Combining Subject Headings

Source: http://www.kerryr.net/pioneers/boole.htm

Boolean operators:• AND• OR• AND NOT or NOT

Bcolean Logix

Boolean Operators: AND (2 concepts)

poverty AND unemployment

Boolean Operators: AND(3 concepts)

poverty AND unemployment AND libraries

Boolean Operators: ANDSmaller Search Sets

poverty AND unemployment AND oxygen

Boolean Operators: ANDSmaller Search Sets

poverty AND unemployment AND Valparaiso, Indiana

Topic: Neurological functioning of high-functioning autistic children

Boolean Operators: OROne Concept

college

Boolean Operators: ORTwo Terms

college OR motorcycles

college OR university

Boolean Operators: ORThree Terms

college OR university OR campus

Neurological functioning of high-functioning autistic children

neuropsychology high-functioning autism child

neuropsychiatric high functioning autism early childhood

neurocognitive high-functioning autism spectrum

young children

neuromotor HFA adolescents

neurobiological autistic disorder teenagers

neural autism spectrum disorders kids

autism spectral disorders toddlers

**specific neuropsychology-related terms(motor skills, cognitive skills, language, achievement, left hemisphere dysfunction*,anomolous laterali?ation,....)

Asperger Syndrome school-aged children

Aspergers Syndrome preschoolchildren

Asperger’s Syndrome

OR versus AND

colleges AND libraries

colleges ORlibraries

Boolean Operators: NOT

Saturn NOT automobile

When Not to Use the Boolean NOT

math anxiety

boys

girls

math anxiety

boys

girls

boys

Boolean NOT:math anxiety NOT boys

Boolean AND:math anxiety AND (girls or females)

math anxiety

boysboys

girls

Order of Boolean Operations

AND ?OR ?NOT

• 6 X 8 + 2 = 50 ???? or 6 X 8 + 2 = 60 ???? (6 X 8) + 2 = 50 6 X (8 + 2) = 60

• NOT operations are performed first• AND operations are evaluated next• OR are completed last.

• Math anxiety AND girls NOT boys• Math anxiety AND (girls NOT boys)

Order of Math Operations

• 6 X 8 + 2 = 50 ???? or 6 X 8 + 2 = 60 ???? (6 X 8) + 2 = 50 6 X (8 + 2) = 60

• NOT operations are performed first• AND operations are evaluated next• OR are completed last.

• Math anxiety AND girls NOT boys• Math anxiety AND (girls NOT boys)

Order of Math Operations

• 6 X 8 + 2 = 50 ???? or 6 X 8 + 2 = 60 ???? (6 X 8) + 2 = 50 6 X (8 + 2) = 60

• NOT operations are performed first• AND operations are evaluated next• OR are completed last.

• Math anxiety AND girls NOT boys• Math anxiety AND (girls NOT boys)

Order of Math Operations

• 6 X 8 + 2 = 50 ???? or 6 X 8 + 2 = 60 ???? (6 X 8) + 2 = 50 6 X (8 + 2) = 60

• NOT operations are performed first• AND operations are evaluated next• OR are completed last.

• Math anxiety AND girls NOT boys• Math anxiety AND (girls NOT boys)

Order of Math Operations

• 6 X 8 + 2 = 50 ???? or 6 X 8 + 2 = 60 ???? (6 X 8) + 2 = 50 6 X (8 + 2) = 60

• NOT operations are performed first• AND operations are evaluated next• OR are completed last.

• Math anxiety AND girls NOT boys• Math anxiety AND (girls NOT boys)

Order of Boolean Operations

Order of Math Operations

• (math anxiety NOT boys) OR girls • math anxiety NOT (boys OR girls)

• (girls NOT math anxiety) OR boys• (boys NOT math anxiety) OR girls• (boys NOT girls) OR math anxiety• (girls NOT boys) OR math anxiety

• math anxiety AND (girls OR women OR females ) NOT (boys OR men OR males)

• math anxiety AND ((boys OR men OR males) NOT (girls OR women OR females)

The Power of Parentheses

• (math anxiety NOT boys) OR girls • math anxiety NOT (boys OR girls)

• (girls NOT math anxiety) OR boys• (boys NOT math anxiety) OR girls• (boys NOT girls) OR math anxiety• (girls NOT boys) OR math anxiety

• math anxiety AND (girls OR women OR females ) NOT (boys OR men OR males)

• math anxiety AND ((boys OR men OR males) NOT (girls OR women OR females)

The Power of Parentheses

• (math anxiety NOT boys) OR girls • math anxiety NOT (boys OR girls)

• (girls NOT math anxiety) OR boys• (boys NOT math anxiety) OR girls• (boys NOT girls) OR math anxiety• (girls NOT boys) OR math anxiety

• math anxiety AND (girls OR women OR females ) NOT (boys OR men OR males)

• math anxiety AND ((boys OR men OR males) NOT (girls OR women OR females)

The Power of Parentheses

• (math anxiety NOT boys) OR girls • math anxiety NOT (boys OR girls)

• (girls NOT math anxiety) OR boys• (boys NOT math anxiety) OR girls• (boys NOT girls) OR math anxiety• (girls NOT boys) OR math anxiety

• math anxiety AND (girls OR women OR females ) NOT (boys OR men OR males)

• math anxiety AND ((boys OR men OR males) NOT (girls OR women OR females))

The Power of Parentheses

The Power of Parentheses

Keywords and Controlled Vocabulary

• Clothing:– Dress– Raiment– Garb– Attire– Garment– Apparel– Clothes – Outfit

Keywords

• Small words not indexed in commercial databases or Web searching:– List of stop words vary from database to database– Sample words:

a, about, all, although, am, are, as, at, back, be, both, but, can, could, do, each, eight, eighty, every, even, five, fifty, from, four, forty, had, has, have, he, her, here, if, in, is, many, me, more, next, nine, ninety, no, none, nor, of, on, one, our, out, see, seem, self, seven, seventy, she, six, sixty, some, the, their, them, to, we, well, was, you

Stop Words

• Pretrial• Pre-trial• Pre trial

Asperger’s Syndrome Asperger s Syndrome Aspergers Syndrome

Hyphens and Apostrophes

Combining Subject Heads

Search Results

Boolean Operators

Boolean Operators: AND, OR, NOT

AND OR

NOT

Boolean OR

college OR university 40 50

80

Boolean AND

college AND university AND children

Boolean OR

college OR university OR campus 40 50 45

115

Using the Boolean OR to Look for Synonyms or Alternative Terms

Using OR in ProQuest’s Advanced Search

Boolean AND

college AND university AND children

The Boolean AND in ProQuest

Boolean NOT

turkey NOT food 210 200

115

Boolean OR Searching Using ProQuest

Boolean OR

high-functioning autism OR HFA

Boolean AND

autism AND children

Boolean NOT

Saturn NOT planet 210 200

115

Combining Boolean Operators for Focused Results