August 2012. When to use commas…. Separate items in a series After an introductory phrase or word To set off a direct address Interrupters Some appositives At least two items in a date or an address To avoid misreading Coordinate adjectives. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Commas and Quotation Marks
English II21 August 2012
When to use commas…
Separate items in a seriesAfter an introductory phrase or wordTo set off a direct address InterruptersSome appositivesAt least two items in a date or an addressTo avoid misreadingCoordinate adjectives
To separate items in a series
Example:Mom, Dad, and Carla packed for their vacation.
After an introductory phrase or word…
Interjections- words that show emotion or exclamation
Example: Wow, what a beautiful girl! In the light of the moon, the flowers opened.
DO NOT USE A COMMA IF THE VERB COMES DIRECTLY AFTER THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE.
At the edge of the garden were many flowers.
To set off a direct address…
Example:Marquis, do you have a ruler?Next, class, we will begin our
practice assignment.We changed your oil, Mr. Harris.
To set off interrupters…
Example:He was, I believe, a talented
athlete.You, on the other hand, are
exempt from the assignment.
To set off appositives…
Example: Vanessa, my favorite cousin, is coming to visit me.
WHEN THE OPPOSITIVE IS NESSECARY, A COMMA IS NOT.
My favorite cousin Vanessa is coming to visit me.
To set off dates and addresses…
Example:Biloxi, Mississippi, is found on the
Gulf of Mexico.On the Gulf of Mexico is Biloxi,
Mississippi.On December 22, 1981, I was born.
To avoid misreading…
Example:Those who can, can go home now. In the summer, time seems to fly more
quickly.DO NOT USE COMMAS TO SEPARATE
“had had”He had had the mumps before he had
the measles.
Coordinate Adjectives…
Two or more adjectives that modify the same noun EQUALLY.
Hint, they can be flipped without changing the sentence’s meaning.
Example: It was a cool, windy night. She was a sweet, thoughtful girl.
When to use Punctuation Marks…
Direct quotes- when you tell a person’s exact words
Titles of shorter works
Direct Quotes…
When the speaker comes at the beginning of the sentence, put the comma after the noun or pronoun. The end punctuation will go inside the quotation mark if it is a simple statement.
Example: The boy asked, “Can I have ice cream?” His mother squalled, “You are spoiled!”
Speaker at the end…
With a simple statement, the period becomes a comma inside the quote. “I want some ice cream,” Willie stated.
If it is an exclamation point or question mark, no comma is used. “He is a brat!” the girl exclaimed.“Do I have to?” he questioned.
Speaker in the middle…
You need commas surrounding the speaker, but YOU DO NOT CAPITALIZE the second half of the quote. “I like,” she said, “to ride horses.”“That girl,” the boy cooed, “is very
pretty.”
Titles…
Poems, but not epicsSingle TV EpisodesShort StoriesSpeechesSong TitlesArticles
Quotes/Short Work Titles Within Quotes…
Use a single quote within a quote. Megan answered, “The quote is
actually ‘Money doesn’t buy happiness.’”
“Have you read,” Dane asked, “ the short story ‘The Lottery’?”
Good luck!