combining innovative indigenous knowledge and frontier techniques of blue and green water management
DESCRIPTION
Seminar Session 1TRANSCRIPT
Session: Research and Innovation for Increasing Water Use Efficiency
Combining Innovative indigenous knowledge and frontier techniques of blue and green water
management for improved water use efficiency in the north-eastern region of India
U. C. SHARMA
Former National Coordinator, National Agricultural Technology Project (ICAR)
Vice President, International Commission on Water Quality (IAHS)(2003-2011)
Constraints in the NE RegionShifting cultivationLand tenure systemSmall land holdingsHigh rainfallConducive climate for pests and diseasesInhospitable terrain/ inaccessibilityLack of communicationLack of marketing facilitiesLack of finance
ZABO SYSTEM
Forest area
Desiltation tank I Desiltation tank II
Main pondAnimal enclosure
Rice fields
Typical size and shape of paddy-cum-fish culture plots in Apatani plateau
A view of the rice fields in the valley
Bamboo Drip Irrigation
New Farming SystemsLand use Slope
(%)Crops Soil and water
conservation measures
Grasses and fodders
32.0 Maize, rice-bean, oats, peas, guinea grass, tapioca, broom-grass
Contour bunds, trenches, grassed water-ways
Forestry 38.0 Alder nepalensis, Albziia lebbeck, Acacia auriculiformis
None
Agro-forestry 32.2 Ficus hookerii, Eucalyptus, pine apple, guava, beans, pulse crops
Contour bunds
Agriculture 32.4 Beans, radish, maize, paddy, ginger, turmeric, upland rice, oats, groundnut, grasses on risers
Bench terraces, contourBunds, grassed water-ways
Agri-horti-silvi-pastoral
41.8 Ginger, Alder nepalensis, Ficushookeri, grasses, guava, citrus, lemon, agricultural crops
Contour bunds, bench terraces, half-moon terraces, grassed water-ways
Horticulture 53.2 Pear, peach, guava, citrus, lemon, vegetable crops
As above
Shifting cultivation
45.0 Mixture of crops None
Effect of land use and rainfall on the sediment yield(t km-2)
Land useAnnual rainfall (mm)
2195 2705 2770 2599 2388 1992 Mean
Fodders/grasses 14.2 16.3 28.8 18.6 10.6 9.0 16.2
Forestry (trees) 60.1 115.4 141.1 131.7 69.9 65.3 97.2
Agro-forestryAgriculture
35.4 3.9
70.2 9.8
75.624.3
74.3 22.7
37.6 3.7
27.8 3.1
53.4 11.2
Agri-horti-silvi-pastoralHorticulture
20.1 65.0
37.4101.4
36.0124.8
36.5 80.2
18.2 70.5
11.6 51.7
26.6 82.2
Shifting cultivation 2950.0 4580.0 4499.7 3610.0 3419.1 2669.4 3621.3Mean 447.2 704.2 704.3 567.7 518.5 405.4
C.D. (p=0.05) Land use = 77.6; Precipitation = 66.2; Land use x Precipitation = 162.5
Conclusions
• Though NE region has plenty of water resources, their misuse and mismanagement has resulted in resource degradation.
• Harvesting of run-off and more in-situ retention of rain water is necessary
• Replacement of shifting cultivation with alternate land use systems
• Small, cost effective, irrigation projects under the prevailing topographical situations.
THANK YOU