comeron, e.a*,tieri, m.p.,charlon, v., rossetti, l.,descalzo, a., … comeron ppt... · 2018. 12....
TRANSCRIPT
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Alfalfa and its potential in the Argentine dairy systems
Comeron, E.A*,Tieri, M.P.,Charlon, V., Rossetti, L.,Descalzo, A., Romero,L.,Villar, J.
INTA EEA Rafaela (Santa Fe – Argentina) *[email protected]
Argentina is one of the few countries that maintain most of its livestock production under grazing-based conditions throughout the year
mailto:*[email protected]:*[email protected]
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1. Evolution of alfalfa in dairy systems
? The use of alfalfa for grazing, silage and hay: *lack of knowledge of the use in grazing and .. *diet: originated protein/energy unbalances *bloat problems.
In the early '80s: Introduction of Alfalfa CUF 101: * adaptation to various environmental conditions * good forage quality (protein, digestibility) * higher dry matter production, * longer growing season, * aphid resistance
before the '80s: cows fed mostly on annual winter and summer forages, natural grasses, generic alfalfa and cichorie (PN) without the regular use of concentrates.
Oat; 30
Setaria; 10
sorghum; 25
PP 20
HAY; 10 GRAIN; 5
Diet
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Key of management …
Herbage allowance
• defoliation: 80% (160 cows/ha/d-1 in daily
grazing strips)
• rest period: 24 d in summer, 28 d in spring, +40 in autumn, basal regrowth in winter
INTA´s National Alfalfa – Milk Program • Genetic, Production and quality • Utilisation with dairy cows (grazing, silage, hay) • Sustentability • Milk products
EMBRAPA Sao Carlos
INRA Pegassus
Univ.Litoral Argentina
Other “friends”
System research and extensión programs
Alfalfa is an excellent forage and food … but
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In the ‘90s:
a) adoption of maize or sorghum silage (whole plant). b) the implementation of a basic crop rotation.
Significant increase of productivity (+ 7% year-1)
- Stability in forage production. - Increase of the stocking rate. - Stability on diet composition (< alfalfa ; > concentrate)
i
ALFALFA
35-40%|
Hay
5
Concentrate
(P+E) 30 %
Silaje
25%
13.000 kgDMa/ha/year
75% harvest eficiency
Diet
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Adjustments on feeding strategies: increase of partial or total cow confinement - > scala -
After 2005:
< alfalfa pasture diet (50% - 27% of the DMt)
This should not be interpreted as a trend towards alfalfa pastures disappearance in the near future.
Rol of alfalfa in TMR (INTA Rafaela):
TMR 100
TMR 75
ALF 25 =
33 liters/c/d >BCS
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Dieta offered to cows in argentine dairy systems
–upper cuartil- (Garcia, 2015)
100-130 130-160 160-200 200-250 250-300 300-350
Grazing Alf Hay AlfalfaGrain-Soja Maiz Silage
Eficiency (l/ha/y) 3400 4100 5200 6500 7900 9300
70s 80s 90s 10s
40:35
90:0 P:C
Grazing Hay Maize silage Concentrate
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2.- Environmental impact of grazing alfalfa in dairy systems.
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In 2014-2015, 116 dairy farms (average diet: alfalfa + silage + hay + conc.)
Tieri et al. (2017)
ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATOR MEAN VALUE REFERENCE
NUE (%)
24 ±7,5 – Argentina Tieri et al., 2017
≈ Gourley et al., 2012 for
Australia and USA
> Nevens et al., 2006 for dairy farms of the Flemish Region
60% of the dairy farms with 30%
30% threshold proposed Powell et al., 2010
Carbon Footprint
Argentina 0.92±0.24 Tieri et al., 2017
Argentina 0.90±0.30 Gimenez et al., 2017 CO2-eq/kg of FPCM 1.0 - Ireland Leip et al,2010; Yan et al.,
2013 0.84-0.90 - UK, Irish and USA dairy farms
O´Brian et al., 2014
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Conclusion: Alfalfa pasture in dairy systems produces an impact on the environment comparable to those of other dairy region in the world.
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3. The effect of fresh alfalfa on milk quality, dairy products and antioxidant composition.
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(mg/kg DM)
Fatty acids
(%)
Feed Gamma
tocopherol
Alpha
tocopherol
Beta
carotene C18:3
Fresh Alfalfa 6,4-16,6 78,8-81,0 122,3-156,6 22,06 Fresh Oat 9,1 16,1 66,7 15,89
Alfalfa Hay 2,8-4,1 8,5-55,0 0,6-13,1
Concentrate com. 45,7-83,9 9,2-24,2
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0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time (days)
Beta carotene (ug/gr fat)
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
70,0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time (days)
Vitamin A (ug/gr fat)
0,0
10,0
20,0
30,0
40,0
50,0
60,0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Time (days)
Vitamin E (ug/gr fat) prom A0
prom A70
A better sensory
qualification: color and aroma.
(Rossetti et al, 2010)
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0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
A0 A35 A70
Vitamin E (ug/ml milk)
*
* *
0,00
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
0,35
A0 A35 A70
Beta carotene (ug/ml milk)
*
* *
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
A0 A35 A70
Vitamin A (ug/ml milk)
Spring
Fall
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MATURED CHEESE
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Nutritional value of milk and dairy products can be naturally improved by using fresh alfalfa in the feeding strategies.
Conclusion:
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Dr. Eduardo Comeron and Jorge L. Villar [email protected]
EEA Rafaela – Santa Fe
Overall conclusion:
There are productive, environmental and economic evidences
that justify the use of alfalfa pastures as part of the diet
(PMR) of dairy cows in Argentina.