comets 30 october 2015. introduction the history of comet watching dates back to 1000 bc from the...

Comets 30 October 2015

Upload: imogen-berry

Post on 29-Jan-2016

213 views

Category:

Documents

0 download

Report

Download

Tags:

Embed Size (px):

TRANSCRIPT

Comets

30 October 2015

Introduction

• The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq.

• Comets have been regarded as omen, even as recently as 1986. – Battle of Hastings – 1066 – Bayeau Tapestry

• Today Astronomers study Comets from scientific perspectives, and our understanding of these fascinating objects have grown tremendously.

Page 3: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Dirty Snowballs

• Comets are dusty chunk of ice• During each orbit around the sun they partially vaporize

• Have elliptical Orbits

Courtesy: Calvin J. Hamilton

Page 4: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 5: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 6: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Orbits of Comets

• Elliptical in Shape

• Randomly oriented

Sun

Comet

Earth

Perihelion distance

Aphelion distance

Page 7: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Comet Hunters

• Comet are named by International Astronomical Union (IAU) after the person who first discovers them.

• Many comets are discovered by amateur astronomers.

• Charles Messier, E. E. Bernard, Shoemaker and Levy, Hale and Bopp, Ikeya, Seki and Hayakutake are popular comet hunters.

Page 8: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Origins of Comets

• Comets are thought to be the left over debris from during the time of formation of the solar system.

• The elliptical orbits of comets suggest that they underwent gravitational pull from the giant planets.

• This all lead us to infer two possible locations where comets could start their journey towards the sun: Oort Cloud for long period comets; Kuiper Belt for short period.

Page 9: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Comets Tails• Ludwig Biermann propose the idea of solar wind to explain comet tails. Mariner 2 spacecraft captured the one such event in 1962.

Page 10: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 11: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Comet Collisions

Courtesy: NASA/JPL

Page 12: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Kohoutek

Page 13: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Comet West

Page 14: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Shoemaker-Levy 9

Page 15: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Shoemaker-Levy hits Jupiter

Page 16: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Hale-BoppIon tail &Dust tail

Page 17: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Halley from Giotto

Page 18: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Hyakutake

Page 19: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Deep Impact Tempel 1

Page 20: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Comet ISON

4 October 2013

Page 21: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

10 April 2013

Comet ISON

Page 22: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Comet ISON

8 October 2013

Page 23: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

ISON’s path through the sky

Page 24: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

ISON approaches the Sun

Page 25: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

ISON is only debris cloud after passing Sun

Page 26: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

CometHartleyjets

Page 27: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Comet McNaught 2007

Page 28: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Siding Spring at Mars October 2014

Page 29: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

MERPanCam

Page 30: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

MAVENIUVSSiding Spring

Page 31: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Latest Rosetta Images:Landing, 12 Nov 2014Perihelion: 13 August 2015

Page 32: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Rosetta Target: 67P C-G

Page 33: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 34: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 35: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 36: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Boulder ‘Cheops’

Page 37: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 38: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 39: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 40: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 41: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 42: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 43: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Approaching Perihelion

Page 44: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Outburst in Action

Page 45: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

View through Camera 4

Page 46: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

P67Rotation andRegions

Page 47: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Active Pits

Page 48: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Page 49: Comets 30 October 2015. Introduction The history of comet watching dates back to 1000 BC from the Chinese records and Chaldea, a place in present Iraq

Key Concepts• Kuiper Belt, exterior to Neptune is the primary source of short period (P<200yr) comets

• Oort Cloud, 10,000 AU from Sun, reservoir of long period comets, stored there billions of years

• Small objects much more abundant• Cometary activity is triggered by sunlight• Comet tails: dust, shaped by solar radiation; ion or plasma tail shaped by solar wind

• Comet grains: CHON + refractory matter • Comet nucleus: dirty snowball

Comet Tales: The Mythology and Science of Comets (And How

Table of Contents - Rainbow Resource Center, Inc.balls. Some comets, like Halley’s comet, come by the earth every 76 years. We call this a short period comet. If a comet takes longer

Comets II, Revised Chapter #7006 · Comets II, Revised Chapter #7006. plane in four sectors (Fig. 2). All cometary tails lie in the sector out of the comet orbit and behind the comet

Babylon and Chaldea

The Comets of 1995 - Institute of Astronomy, Cambridgejds/comets95.pdf · The Comets of 1995 Jonathan Shanklin A Report of the Comet Section (Director: J. D. Shanklin) This report

Ge/Ay133 What can comets tell us about the early S.S.? Deep Impact (Comet Tempel 1) Comet Hale-Bopp

Comets Dirty Snowballs? Not Really. Comet Hyukatake

Comets and Forces Comet Hyakutake. Comet McNaught, 2005 From Australia…. …and from space (STEREO)

Letter - arXiv1 C:/comets/Comets Page/131002 Letter “The Impending Demise of Comet C/2012 S1 ISON” Ignacio Ferrín, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences,

Comets……. What are they??? Comets are small bodies made out of dust and ices ("dirty snowballs"). The term "comet" derives from the Greek aster kometes,

Researches in Chaldea and Susiana