combustor n turbine
TRANSCRIPT
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GAS TURBINEAND
AUXILIARIES
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Simple Gas Turbine Plant
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Purpose of Combustor ?
The primary purpose of
the combustor is to provide
space for the chemical reactionof fuel and air.
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Requirements of a Combustor
The combustor must ensure the
quick start up of the plant. The combustion must take place at
higher efficiency.
Pressure losses/drop should be as
low as possible.
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Requirements of a Combustor
The hydraulic resistance must be as low as
feasible.
The geometry and arrangement of the
combustor must provide for stability ofcombustion over a wide range of air fuel
ratio, which varies from 40:1 to 200:1. Ignition must be reliable and accomplished
with ease over a wide range of atmospheric
conditions.
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Requirements of a Combustor
High degree of mixing (Thorough mixing of
air with fuel and as well as with combustion
products)
Carbon deposits should not be formedunder any conditions to enhance the life of
the combustion chamber. Combustion gases going to the turbine
should be cooled adequately so as not to
affect the blades.
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Requirements of a Combustor
For longer service life, the combustor must
be cooled properly especially in the hottest
portions. The combustor must be simple in design,
safe in operation, and easy and inexpensive
in manufacture.
Combustors of mobile and transportable
gas-turbine plants must have a low- mass
and small dimensions as for as possible.
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Primary Zone
Secondary zone
Tertiary Zone
Combustion Process
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Combustion Process
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Downstream Type Combustion
Chamber
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Combustor Parts
Outer casing. combustion liner. Cross Fire tube
Fuel injection systems
Initial ignition system
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Combustor Parts
Ultra violet flame
detectors Transition pieces
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Tested burner Combustion liner
Secondary air holes
Main burnerAuxiliarycombustor
Air
Fuel
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Annular Gap Igniter Plug
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The intense spark is obtained byexpending a small amount of electric
energy in a very short time.
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Flame Detector UV
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Ignitor plugs
Igniter plugs serve a purpose similar
to the spark plug in a reciprocating engine,although operation of the ignition system
and the igniter plugs is necessary only for a
short period during the engine starting
cycle.
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Major Differences
The elements of gas turbines are made up
of special heat-resistant steels and alloys
and various methods are employed to cool
turbine blades and discs.
The difference between the height of the
first-and last-stage blades in gas turbines is
substantially smaller than that in steam
turbines.
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The worked-out heat drop in a steam
turbine is 3-5 times less than that in a gas
turbine.
The height of blades in the first stages of
gas turbines is greater than in steam
turbines of comparable capacity.
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Disc type rotors
Rotors with Discs without centralborings have a higher strengthespecially during the action ofcentrifugal forces.
Since the discs are manufacturedfrom individual small-size
forging, they can be machinedindependently
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Root fastening slots in the discs
can be made by the most
advanced machining methods.
Disc type rotors
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The high operating temperature effects, Centrifugal tensile stresses due to rotational
speeds of the Order of 8000 to as high as30,000 r.p.m.
Bending stresses due to equivalent impulseload of the gases, which acts at a certaindistance from the fixing of the cantilever
blade. Hot erosive and corrosive effects due to the
high temperature combustion products e.g.CO2and CO with 02.
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Material should possess maximum strength at
high temperature.
High creep strength.
High resistance to corrosion.Endurance against fluctuating bending stresses.Maximum erosion resistance.Structural stability when exposed to varying
temperatures.
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.Castability or forgability.Weldability, if welding is used in themanufacture.Machinability.
Absence of embrittlement in the service.
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Advantages of Steam Cooling
It keeps the gas temperature higher than
the air cooled gas turbine.
While cooling it picks up the heat which is
used in the steam turbine.
It reduce the compressor discharge air
thereby allowing more flow to combustor.
Open loop air cooled Closed loop
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p p
nozzle
p
steam cooling
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Equiaxed
l lli bl d
Directionally
lidifi d
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polycrystalline bladessolidified
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A modern turbine blade alloy is complex in
that it contains up to ten significant alloying
elements, but its microstructure is verysimple.
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